Date:   Tue, 10 Mar 2020 10:25:59 -0700
From:   Roman Gushchin <guro@...com>
To:     Michal Hocko <mhocko@...nel.org>
CC:     Andrew Morton <akpm@...ux-foundation.org>,
        Johannes Weiner <hannes@...xchg.org>, <linux-mm@...ck.org>,
        <kernel-team@...com>, <linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org>,
        Rik van Riel <riel@...riel.com>,
        Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@...cle.com>
Subject: Re: [PATCH v2] mm: hugetlb: optionally allocate gigantic hugepages
 using cma

Hello, Michal!

On Tue, Mar 10, 2020 at 09:45:44AM +0100, Michal Hocko wrote:
> [Cc Mike as hugetlb maintainer and keeping the full context for his
> reference]

Thanks!

> 
> On Mon 09-03-20 17:25:24, Roman Gushchin wrote:
> > Commit 944d9fec8d7a ("hugetlb: add support for gigantic page allocation
> > at runtime") has added the run-time allocation of gigantic pages. However
> > it actually works only at early stages of the system loading, when
> > the majority of memory is free. After some time the memory gets
> > fragmented by non-movable pages, so the chances to find a contiguous
> > 1 GB block are getting close to zero. Even dropping caches manually
> > doesn't help a lot.
> > 
> > At large scale rebooting servers in order to allocate gigantic hugepages
> > is quite expensive and complex. At the same time keeping some constant
> > percentage of memory in reserved hugepages even if the workload isn't
> > using it is a big waste: not all workloads can benefit from using 1 GB
> > pages.
> > 
> > The following solution can solve the problem:
> > 1) On boot time a dedicated cma area* is reserved. The size is passed
> >    as a kernel argument.
> > 2) Run-time allocations of gigantic hugepages are performed using the
> >    cma allocator and the dedicated cma area
> > 
> > In this case gigantic hugepages can be allocated successfully with a
> > high probability, however the memory isn't completely wasted if nobody
> > is using 1GB hugepages: it can be used for pagecache, anon memory,
> > THPs, etc.
> > 
> > * On a multi-node machine a per-node cma area is allocated on each node.
> >   Following gigantic hugetlb allocation are using the first available
> >   numa node if the mask isn't specified by a user.
> > 
> > Usage:
> > 1) configure the kernel to allocate a cma area for hugetlb allocations:
> >    pass hugetlb_cma=10G as a kernel argument
> > 
> > 2) allocate hugetlb pages as usual, e.g.
> >    echo 10 > /sys/kernel/mm/hugepages/hugepages-1048576kB/nr_hugepages
> > 
> > If the option isn't enabled or the allocation of the cma area failed,
> > the current behavior of the system is preserved.
> > 
> > Only x86 is covered by this patch, but it's trivial to extend it to
> > cover other architectures as well.
> 
> Overall idea makes sense to me. I am worried about the configuration
> side of the thing. Not only I would stick with the absolute size for now
> for simplicity and because percentage usecase is not really explained
> anywhere. I am also worried about the resulting memory layout you will
> get when using the parameter.

Thanks! I agree, we can drop the percentage configuration for the simplicity.

> 
> Let's scroll down to the setup code ...
> 
> > v2: fixed !CONFIG_CMA build, suggested by Andrew Morton
> > 
> > Signed-off-by: Roman Gushchin <guro@...com>
> > ---
> >  .../admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt         |   7 ++
> >  arch/x86/kernel/setup.c                       |   3 +
> >  include/linux/hugetlb.h                       |   2 +
> >  mm/hugetlb.c                                  | 115 ++++++++++++++++++
> >  4 files changed, 127 insertions(+)
> > 
> > diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt b/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt
> > index 0c9894247015..d3349ec1dbef 100644
> > --- a/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt
> > +++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt
> > @@ -1452,6 +1452,13 @@
> >  	hpet_mmap=	[X86, HPET_MMAP] Allow userspace to mmap HPET
> >  			registers.  Default set by CONFIG_HPET_MMAP_DEFAULT.
> >  
> > +	hugetlb_cma=	[x86-64] The size of a cma area used for allocation
> > +			of gigantic hugepages.
> > +			Format: nn[GTPE] | nn%
> > +
> > +			If enabled, boot-time allocation of gigantic hugepages
> > +			is skipped.
> > +
> >  	hugepages=	[HW,X86-32,IA-64] HugeTLB pages to allocate at boot.
> >  	hugepagesz=	[HW,IA-64,PPC,X86-64] The size of the HugeTLB pages.
> >  			On x86-64 and powerpc, this option can be specified
> > diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/setup.c b/arch/x86/kernel/setup.c
> > index a74262c71484..ceeb06ddfd41 100644
> > --- a/arch/x86/kernel/setup.c
> > +++ b/arch/x86/kernel/setup.c
> > @@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
> >  #include <linux/pci.h>
> >  #include <linux/root_dev.h>
> >  #include <linux/sfi.h>
> > +#include <linux/hugetlb.h>
> >  #include <linux/tboot.h>
> >  #include <linux/usb/xhci-dbgp.h>
> >  
> > @@ -1158,6 +1159,8 @@ void __init setup_arch(char **cmdline_p)
> >  	initmem_init();
> >  	dma_contiguous_reserve(max_pfn_mapped << PAGE_SHIFT);
> >  
> > +	hugetlb_cma_reserve();
> > +
> >  	/*
> >  	 * Reserve memory for crash kernel after SRAT is parsed so that it
> >  	 * won't consume hotpluggable memory.
> > diff --git a/include/linux/hugetlb.h b/include/linux/hugetlb.h
> > index 50480d16bd33..50050c981ab9 100644
> > --- a/include/linux/hugetlb.h
> > +++ b/include/linux/hugetlb.h
> > @@ -157,6 +157,8 @@ pte_t *huge_pmd_share(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long addr, pud_t *pud);
> >  extern int sysctl_hugetlb_shm_group;
> >  extern struct list_head huge_boot_pages;
> >  
> > +extern void __init hugetlb_cma_reserve(void);
> > +
> >  /* arch callbacks */
> >  
> >  pte_t *huge_pte_alloc(struct mm_struct *mm,
> > diff --git a/mm/hugetlb.c b/mm/hugetlb.c
> > index 7fb31750e670..c6f58bab879c 100644
> > --- a/mm/hugetlb.c
> > +++ b/mm/hugetlb.c
> > @@ -28,6 +28,7 @@
> >  #include <linux/jhash.h>
> >  #include <linux/numa.h>
> >  #include <linux/llist.h>
> > +#include <linux/cma.h>
> >  
> >  #include <asm/page.h>
> >  #include <asm/pgtable.h>
> > @@ -44,6 +45,9 @@
> >  int hugetlb_max_hstate __read_mostly;
> >  unsigned int default_hstate_idx;
> >  struct hstate hstates[HUGE_MAX_HSTATE];
> > +
> > +static struct cma *hugetlb_cma[MAX_NUMNODES];
> > +
> >  /*
> >   * Minimum page order among possible hugepage sizes, set to a proper value
> >   * at boot time.
> > @@ -1228,6 +1232,11 @@ static void destroy_compound_gigantic_page(struct page *page,
> >  
> >  static void free_gigantic_page(struct page *page, unsigned int order)
> >  {
> > +	if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_CMA) && hugetlb_cma[0]) {
> > +		cma_release(hugetlb_cma[page_to_nid(page)], page, 1 << order);
> > +		return;
> > +	}
> > +
> >  	free_contig_range(page_to_pfn(page), 1 << order);
> >  }
> >  
> > @@ -1237,6 +1246,23 @@ static struct page *alloc_gigantic_page(struct hstate *h, gfp_t gfp_mask,
> >  {
> >  	unsigned long nr_pages = 1UL << huge_page_order(h);
> >  
> > +	if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_CMA) && hugetlb_cma[0]) {
> > +		struct page *page;
> > +		int nid;
> > +
> > +		for_each_node_mask(nid, *nodemask) {
> > +			if (!hugetlb_cma[nid])
> > +				break;
> > +
> > +			page = cma_alloc(hugetlb_cma[nid], nr_pages,
> > +					 huge_page_order(h), true);
> > +			if (page)
> > +				return page;
> > +		}
> > +
> > +		return NULL;
> > +	}
> > +
> >  	return alloc_contig_pages(nr_pages, gfp_mask, nid, nodemask);
> >  }
> >  
> > @@ -2439,6 +2465,10 @@ static void __init hugetlb_hstate_alloc_pages(struct hstate *h)
> >  
> >  	for (i = 0; i < h->max_huge_pages; ++i) {
> >  		if (hstate_is_gigantic(h)) {
> > +			if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_CMA) && hugetlb_cma[0]) {
> > +				pr_warn_once("HugeTLB: hugetlb_cma is enabled, skip boot time allocation\n");
> > +				break;
> > +			}
> >  			if (!alloc_bootmem_huge_page(h))
> >  				break;
> >  		} else if (!alloc_pool_huge_page(h,
> > @@ -5372,3 +5402,88 @@ void move_hugetlb_state(struct page *oldpage, struct page *newpage, int reason)
> >  		spin_unlock(&hugetlb_lock);
> >  	}
> >  }
> > +
> > +#ifdef CONFIG_CMA
> > +static unsigned long hugetlb_cma_size __initdata;
> > +static unsigned long hugetlb_cma_percent __initdata;
> > +
> > +static int __init cmdline_parse_hugetlb_cma(char *p)
> > +{
> > +	unsigned long long val;
> > +	char *endptr;
> > +
> > +	if (!p)
> > +		return -EINVAL;
> > +
> > +	/* Value may be a percentage of total memory, otherwise bytes */
> > +	val = simple_strtoull(p, &endptr, 0);
> > +	if (*endptr == '%')
> > +		hugetlb_cma_percent = clamp_t(unsigned long, val, 0, 100);
> > +	else
> > +		hugetlb_cma_size = memparse(p, &p);
> > +
> > +	return 0;
> > +}
> > +
> > +early_param("hugetlb_cma", cmdline_parse_hugetlb_cma);
> > +
> > +void __init hugetlb_cma_reserve(void)
> > +{
> > +	unsigned long totalpages = 0;
> > +	unsigned long start_pfn, end_pfn;
> > +	phys_addr_t size;
> > +	int nid, i, res;
> > +
> > +	if (!hugetlb_cma_size && !hugetlb_cma_percent)
> > +		return;
> > +
> > +	if (hugetlb_cma_percent) {
> > +		for_each_mem_pfn_range(i, MAX_NUMNODES, &start_pfn, &end_pfn,
> > +				       NULL)
> > +			totalpages += end_pfn - start_pfn;
> > +
> > +		size = PAGE_SIZE * (hugetlb_cma_percent * 100 * totalpages) /
> > +			10000UL;
> > +	} else {
> > +		size = hugetlb_cma_size;
> > +	}
> > +
> > +	pr_info("hugetlb_cma: reserve %llu, %llu per node\n", size,
> > +		size / nr_online_nodes);
> > +
> > +	size /= nr_online_nodes;
> > +
> > +	for_each_node_state(nid, N_ONLINE) {
> > +		unsigned long min_pfn = 0, max_pfn = 0;
> > +
> > +		for_each_mem_pfn_range(i, nid, &start_pfn, &end_pfn, NULL) {
> > +			if (!min_pfn)
> > +				min_pfn = start_pfn;
> > +			max_pfn = end_pfn;
> > +		}
> 
> Do you want to compare the range to the size?

You mean add a check that the range is big enough?

> But besides that, I
> believe this really needs to be much more careful. I believe you do not
> want to eat a considerable part of the kernel memory because the
> resulting configuration will really struggle (yeah all the low mem/high
> mem problems all over again).

Well, so far I was focused on a particular case when the target cma size
is significantly smaller than the total RAM size (~5-10%). What is the right
thing to do here? Fallback to the current behavior if the requested size is
more than x% of total memory? 1/2? How do you think?

We've discussed it with Rik in private, and he expressed an idea to start
with ~50% always and then shrink it on-demand. Something that we might
have here long-term.


Thank you!

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