Date:   Sat, 28 Sep 2019 11:33:16 +0800
From:   Nicolas Boichat <drinkcat@...omium.org>
To:     Shik Chen <shik@...omium.org>
Cc:     Linux Media Mailing List <linux-media@...r.kernel.org>,
        Tomasz Figa <tfiga@...omium.org>, notify@...nel.org,
        Keiichi Watanabe <keiichiw@...omium.org>,
        Ricky Liang <jcliang@...omium.org>,
        Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@...nel.org>,
        Laurent Pinchart <laurent.pinchart@...asonboard.com>,
        lkml <linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org>,
        kieran.bingham@...asonboard.com, Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@...e.cz>,
        Christoph Lameter <cl@...ux.com>,
        Christoph Hellwig <hch@...radead.org>
Subject: Re: [PATCH] media: uvcvideo: Use streaming DMA APIs to transfer buffers

On Fri, Aug 2, 2019 at 9:13 PM Shik Chen <shik@...omium.org> wrote:
>
> Similar to the commit 1161db6776bd ("media: usb: pwc: Don't use coherent
> DMA buffers for ISO transfer") [1] for the pwc driver. Use streaming DMA
> APIs to transfer buffers and sync them explicitly, because accessing
> buffers allocated by usb_alloc_coherent() is slow on platforms without
> hardware coherent DMA.
>
> Tested on x86-64 (Intel Celeron 4305U) and armv7l (Rockchip RK3288) with
> Logitech Brio 4K camera at 1920x1080 using the WebRTC sample site [3].
>
> |                  |  URB (us)  | Decode (Gbps) | CPU (%) |
> |------------------|------------|---------------|---------|
> | x86-64 coherent  |  53 +-  20 |          50.6 |    0.24 |
> | x86-64 streaming |  55 +-  19 |          50.1 |    0.25 |
> | armv7l coherent  | 342 +- 379 |           1.8 |    2.16 |
> | armv7l streaming |  99 +-  98 |          11.0 |    0.36 |
>
> The performance characteristics are improved a lot on armv7l, and
> remained (almost) unchanged on x86-64. The code used for measurement can
> be found at [2].
>
> [1] https://git.kernel.org/torvalds/c/1161db6776bd
> [2] https://crrev.com/c/1729133
> [3] https://webrtc.github.io/samples/src/content/getusermedia/resolution/
>
> Signed-off-by: Shik Chen <shik@...omium.org>
> ---
> The allocated buffer could be as large as 768K when streaming 4K video.
> Ideally we should use some generic helper to allocate non-coherent
> memory in a more efficient way, such as https://lwn.net/Articles/774429/
> ("make the non-consistent DMA allocator more userful").
>
> But I cannot find any existing helper so a simple kzalloc() is used in
> this patch. The logic to figure out the DMA addressable GFP flags is
> similar to __dma_direct_alloc_pages() without the optimistic retries:
> https://elixir.bootlin.com/linux/v5.2.5/source/kernel/dma/direct.c#L96
>
>  drivers/media/usb/uvc/uvc_video.c | 65 +++++++++++++++++++++----------
>  1 file changed, 45 insertions(+), 20 deletions(-)
>
> diff --git a/drivers/media/usb/uvc/uvc_video.c b/drivers/media/usb/uvc/uvc_video.c
> index 8fa77a81dd7f2c..962c35478896c4 100644
> --- a/drivers/media/usb/uvc/uvc_video.c
> +++ b/drivers/media/usb/uvc/uvc_video.c
> @@ -1539,6 +1539,8 @@ static void uvc_video_complete(struct urb *urb)
>          * Process the URB headers, and optionally queue expensive memcpy tasks
>          * to be deferred to a work queue.
>          */
> +       dma_sync_single_for_cpu(&urb->dev->dev, urb->transfer_dma,
> +                               urb->transfer_buffer_length, DMA_FROM_DEVICE);
>         stream->decode(uvc_urb, buf, buf_meta);
>
>         /* If no async work is needed, resubmit the URB immediately. */
> @@ -1565,18 +1567,51 @@ static void uvc_free_urb_buffers(struct uvc_streaming *stream)
>                 if (!uvc_urb->buffer)
>                         continue;
>
> -#ifndef CONFIG_DMA_NONCOHERENT
> -               usb_free_coherent(stream->dev->udev, stream->urb_size,
> -                                 uvc_urb->buffer, uvc_urb->dma);
> -#else
> +               dma_unmap_single(&stream->dev->udev->dev, uvc_urb->dma,
> +                                stream->urb_size, DMA_FROM_DEVICE);
>                 kfree(uvc_urb->buffer);
> -#endif
> -               uvc_urb->buffer = NULL;
>         }
>
>         stream->urb_size = 0;
>  }
>
> +static gfp_t uvc_alloc_gfp_flags(struct device *dev)
> +{
> +       u64 mask = dma_get_mask(dev);
> +
> +       if (dev->bus_dma_mask)
> +               mask &= dev->bus_dma_mask;
> +
> +       if (mask < DMA_BIT_MASK(32) && IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_ZONE_DMA))
> +               return GFP_DMA;
> +
> +       if (mask < DMA_BIT_MASK(64)) {
> +               if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_ZONE_DMA32))
> +                       return GFP_DMA32;

We're hitting issues with this on 64-bit ARM platform, where
ZONE_DMA32 is enabled (default), the kmalloc allocation with GFP_DMA32
fails.

There is no slab cache for GFP_DMA32, so those calls are expected to
fail, AFAICT there are no other (working) kmalloc(..., .. | GFP_DMA32)
users in the kernel, so I don't think we want to add a cache. If this
helps, some discussion here why the cache wasn't added:
https://lore.kernel.org/patchwork/patch/1009563/#1198622

This function looks out of place in a high-level driver, but from your
comment above (below ---), I guess we may have to live with that until
the kernel provides a better API?

For the time being, looking at how __dma_direct_alloc_pages works,
could you use alloc_pages_node (or dma_alloc_contiguous?) instead of
kmalloc, that would let you use GFP_DMA32 as needed?

> +               if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_ZONE_DMA))
> +                       return GFP_DMA;
> +       }
> +
> +       return 0;
> +}
> +
> +static char *uvc_alloc_urb_buffer(struct device *dev, size_t size,
> +                                 gfp_t gfp_flags, dma_addr_t *dma_handle)
> +{
> +       void *buffer = kzalloc(size, gfp_flags | uvc_alloc_gfp_flags(dev));
> +
> +       if (!buffer)
> +               return NULL;
> +
> +       *dma_handle = dma_map_single(dev, buffer, size, DMA_FROM_DEVICE);
> +       if (dma_mapping_error(dev, *dma_handle)) {
> +               kfree(buffer);
> +               return NULL;
> +       }
> +
> +       return buffer;
> +}
> +
>  /*
>   * Allocate transfer buffers. This function can be called with buffers
>   * already allocated when resuming from suspend, in which case it will
> @@ -1607,18 +1642,14 @@ static int uvc_alloc_urb_buffers(struct uvc_streaming *stream,
>
>         /* Retry allocations until one succeed. */
>         for (; npackets > 1; npackets /= 2) {
> +               stream->urb_size = psize * npackets;
> +
>                 for (i = 0; i < UVC_URBS; ++i) {
>                         struct uvc_urb *uvc_urb = &stream->uvc_urb[i];
>
> -                       stream->urb_size = psize * npackets;
> -#ifndef CONFIG_DMA_NONCOHERENT
> -                       uvc_urb->buffer = usb_alloc_coherent(
> -                               stream->dev->udev, stream->urb_size,
> +                       uvc_urb->buffer = uvc_alloc_urb_buffer(
> +                               &stream->dev->udev->dev, stream->urb_size,
>                                 gfp_flags | __GFP_NOWARN, &uvc_urb->dma);
> -#else
> -                       uvc_urb->buffer =
> -                           kmalloc(stream->urb_size, gfp_flags | __GFP_NOWARN);
> -#endif
>                         if (!uvc_urb->buffer) {
>                                 uvc_free_urb_buffers(stream);
>                                 break;
> @@ -1728,12 +1759,8 @@ static int uvc_init_video_isoc(struct uvc_streaming *stream,
>                 urb->context = uvc_urb;
>                 urb->pipe = usb_rcvisocpipe(stream->dev->udev,
>                                 ep->desc.bEndpointAddress);
> -#ifndef CONFIG_DMA_NONCOHERENT
>                 urb->transfer_flags = URB_ISO_ASAP | URB_NO_TRANSFER_DMA_MAP;
>                 urb->transfer_dma = uvc_urb->dma;
> -#else
> -               urb->transfer_flags = URB_ISO_ASAP;
> -#endif
>                 urb->interval = ep->desc.bInterval;
>                 urb->transfer_buffer = uvc_urb->buffer;
>                 urb->complete = uvc_video_complete;
> @@ -1793,10 +1820,8 @@ static int uvc_init_video_bulk(struct uvc_streaming *stream,
>
>                 usb_fill_bulk_urb(urb, stream->dev->udev, pipe, uvc_urb->buffer,
>                                   size, uvc_video_complete, uvc_urb);
> -#ifndef CONFIG_DMA_NONCOHERENT
>                 urb->transfer_flags = URB_NO_TRANSFER_DMA_MAP;
>                 urb->transfer_dma = uvc_urb->dma;
> -#endif
>
>                 uvc_urb->urb = urb;
>         }
> --
> 2.22.0.770.g0f2c4a37fd-goog
>

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