Message-Id: <20191202202815.22731-2-daniel.lezcano@linaro.org>
Date:   Mon,  2 Dec 2019 21:28:13 +0100
From:   Daniel Lezcano <daniel.lezcano@...aro.org>
To:     viresh.kumar@...aro.org, rui.zhang@...el.com
Cc:     rjw@...ysocki.net, edubezval@...il.com, linux-pm@...r.kernel.org,
        amit.kucheria@...aro.org, linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org
Subject: [PATCH V2 2/4] thermal/drivers/cpu_cooling: Add idle cooling device documentation

Provide some documentation for the idle injection cooling effect in
order to let people to understand the rational of the approach for the
idle injection CPU cooling device.

Signed-off-by: Daniel Lezcano <daniel.lezcano@...aro.org>
---
 .../driver-api/thermal/cpu-idle-cooling.rst   | 166 ++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 166 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 Documentation/driver-api/thermal/cpu-idle-cooling.rst

diff --git a/Documentation/driver-api/thermal/cpu-idle-cooling.rst b/Documentation/driver-api/thermal/cpu-idle-cooling.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..457cd9979ddb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/driver-api/thermal/cpu-idle-cooling.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,166 @@
+
+Situation:
+----------
+
+Under certain circumstances a SoC can reach the maximum temperature
+limit or is unable to stabilize the temperature around a temperature
+control. When the SoC has to stabilize the temperature, the kernel can
+act on a cooling device to mitigate the dissipated power. When the
+maximum temperature is reached and to prevent a reboot or a shutdown,
+a decision must be taken to reduce the temperature under the critical
+threshold, that impacts the performance.
+
+Another situation is when the silicon reaches a certain temperature
+which continues to increase even if the dynamic leakage is reduced to
+its minimum by clock gating the component. The runaway phenomena will
+continue with the static leakage and only powering down the component,
+thus dropping the dynamic and static leakage will allow the component
+to cool down.
+
+Last but not least, the system can ask for a specific power budget but
+because of the OPP density, we can only choose an OPP with a power
+budget lower than the requested one and underuse the CPU, thus losing
+performances. In other words, one OPP under uses the CPU with a power
+lesser than the power budget and the next OPP exceed the power budget,
+an intermediate OPP could have been used if it were present.
+
+Solutions:
+----------
+
+If we can remove the static and the dynamic leakage for a specific
+duration in a controlled period, the SoC temperature will
+decrease. Acting at the idle state duration or the idle cycle
+injection period, we can mitigate the temperature by modulating the
+power budget.
+
+The Operating Performance Point (OPP) density has a great influence on
+the control precision of cpufreq, however different vendors have a
+plethora of OPP density, and some have large power gap between OPPs,
+that will result in loss of performance during thermal control and
+loss of power in other scenes.
+
+At a specific OPP, we can assume injecting idle cycle on all CPUs,
+belonging to the same cluster, with a duration greater than the
+cluster idle state target residency, we drop the static and the
+dynamic leakage for this period (modulo the energy needed to enter
+this state). So the sustainable power with idle cycles has a linear
+relation with the OPP’s sustainable power and can be computed with a
+coefficient similar to:
+
+	    Power(IdleCycle) = Coef x Power(OPP)
+
+Idle Injection:
+---------------
+
+The base concept of the idle injection is to force the CPU to go to an
+idle state for a specified time each control cycle, it provides
+another way to control CPU power and heat in addition to
+cpufreq. Ideally, if all CPUs belonging to the same cluster, inject
+their idle cycle synchronously, the cluster can reach its power down
+state with a minimum power consumption and static leakage
+drop. However, these idle cycles injection will add extra latencies as
+the CPUs will have to wakeup from a deep sleep state.
+
+     ^
+     |
+     |
+     |-------       -------       -------
+     |_______|_____|_______|_____|_______|___________
+
+      <----->
+       idle  <---->
+              running
+
+With the fixed idle injection duration, we can give a value which is
+an acceptable performance drop off or latency when we reach a specific
+temperature and we begin to mitigate by varying the Idle injection
+period.
+
+The mitigation begins with a maximum period value which decrease when
+more cooling effect is requested. When the period duration is equal to
+the idle duration, then we are in a situation the platform can’t
+dissipate the heat enough and the mitigation fails. In this case the
+situation is considered critical and there is nothing to do. The idle
+injection duration must be changed by configuration and until we reach
+the cooling effect, otherwise an additionnal cooling device must be
+used or ultimately decrease the SoC performance by dropping the
+highest OPP point of the SoC.
+
+The idle injection duration value must comply with the constraints:
+
+- It is lesser or equal to the latency we tolerate when the mitigation
+  begins. It is platform dependent and will depend on the user
+  experience, reactivity vs performance trade off we want. This value
+  should be specified.
+
+- It is greater than the idle state’s target residency we want to go
+  for thermal mitigation, otherwise we end up consuming more energy.
+
+Minimum period
+--------------
+
+The idle injection duration being fixed, it is obvious the minimum
+period can’t be lesser than that, otherwise we will be scheduling the
+idle injection task right before the idle injection duration is
+complete, so waking up the CPU to put it asleep again.
+
+Maximum period
+--------------
+
+The maximum period is the initial period when the mitigation
+begins. Theoretically when we reach the thermal trip point, we have to
+sustain a specified power for specific temperature but at this time we
+consume:
+
+ Power = Capacitance x Voltage^2 x Frequency x Utilisation
+
+... which is more than the sustainable power (or there is something
+wrong on the system setup). The ‘Capacitance’ and ‘Utilisation’ are a
+fixed value, ‘Voltage’ and the ‘Frequency’ are fixed artificially
+because we don’t want to change the OPP. We can group the
+‘Capacitance’ and the ‘Utilisation’ into a single term which is the
+‘Dynamic Power Coefficient (Cdyn)’ Simplifying the above, we have:
+
+ Pdyn = Cdyn x Voltage^2 x Frequency
+
+The IPA will ask us somehow to reduce our power in order to target the
+sustainable power defined in the device tree. So with the idle
+injection mechanism, we want an average power (Ptarget) resulting on
+an amount of time running at full power on a specific OPP and idle
+another amount of time. That could be put in a equation:
+
+ P(opp)target = ((trunning x (P(opp)running) + (tidle P(opp)idle)) /
+			(trunning + tidle)
+  ...
+
+ tidle = trunning x ((P(opp)running / P(opp)target) - 1)
+
+At this point if we know the running period for the CPU, that gives us
+the idle injection, we need. Alternatively if we have the idle
+injection duration, we can compute the running duration with:
+
+ trunning = tidle / ((P(opp)running / P(opp)target) - 1)
+
+Practically, if the running power is lesses than the targeted power,
+we end up with a negative time value, so obviously the equation usage
+is bound to a power reduction, hence a higher OPP is needed to have
+the running power greater than the targeted power.
+
+However, in this demonstration we ignore three aspects:
+
+ * The static leakage is not defined here, we can introduce it in the
+   equation but assuming it will be zero most of the time as it is
+   difficult to get the values from the SoC vendors
+
+ * The idle state wake up latency (or entry + exit latency) is not
+   taken into account, it must be added in the equation in order to
+   rigorously compute the idle injection
+
+ * The injected idle duration must be greater than the idle state
+   target residency, otherwise we end up consuming more energy and
+   potentially invert the mitigation effect
+
+So the final equation is:
+
+ trunning = (tidle - twakeup ) x
+		(((P(opp)dyn + P(opp)static ) - P(opp)target) / P(opp)target )
-- 
2.17.1

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