Date:   Thu, 3 Oct 2019 10:42:45 +0100
From:   Robin Murphy <robin.murphy@....com>
To:     Kees Cook <keescook@...omium.org>
Cc:     Christoph Hellwig <hch@....de>, Laura Abbott <labbott@...hat.com>,
        Marek Szyprowski <m.szyprowski@...sung.com>,
        Jesper Dangaard Brouer <brouer@...hat.com>,
        Allison Randal <allison@...utok.net>,
        Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@...uxfoundation.org>,
        Thomas Gleixner <tglx@...utronix.de>,
        Stephen Boyd <swboyd@...omium.org>,
        Dan Carpenter <dan.carpenter@...cle.com>,
        Semmle Security Reports <security-reports@...mle.com>,
        iommu@...ts.linux-foundation.org, linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org
Subject: Re: [PATCH] dma-mapping: Lift address space checks out of debug code

On 03/10/2019 00:58, Kees Cook wrote:
> On Wed, Oct 02, 2019 at 10:15:43PM +0100, Robin Murphy wrote:
>> Hi Kees,
>>
>> On 2019-10-02 9:46 pm, Kees Cook wrote:
>>> As we've seen from USB and other areas, we need to always do runtime
>>> checks for DMA operating on memory regions that might be remapped. This
>>> consolidates the (existing!) checks and makes them on by default. A
>>> warning will be triggered for any drivers still using DMA on the stack
>>> (as has been seen in a few recent reports).
>>>
>>> Suggested-by: Laura Abbott <labbott@...hat.com>
>>> Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@...omium.org>
>>> ---
>>>    include/linux/dma-debug.h   |  8 --------
>>>    include/linux/dma-mapping.h |  8 +++++++-
>>>    kernel/dma/debug.c          | 16 ----------------
>>>    3 files changed, 7 insertions(+), 25 deletions(-)
>>>
>>> diff --git a/include/linux/dma-debug.h b/include/linux/dma-debug.h
>>> index 4208f94d93f7..2af9765d9af7 100644
>>> --- a/include/linux/dma-debug.h
>>> +++ b/include/linux/dma-debug.h
>>> @@ -18,9 +18,6 @@ struct bus_type;
>>>    extern void dma_debug_add_bus(struct bus_type *bus);
>>> -extern void debug_dma_map_single(struct device *dev, const void *addr,
>>> -				 unsigned long len);
>>> -
>>>    extern void debug_dma_map_page(struct device *dev, struct page *page,
>>>    			       size_t offset, size_t size,
>>>    			       int direction, dma_addr_t dma_addr);
>>> @@ -75,11 +72,6 @@ static inline void dma_debug_add_bus(struct bus_type *bus)
>>>    {
>>>    }
>>> -static inline void debug_dma_map_single(struct device *dev, const void *addr,
>>> -					unsigned long len)
>>> -{
>>> -}
>>> -
>>>    static inline void debug_dma_map_page(struct device *dev, struct page *page,
>>>    				      size_t offset, size_t size,
>>>    				      int direction, dma_addr_t dma_addr)
>>> diff --git a/include/linux/dma-mapping.h b/include/linux/dma-mapping.h
>>> index 4a1c4fca475a..2d6b8382eab1 100644
>>> --- a/include/linux/dma-mapping.h
>>> +++ b/include/linux/dma-mapping.h
>>> @@ -583,7 +583,13 @@ static inline unsigned long dma_get_merge_boundary(struct device *dev)
>>>    static inline dma_addr_t dma_map_single_attrs(struct device *dev, void *ptr,
>>>    		size_t size, enum dma_data_direction dir, unsigned long attrs)
>>>    {
>>> -	debug_dma_map_single(dev, ptr, size);
>>> +	/* DMA must never operate on stack or other remappable places. */
>>> +	WARN_ONCE(is_vmalloc_addr(ptr) || !virt_addr_valid(ptr),
>>
>> This stands to absolutely cripple I/O performance on arm64, because every
>> valid call will end up going off and scanning the memblock list, which is
>> not something we want on a fastpath in non-debug configurations. We'd need a
>> much better solution to the "pfn_valid() vs. EFI no-map" problem before this
>> might be viable.
> 
> Ah! Interesting. I didn't realize this was fast-path (I don't know the
> DMA code at all). I thought it was more of a "one time setup" before
> actual DMA activity started.

That's strictly true, it's just that many workloads can involve tens of 
thousands of "one time"s per second ;)

Overhead on the dma_map_* paths has shown to have a direct impact on 
throughput in such situations, hence various optimisation effort in IOVA 
allocation for IOMMU-based DMA ops, and the recent work to remove 
indirect calls entirely for the common dma-direct/SWIOTLB cases.

> Regardless, is_vmalloc_addr() is extremely light (a bounds check), and is the
> most important part of this as far as catching stack-based DMA attempts.
> I thought virt_addr_valid() was cheap too, but I see it's much heavier on
> arm64.
> 
> I just went to compare what the existing USB check does, and it happens
> immediately before its call to dma_map_single(). Both checks are simple
> bounds checks, so it shouldn't be an issue:
> 
> 			if (is_vmalloc_addr(urb->setup_packet)) {
> 				WARN_ONCE(1, "setup packet is not dma capable\n");
> 				return -EAGAIN;
> 			} else if (object_is_on_stack(urb->setup_packet)) {
> 				WARN_ONCE(1, "setup packet is on stack\n");
> 				return -EAGAIN;
> 			}
> 
> 			urb->setup_dma = dma_map_single(
> 					hcd->self.sysdev,
> 					urb->setup_packet,
> 					sizeof(struct usb_ctrlrequest),
> 
> 
> In the USB case, it'll actually refuse to do the operation. Should
> dma_map_single() similarly fail? I could push these checks down into
> dma_map_single(), which would be a no-change on behavior for USB and
> gain the checks on all other callers...

I think it would be reasonable to pull the is_vmalloc_addr() check 
inline, as that probably covers 90+% of badness (especially given 
vmapped stacks), and as you say should be reliably cheap everywhere. 
Callers are certainly expected to use dma_mapping_error() and handle 
failure, so refusing to do a bogus mapping operation should be OK 
API-wise - ultimately if a driver goes ahead and uses DMA_MAPPING_ERROR 
as an address anyway, that's not likely to be any *more* catastrophic 
than if it did the same with whatever nonsense virt_to_phys() of a 
vmalloc address had returned.

Robin.

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