linux-kernel - Re: [PATCH] signal: Extend exec

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Message-ID: <20200403021101.GA2608@pi3.com.pl>
Date:   Fri, 3 Apr 2020 04:11:01 +0200
From:   Adam Zabrocki <pi3@....com.pl>
To:     Jann Horn <jannh@...gle.com>
Cc:     "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@...ssion.com>,
        Linus Torvalds <torvalds@...ux-foundation.org>,
        kernel list <linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org>,
        Kernel Hardening <kernel-hardening@...ts.openwall.com>,
        Oleg Nesterov <oleg@...hat.com>,
        Andy Lutomirski <luto@...capital.net>,
        Bernd Edlinger <bernd.edlinger@...mail.de>,
        Kees Cook <keescook@...omium.org>,
        Andrew Morton <akpm@...ux-foundation.org>,
        stable <stable@...r.kernel.org>
Subject: Re: [PATCH] signal: Extend exec_id to 64bits

On Thu, Apr 02, 2020 at 06:46:49AM +0200, Jann Horn wrote:
> On Wed, Apr 1, 2020 at 10:50 PM Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@...ssion.com> wrote:
> > Replace the 32bit exec_id with a 64bit exec_id to make it impossible
> > to wrap the exec_id counter.  With care an attacker can cause exec_id
> > wrap and send arbitrary signals to a newly exec'd parent.  This
> > bypasses the signal sending checks if the parent changes their
> > credentials during exec.
> >
> > The severity of this problem can been seen that in my limited testing
> > of a 32bit exec_id it can take as little as 19s to exec 65536 times.
> > Which means that it can take as little as 14 days to wrap a 32bit
> > exec_id.  Adam Zabrocki has succeeded wrapping the self_exe_id in 7
> > days.  Even my slower timing is in the uptime of a typical server.
> 
> FYI, if you actually optimize this, it's more like 12s to exec 1048576
> times according to my test, which means ~14 hours for 2^32 executions
> (on a single core). That's on an i7-4790 (a Haswell desktop processor
> that was launched about six years ago, in 2014).
> 

Yep, there are a few ways of optimizing it and I believe I've pointed it out 
here:
https://www.openwall.com/lists/kernel-hardening/2020/03/31/11

Thanks for doing such tests :)

I've also modified your PoC to use 'sysenter' and 'syscall' instruction. Both 
cases gave me an extra 4% speed bump (including a test for 64-bits 
"fast_execve"). I've run it under Intel(R) Xeon(R) E-2176G CPU @ 3.70GHz

As you've proven, it is possible to be done in a matter of hours.

Thanks,
Adam

> Here's my test code:
> 
> =============
> $ grep 'model name' /proc/cpuinfo | head -n1
> model name : Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-4790 CPU @ 3.60GHz
> $ cat build.sh
> #!/bin/sh
> set -e
> nasm -felf32 -o fast_execve.o fast_execve.asm
> ld -m elf_i386 -o fast_execve fast_execve.o
> gcc -o launch launch.c -Wall
> gcc -o finish finish.c -Wall
> $ cat fast_execve.asm
> bits 32
> 
> section .text
> global _start
> _start:
> ; eax = argv[0]
> ; expected to be 8 hex digits, with 'a' meaning 0x0 and 'p' meaning 0xf
> mov eax, [esp+4]
> 
> mov ebx, 0 ; loop counter
> hex_digit_loop:
> inc byte [eax+ebx]
> cmp byte [eax+ebx], 'a'+16
> jne next_exec
> mov byte [eax+ebx], 'a'
> inc ebx
> cmp ebx, 5 ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; this is N, where iteration_count=pow(16,N)
> jne hex_digit_loop
> 
> 
> ; reached pow(256,N) execs, get out
> 
> ; first make the stack big again
> mov eax, 75 ; setrlimit (32-bit ABI)
> mov ebx, 3 ; RLIMIT_STACK
> mov ecx, stacklim
> int 0x80
> 
> ; execute end helper
> mov ebx, 4 ; dirfd = 4
> jmp common_exec
> 
> next_exec:
> mov ebx, 3 ; dirfd = 3
> 
> common_exec: ; execveat() with file descriptor passed in as ebx
> mov ecx, nullval ; pathname = empty string
> lea edx, [esp+4] ; argv
> mov esi, 0 ; envp
> mov edi, 0x1000 ; flags = AT_EMPTY_PATH
> mov eax, 358 ; execveat (32-bit ABI)
> int 0x80
> int3
> 
> nullval:
> dd 0
> stacklim:
> dd 0x02000000
> dd 0xffffffff
> $ cat launch.c
> #define _GNU_SOURCE
> #include <fcntl.h>
> #include <err.h>
> #include <unistd.h>
> #include <sys/syscall.h>
> #include <sys/resource.h>
> int main(void) {
>   close(3);
>   close(4);
>   if (open("fast_execve", O_PATH) != 3)
>     err(1, "open fast_execve");
>   if (open("finish", O_PATH) != 4)
>     err(1, "open finish");
>   char *argv[] = { "aaaaaaaa", NULL };
> 
>   struct rlimit lim;
>   if (getrlimit(RLIMIT_STACK, &lim))
>     err(1, "getrlimit");
>   lim.rlim_cur = 0x4000;
>   if (setrlimit(RLIMIT_STACK, &lim))
>     err(1, "setrlimit");
> 
>   syscall(__NR_execveat, 3, "", argv, NULL, AT_EMPTY_PATH);
> }
> $ cat finish.c
> #include <stdlib.h>
> int main(void) {
>   exit(0);
> }
> $ ./build.sh
> $ time ./launch
> 
> real 0m12,075s
> user 0m0,905s
> sys 0m11,026s
> $
> =============

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