Message-ID: <688dda0f-0907-34eb-c19e-3e9e5f613a74@digikod.net>
Date:   Tue, 17 Mar 2020 18:50:07 +0100
From:   Mickaël Salaün <mic@...ikod.net>
To:     Jann Horn <jannh@...gle.com>
Cc:     kernel list <linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org>,
        Al Viro <viro@...iv.linux.org.uk>,
        Andy Lutomirski <luto@...capital.net>,
        Arnd Bergmann <arnd@...db.de>,
        Casey Schaufler <casey@...aufler-ca.com>,
        Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@...uxfoundation.org>,
        James Morris <jmorris@...ei.org>, Jann Horn <jann@...jh.net>,
        Jonathan Corbet <corbet@....net>,
        Kees Cook <keescook@...omium.org>,
        Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@...il.com>,
        Mickaël Salaün <mickael.salaun@....gouv.fr>,
        "Serge E . Hallyn" <serge@...lyn.com>,
        Shuah Khan <shuah@...nel.org>,
        Vincent Dagonneau <vincent.dagonneau@....gouv.fr>,
        Kernel Hardening <kernel-hardening@...ts.openwall.com>,
        Linux API <linux-api@...r.kernel.org>,
        linux-arch <linux-arch@...r.kernel.org>,
        linux-doc@...r.kernel.org,
        linux-fsdevel <linux-fsdevel@...r.kernel.org>,
        "open list:KERNEL SELFTEST FRAMEWORK" 
        <linux-kselftest@...r.kernel.org>,
        linux-security-module <linux-security-module@...r.kernel.org>,
        the arch/x86 maintainers <x86@...nel.org>
Subject: Re: [RFC PATCH v14 00/10] Landlock LSM


On 17/03/2020 17:19, Jann Horn wrote:
> On Thu, Mar 12, 2020 at 12:38 AM Mickaël Salaün <mic@...ikod.net> wrote:
>> On 10/03/2020 00:44, Jann Horn wrote:
>>> On Mon, Feb 24, 2020 at 5:03 PM Mickaël Salaün <mic@...ikod.net> wrote:

[...]

>>> Aside from those things, there is also a major correctness issue where
>>> I'm not sure how to solve it properly:
>>>
>>> Let's say a process installs a filter on itself like this:
>>>
>>> struct landlock_attr_ruleset ruleset = { .handled_access_fs =
>>> ACCESS_FS_ROUGHLY_WRITE};
>>> int ruleset_fd = landlock(LANDLOCK_CMD_CREATE_RULESET,
>>> LANDLOCK_OPT_CREATE_RULESET, sizeof(ruleset), &ruleset);
>>> struct landlock_attr_path_beneath path_beneath = {
>>>   .ruleset_fd = ruleset_fd,
>>>   .allowed_access = ACCESS_FS_ROUGHLY_WRITE,
>>>   .parent_fd = open("/tmp/foobar", O_PATH),
>>> };
>>> landlock(LANDLOCK_CMD_ADD_RULE, LANDLOCK_OPT_ADD_RULE_PATH_BENEATH,
>>> sizeof(path_beneath), &path_beneath);
>>> prctl(PR_SET_NO_NEW_PRIVS, 1, 0, 0, 0);
>>> struct landlock_attr_enforce attr_enforce = { .ruleset_fd = ruleset_fd };
>>> landlock(LANDLOCK_CMD_ENFORCE_RULESET, LANDLOCK_OPT_ENFORCE_RULESET,
>>> sizeof(attr_enforce), &attr_enforce);
>>>
>>> At this point, the process is not supposed to be able to write to
>>> anything outside /tmp/foobar, right? But what happens if the process
>>> does the following next?
>>>
>>> struct landlock_attr_ruleset ruleset = { .handled_access_fs =
>>> ACCESS_FS_ROUGHLY_WRITE};
>>> int ruleset_fd = landlock(LANDLOCK_CMD_CREATE_RULESET,
>>> LANDLOCK_OPT_CREATE_RULESET, sizeof(ruleset), &ruleset);
>>> struct landlock_attr_path_beneath path_beneath = {
>>>   .ruleset_fd = ruleset_fd,
>>>   .allowed_access = ACCESS_FS_ROUGHLY_WRITE,
>>>   .parent_fd = open("/", O_PATH),
>>> };
>>> landlock(LANDLOCK_CMD_ADD_RULE, LANDLOCK_OPT_ADD_RULE_PATH_BENEATH,
>>> sizeof(path_beneath), &path_beneath);
>>> prctl(PR_SET_NO_NEW_PRIVS, 1, 0, 0, 0);
>>> struct landlock_attr_enforce attr_enforce = { .ruleset_fd = ruleset_fd };
>>> landlock(LANDLOCK_CMD_ENFORCE_RULESET, LANDLOCK_OPT_ENFORCE_RULESET,
>>> sizeof(attr_enforce), &attr_enforce);
>>>
>>> As far as I can tell from looking at the source, after this, you will
>>> have write access to the entire filesystem again. I think the idea is
>>> that LANDLOCK_CMD_ENFORCE_RULESET should only let you drop privileges,
>>> not increase them, right?
>>
>> There is an additionnal check in syscall.c:get_path_from_fd(): it is
>> forbidden to add a rule with a path which is not accessible (according
>> to LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_OPEN) thanks to a call to security_file_open(),
>> but this is definitely not perfect.
> 
> Ah, I missed that.
> 
>>> I think the easy way to fix this would be to add a bitmask to each
>>> rule that says from which ruleset it originally comes, and then let
>>> check_access_path() collect these bitmasks from each rule with OR, and
>>> check at the end whether the resulting bitmask is full - if not, at
>>> least one of the rulesets did not permit the access, and it should be
>>> denied.
>>>
>>> But maybe it would make more sense to change how the API works
>>> instead, and get rid of the concept of "merging" two rulesets
>>> together? Instead, we could make the API work like this:
>>>
>>>  - LANDLOCK_CMD_CREATE_RULESET gives you a file descriptor whose
>>> ->private_data contains a pointer to the old ruleset of the process,
>>> as well as a pointer to a new empty ruleset.
>>>  - LANDLOCK_CMD_ADD_RULE fails if the specified rule would not be
>>> permitted by the old ruleset, then adds the rule to the new ruleset
>>>  - LANDLOCK_CMD_ENFORCE_RULESET fails if the old ruleset pointer in
>>> ->private_data doesn't match the current ruleset of the process, then
>>> replaces the old ruleset with the new ruleset.
>>>
>>> With this, the new ruleset is guaranteed to be a subset of the old
>>> ruleset because each of the new ruleset's rules is permitted by the
>>> old ruleset. (Unless the directory hierarchy rotates, but in that case
>>> the inaccuracy isn't much worse than what would've been possible
>>> through RCU path walk anyway AFAIK.)
>>>
>>> What do you think?
>>>
>>
>> I would prefer to add the same checks you described at first (with
>> check_access_path), but only when creating a new ruleset with
>> merge_ruleset() (which should probably be renamed). This enables not to
>> rely on a parent ruleset/domain until the enforcement, which is the case
>> anyway.
>> Unfortunately this doesn't work for some cases with bind mounts. Because
>> check_access_path() goes through one path, another (bind mounted) path
>> could be illegitimately allowed.
> 
> Hmm... I'm not sure what you mean. At the moment, landlock doesn't
> allow any sandboxed process to change the mount hierarchy, right? Can
> you give an example where this would go wrong?

Indeed, a Landlocked process must no be able to change its mount
namespace layout. However, bind mounts may already exist.
Let's say a process sandbox itself to only access /a in a read-write
way. Then, this process (or one of its children) add a new restriction
on /a/b to only be able to read this hierarchy. The check at insertion
time would allow this because this access right is a subset of the
access right allowed with the parent directory. However, If /a/b is bind
mounted somewhere else, let's say in /private/b, then the second
enforcement just gave new access rights to this hierarchy too. This is
why it seems risky to rely on a check about the legitimacy of a new
access right when adding it to a ruleset or when enforcing it.


> 
>> That makes the problem a bit more complicated. A solution may be to keep
>> track of the hierarchy of each rule (e.g. with a layer/depth number),
>> and only allow an access request if at least a rule of each layer allow
>> this access. In this case we also need to correctly handle the case when
>> rules from different layers are tied to the same object.
> 

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