linux-kernel - [PATCH 3.16 101/132] x86/speculation/mds: Improve CPU buffer clear documentation

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Message-ID: <lsq.1568989415.794842715@decadent.org.uk>
Date:   Fri, 20 Sep 2019 15:23:35 +0100
From:   Ben Hutchings <ben@...adent.org.uk>
To:     linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org, stable@...r.kernel.org
CC:     akpm@...ux-foundation.org, Denis Kirjanov <kda@...ux-powerpc.org>,
        "Borislav Petkov" <bp@...e.de>, "Ingo Molnar" <mingo@...nel.org>,
        "Thomas Gleixner" <tglx@...utronix.de>,
        "Peter Zijlstra" <peterz@...radead.org>,
        "Andy Lutomirski" <luto@...nel.org>,
        "Linus Torvalds" <torvalds@...ux-foundation.org>,
        "Frederic Weisbecker" <frederic@...nel.org>,
        "Greg Kroah-Hartman" <gregkh@...uxfoundation.org>,
        "Jon Masters" <jcm@...hat.com>
Subject: [PATCH 3.16 101/132] x86/speculation/mds: Improve CPU buffer
 clear documentation

3.16.74-rc1 review patch.  If anyone has any objections, please let me know.

------------------

From: Andy Lutomirski <luto@...nel.org>

commit 9d8d0294e78a164d407133dea05caf4b84247d6a upstream.

On x86_64, all returns to usermode go through
prepare_exit_to_usermode(), with the sole exception of do_nmi().
This even includes machine checks -- this was added several years
ago to support MCE recovery.  Update the documentation.

Signed-off-by: Andy Lutomirski <luto@...nel.org>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@...e.de>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <frederic@...nel.org>
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@...uxfoundation.org>
Cc: Jon Masters <jcm@...hat.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@...ux-foundation.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@...radead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@...utronix.de>
Fixes: 04dcbdb80578 ("x86/speculation/mds: Clear CPU buffers on exit to user")
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/999fa9e126ba6a48e9d214d2f18dbde5c62ac55c.1557865329.git.luto@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@...nel.org>
Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings <ben@...adent.org.uk>
---
 Documentation/x86/mds.rst | 39 +++++++--------------------------------
 1 file changed, 7 insertions(+), 32 deletions(-)

--- a/Documentation/x86/mds.rst
+++ b/Documentation/x86/mds.rst
@@ -142,38 +142,13 @@ Mitigation points
    mds_user_clear.
 
    The mitigation is invoked in prepare_exit_to_usermode() which covers
-   most of the kernel to user space transitions. There are a few exceptions
-   which are not invoking prepare_exit_to_usermode() on return to user
-   space. These exceptions use the paranoid exit code.
-
-   - Non Maskable Interrupt (NMI):
-
-     Access to sensible data like keys, credentials in the NMI context is
-     mostly theoretical: The CPU can do prefetching or execute a
-     misspeculated code path and thereby fetching data which might end up
-     leaking through a buffer.
-
-     But for mounting other attacks the kernel stack address of the task is
-     already valuable information. So in full mitigation mode, the NMI is
-     mitigated on the return from do_nmi() to provide almost complete
-     coverage.
-
-   - Machine Check Exception (#MC):
-
-     Another corner case is a #MC which hits between the CPU buffer clear
-     invocation and the actual return to user. As this still is in kernel
-     space it takes the paranoid exit path which does not clear the CPU
-     buffers. So the #MC handler repopulates the buffers to some
-     extent. Machine checks are not reliably controllable and the window is
-     extremly small so mitigation would just tick a checkbox that this
-     theoretical corner case is covered. To keep the amount of special
-     cases small, ignore #MC.
-
-   - Debug Exception (#DB):
-
-     This takes the paranoid exit path only when the INT1 breakpoint is in
-     kernel space. #DB on a user space address takes the regular exit path,
-     so no extra mitigation required.
+   all but one of the kernel to user space transitions.  The exception
+   is when we return from a Non Maskable Interrupt (NMI), which is
+   handled directly in do_nmi().
+
+   (The reason that NMI is special is that prepare_exit_to_usermode() can
+    enable IRQs.  In NMI context, NMIs are blocked, and we don't want to
+    enable IRQs with NMIs blocked.)
 
 
 2. C-State transition