Date:   Thu, 23 Jan 2020 09:41:42 -0700
From:   Jeffrey Hugo <jhugo@...eaurora.org>
To:     Manivannan Sadhasivam <manivannan.sadhasivam@...aro.org>,
        gregkh@...uxfoundation.org, arnd@...db.de
Cc:     smohanad@...eaurora.org, kvalo@...eaurora.org,
        bjorn.andersson@...aro.org, hemantk@...eaurora.org,
        linux-arm-msm@...r.kernel.org, linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org,
        Jonathan Corbet <corbet@....net>, linux-doc@...r.kernel.org
Subject: Re: [PATCH 01/16] docs: Add documentation for MHI bus

On 1/23/2020 4:18 AM, Manivannan Sadhasivam wrote:
> MHI (Modem Host Interface) is a communication protocol used by the
> host processors to control and communicate with modems over a high
> speed peripheral bus or shared memory. The MHI protocol has been
> designed and developed by Qualcomm Innovation Center, Inc., for use
> in their modems. This commit adds the documentation for the bus and
> the implementation in Linux kernel.
> 
> This is based on the patch submitted by Sujeev Dias:
> https://lkml.org/lkml/2018/7/9/987
> 
> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@....net>
> Cc: linux-doc@...r.kernel.org
> Signed-off-by: Sujeev Dias <sdias@...eaurora.org>
> Signed-off-by: Siddartha Mohanadoss <smohanad@...eaurora.org>
> [mani: converted to .rst and splitted the patch]
> Signed-off-by: Manivannan Sadhasivam <manivannan.sadhasivam@...aro.org>
> ---
>   Documentation/index.rst        |   1 +
>   Documentation/mhi/index.rst    |  18 +++
>   Documentation/mhi/mhi.rst      | 218 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
>   Documentation/mhi/topology.rst |  60 +++++++++
>   4 files changed, 297 insertions(+)
>   create mode 100644 Documentation/mhi/index.rst
>   create mode 100644 Documentation/mhi/mhi.rst
>   create mode 100644 Documentation/mhi/topology.rst
> 
> diff --git a/Documentation/index.rst b/Documentation/index.rst
> index e99d0bd2589d..edc9b211bbff 100644
> --- a/Documentation/index.rst
> +++ b/Documentation/index.rst
> @@ -133,6 +133,7 @@ needed).
>      misc-devices/index
>      mic/index
>      scheduler/index
> +   mhi/index
>   
>   Architecture-agnostic documentation
>   -----------------------------------
> diff --git a/Documentation/mhi/index.rst b/Documentation/mhi/index.rst
> new file mode 100644
> index 000000000000..1d8dec302780
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/Documentation/mhi/index.rst
> @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
> +.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
> +
> +===
> +MHI
> +===
> +
> +.. toctree::
> +   :maxdepth: 1
> +
> +   mhi
> +   topology
> +
> +.. only::  subproject and html
> +
> +   Indices
> +   =======
> +
> +   * :ref:`genindex`
> diff --git a/Documentation/mhi/mhi.rst b/Documentation/mhi/mhi.rst
> new file mode 100644
> index 000000000000..718dbbdc7a04
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/Documentation/mhi/mhi.rst
> @@ -0,0 +1,218 @@
> +.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
> +
> +==========================
> +MHI (Modem Host Interface)
> +==========================
> +
> +This document provides information about the MHI protocol.
> +
> +Overview
> +========
> +
> +MHI is a protocol developed by Qualcomm Innovation Center, Inc., It is used

The "," suggests the sentence is going to continue, yet "it" has a 
capitol "I" like its the start of a new sentence.  This seems wrong to 
me.  Perhaps drop that final comma?

> +by the host processors to control and communicate with modem devices over high
> +speed peripheral buses or shared memory. Even though MHI can be easily adapted
> +to any peripheral buses, it is primarily used with PCIe based devices. MHI
> +provides logical channels over the physical buses and allows transporting the
> +modem protocols, such as IP data packets, modem control messages, and
> +diagnostics over at least one of those logical channels. Also, the MHI
> +protocol provides data acknowledgment feature and manages the power state of the
> +modems via one or more logical channels.
> +
> +MHI Internals
> +=============
> +
> +MMIO
> +----
> +
> +MMIO (Memory mapped IO) consists of a set of registers in the device hardware,
> +which are mapped to the host memory space by the peripheral buses like PCIe.
> +Following are the major components of MMIO register space:
> +
> +MHI control registers: Access to MHI configurations registers
> +
> +MHI BHI registers: BHI (Boot Host Interface) registers are used by the host
> +for downloading the firmware to the device before MHI initialization.
> +
> +Channel Doorbell array: Channel Doorbell (DB) registers used by the host to
> +notify the device when there is new work to do.
> +
> +Event Doorbell array: Associated with event context array, the Event Doorbell
> +(DB) registers are used by the host to notify the device when new events are
> +available.
> +
> +Debug registers: A set of registers and counters used by the device to expose
> +debugging information like performance, functional, and stability to the host.
> +
> +Data structures
> +---------------
> +
> +All data structures used by MHI are in the host system memory. Using the
> +physical interface, the device accesses those data structures. MHI data
> +structures and data buffers in the host system memory regions are mapped for
> +the device.
> +
> +Channel context array: All channel configurations are organized in channel
> +context data array.
> +
> +Transfer rings: Used by the host to schedule work items for a channel. The
> +transfer rings are organized as a circular queue of Transfer Descriptors (TD).
> +
> +Event context array: All event configurations are organized in the event context
> +data array.
> +
> +Event rings: Used by the device to send completion and state transition messages
> +to the host
> +
> +Command context array: All command configurations are organized in command
> +context data array.
> +
> +Command rings: Used by the host to send MHI commands to the device. The command
> +rings are organized as a circular queue of Command Descriptors (CD).
> +
> +Channels
> +--------
> +
> +MHI channels are logical, unidirectional data pipes between a host and a device.
> +The concept of channels in MHI is similar to endpoints in USB. MHI supports up
> +to 256 channels. However, specific device implementations may support less than
> +the maximum number of channels allowed.
> +
> +Two unidirectional channels with their associated transfer rings form a
> +bidirectional data pipe, which can be used by the upper-layer protocols to
> +transport application data packets (such as IP packets, modem control messages,
> +diagnostics messages, and so on). Each channel is associated with a single
> +transfer ring.
> +
> +Transfer rings
> +--------------
> +
> +Transfers between the host and device are organized by channels and defined by
> +Transfer Descriptors (TD). TDs are managed through transfer rings, which are
> +defined for each channel between the device and host and reside in the host
> +memory. TDs consist of one or more ring elements (or transfer blocks)::
> +
> +        [Read Pointer (RP)] ----------->[Ring Element] } TD
> +        [Write Pointer (WP)]-           [Ring Element]
> +                             -          [Ring Element]
> +                              --------->[Ring Element]
> +                                        [Ring Element]
> +
> +Below is the basic usage of transfer rings:
> +
> +* Host allocates memory for transfer ring.
> +* Host sets the base pointer, read pointer, and write pointer in corresponding
> +  channel context.
> +* Ring is considered empty when RP == WP.
> +* Ring is considered full when WP + 1 == RP.
> +* RP indicates the next element to be serviced by the device.
> +* When the host has a new buffer to send, it updates the ring element with
> +  buffer information, increments the WP to the next element and rings the
> +  associated channel DB.
> +
> +Event rings
> +-----------
> +
> +Events from the device to host are organized in event rings and defined by Event
> +Descriptors (ED). Event rings are used by the device to report events such as
> +data transfer completion status, command completion status, and state changes
> +to the host. Event rings are the array of EDs that resides in the host
> +memory. EDs consist of one or more ring elements (or transfer blocks)::
> +
> +        [Read Pointer (RP)] ----------->[Ring Element] } ED
> +        [Write Pointer (WP)]-           [Ring Element]
> +                             -          [Ring Element]
> +                              --------->[Ring Element]
> +                                        [Ring Element]
> +
> +Below is the basic usage of event rings:
> +
> +* Host allocates memory for event ring.
> +* Host sets the base pointer, read pointer, and write pointer in corresponding
> +  channel context.
> +* Both host and device has a local copy of RP, WP.
> +* Ring is considered empty (no events to service) when WP + 1 == RP.
> +* Ring is considered full of events when RP == WP.
> +* When there is a new event the device needs to send, the device updates ED
> +  pointed by RP, increments the RP to the next element and triggers the
> +  interrupt.
> +
> +Ring Element
> +------------
> +
> +A Ring Element is a data structure used to transfer a single block
> +of data between the host and the device. Transfer ring element types contain a
> +single buffer pointer, the size of the buffer, and additional control
> +information. Other ring element types may only contain control and status
> +information. For single buffer operations, a ring descriptor is composed of a
> +single element. For large multi-buffer operations (such as scatter and gather),
> +elements can be chained to form a longer descriptor.
> +
> +MHI Operations
> +==============
> +
> +MHI States
> +----------
> +
> +MHI_STATE_RESET
> +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
> +MHI is in reset state after power-up or hardware reset. The host is not allowed
> +to access device MMIO register space.
> +
> +MHI_STATE_READY
> +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
> +MHI is ready for initialization. The host can start MHI initialization by
> +programming MMIO registers.
> +
> +MHI_STATE_M0
> +~~~~~~~~~~~~
> +MHI is running and operational in the device. The host can start channels by
> +issuing channel start command.
> +
> +MHI_STATE_M1
> +~~~~~~~~~~~~
> +MHI operation is suspended by the device. This state is entered when the
> +device detects inactivity at the physical interface within a preset time.
> +
> +MHI_STATE_M2
> +~~~~~~~~~~~~
> +MHI is in low power state. MHI operation is suspended and the device may
> +enter lower power mode.
> +
> +MHI_STATE_M3
> +~~~~~~~~~~~~
> +MHI operation stopped by the host. This state is entered when the host suspends
> +MHI operation.
> +
> +MHI Initialization
> +------------------
> +
> +After system boots, the device is enumerated over the physical interface.
> +In the case of PCIe, the device is enumerated and assigned BAR-0 for
> +the device's MMIO register space. To initialize the MHI in a device,
> +the host performs the following operations:
> +
> +* Allocates the MHI context for event, channel and command arrays.
> +* Initializes the context array, and prepares interrupts.
> +* Waits until the device enters READY state.
> +* Programs MHI MMIO registers and sets device into MHI_M0 state.
> +* Waits for the device to enter M0 state.
> +
> +MHI Data Transfer
> +-----------------
> +
> +MHI data transfer is initiated by the host to transfer data to the device.
> +Following are the sequence of operations performed by the host to transfer
> +data to device:
> +
> +* Host prepares TD with buffer information.
> +* Host increments the WP of the corresponding channel transfer ring.
> +* Host rings the channel DB register.
> +* Device wakes up to process the TD.
> +* Device generates a completion event for the processed TD by updating ED.
> +* Device increments the RP of the corresponding event ring.
> +* Device triggers IRQ to wake up the host.
> +* Host wakes up and checks the event ring for completion event.
> +* Host updates the WP of the corresponding event ring to indicate that the
> +  data transfer has been completed successfully.
> +
> diff --git a/Documentation/mhi/topology.rst b/Documentation/mhi/topology.rst
> new file mode 100644
> index 000000000000..90d80a7f116d
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/Documentation/mhi/topology.rst
> @@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
> +.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
> +
> +============
> +MHI Topology
> +============
> +
> +This document provides information about the MHI topology modeling and
> +representation in the kernel.
> +
> +MHI Controller
> +--------------
> +
> +MHI controller driver manages the interaction with the MHI client devices
> +such as the external modems and WiFi chipsets. It is also the MHI bus master
> +which is in charge of managing the physical link between the host and device.
> +It is however not involved in the actual data transfer as the data transfer
> +is taken care by the physical bus such as PCIe. Each controller driver exposes
> +channels and events based on the client device type.
> +
> +Below are the roles of the MHI controller driver:
> +
> +* Turns on the physical bus and establishes the link to the device
> +* Configures IRQs, SMMU, and IOMEM

I'd recommend changing SMMU to IOMMU.  SMMU tends to be an ARM specific 
term, while IOMMU is the generic term, in my experience.

> +* Allocates struct mhi_controller and registers with the MHI bus framework
> +  with channel and event configurations using mhi_register_controller.
> +* Initiates power on and shutdown sequence
> +* Initiates suspend and resume power management operations of the device.
> +
> +MHI Device
> +----------
> +
> +MHI device is the logical device which binds to a maximum of two MHI channels
> +for bi-directional communication. Once MHI is in powered on state, the MHI
> +core will create MHI devices based on the channel configuration exposed
> +by the controller. There can be a single MHI device for each channel or for a
> +couple of channels.
> +
> +Each supported device is enumerated in::
> +
> +        /sys/bus/mhi/devices/
> +
> +MHI Driver
> +----------
> +
> +MHI driver is the client driver which binds to one or more MHI devices. The MHI
> +driver sends and receives the upper-layer protocol packets like IP packets,
> +modem control messages, and diagnostics messages over MHI. The MHI core will
> +bind the MHI devices to the MHI driver.
> +
> +Each supported driver is enumerated in::
> +
> +        /sys/bus/mhi/drivers/
> +
> +Below are the roles of the MHI driver:
> +
> +* Registers the driver with the MHI bus framework using mhi_driver_register.
> +* Prepares the device for transfer by calling mhi_prepare_for_transfer.
> +* Initiates data transfer by calling mhi_queue_transfer.
> +* Once the data transfer is finished, calls mhi_unprepare_from_transfer to
> +  end data transfer.
> 


-- 
Jeffrey Hugo
Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. is a member of the
Code Aurora Forum, a Linux Foundation Collaborative Project.

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