Date:   Mon, 27 Apr 2020 13:26:17 -0400 (EDT)
From:   Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@...icios.com>
To:     Florian Weimer <fw@...eb.enyo.de>
Cc:     Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@...il.com>,
        libc-alpha <libc-alpha@...rceware.org>,
        carlos <carlos@...hat.com>, Rich Felker <dalias@...c.org>,
        linux-api <linux-api@...r.kernel.org>,
        Boqun Feng <boqun.feng@...il.com>,
        Will Deacon <will.deacon@....com>,
        linux-kernel <linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org>,
        Peter Zijlstra <peterz@...radead.org>,
        Ben Maurer <bmaurer@...com>, Dave Watson <davejwatson@...com>,
        Thomas Gleixner <tglx@...utronix.de>,
        Paul <paulmck@...ux.vnet.ibm.com>, Paul Turner <pjt@...gle.com>,
        Joseph Myers <joseph@...esourcery.com>,
        Szabolcs Nagy <szabolcs.nagy@....com>
Subject: Re: [PATCH glibc 5/9] glibc: Perform rseq(2) registration at C
 startup and thread creation (v17)



----- On Apr 27, 2020, at 12:54 PM, Florian Weimer fw@...eb.enyo.de wrote:

> * Mathieu Desnoyers:
> 
>>>> +#include <sys/syscall.h>
>>>> +#include <stdint.h>
>>>> +#include <kernel-features.h>
>>>> +#include <sys/rseq.h>
>>>> +
>>>> +__thread struct rseq __rseq_abi = {
>>>> +  .cpu_id = RSEQ_CPU_ID_UNINITIALIZED,
>>>> +};
>>> 
>>> { should go onto its own line.
>>
>> OK
>>
>>> I'd also add attribute_tls_model_ie,
>>> also it's implied by the declaration in the header.
>>
>> This contradicts feedback I received from Szabolcs Nagy in September 2019:
>>
>> https://public-inbox.org/libc-alpha/c58d4d6e-f22a-f5d9-e23a-5bd72cec1a86@arm.com/
>>
>> "note that libpthread.so is built with -ftls-model=initial-exec
>>
>> (and if it wasn't then you'd want to put the attribute on the
>> declaration in the internal header file, not on the definition,
>> so the actual tls accesses generate the right code)"
>>
>> In the context of his feedback, __rseq_abi was defined within
>> nptl/pthread_create.c.
>> It is now defined in sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/rseq-sym.c, which is built into the
>> csu which AFAIU ends up in libc.so. His comment still applies though, because
>> libc.so is also built with -ftls-model=initial-exec.
>>
>> So should I apply the "initial-exec" TLS model only to the __rseq_abi
>> declaration, or is it preferred to apply it to both the declaration
>> and the definition ?
> 
> I do not have a strong preference here.  Technically, the declaration
> in the header file should be enough.

OK, so I'll just keep the attribute on the declaration in the header.

> 
>>>> diff --git a/sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/sys/rseq.h
>>>> b/sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/sys/rseq.h
>>>> new file mode 100644
>>>> index 0000000000..503dce4cac
>>>> --- /dev/null
>>>> +++ b/sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/sys/rseq.h
>>>> @@ -0,0 +1,186 @@
>>> 
>>> I think there is some value in making this header compatible with
>>> inclusion from the assembler (including constants for the relevant
>>> struct offsets), but that can be a later change.
>>
>> Agreed. By "later", do you mean before merging the patch, between
>> merge of the patch and next glibc release, or for a subsequent glibc
>> release ?
> 
> It can happen some time after merging the patch, preferably for this
> release.  But I don't think it's release-critical.

OK

> 
>>>> +/* struct rseq is aligned on 4 * 8 bytes to ensure it is always
>>>> +   contained within a single cache-line.
>>>> +
>>>> +   A single struct rseq per thread is allowed.  */
>>>> +struct rseq
>>>> +  {
>>>> +    /* Restartable sequences cpu_id_start field. Updated by the
>>>> +       kernel. Read by user-space with single-copy atomicity
>>>> +       semantics. This field should only be read by the thread which
>>>> +       registered this data structure. Aligned on 32-bit. Always
>>> 
>>> What does “Aligned on 32-bit” mean in this context?  Do you mean to
>>> reference 32-*byte* alignment here?
>>
>> No. I really mean 32-bit (4-byte). Being aligned on 32-byte guarantees that
>> this field is aligned at least on 4-byte. This is required by single-copy
>> atomicity semantics.
>>
>> Should I update this comment to state "Aligned on 4-byte" instead ?
> 
> I think this is implied by all Linux ABIs.  And the explicit alignment
> specification for struct rseq makes the alignment 32 bytes.

Unless a structure ends up being packed, which is of course not the case
here.

I would prefer to keep the comment about 32-bit alignment requirement on
the specific fields, because the motivation for alignment requirement is
much more strict for fields (correctness) than the motivation for alignment
of the structure (performance).

> 
>>>> +    /* Restartable sequences rseq_cs field.
>>>> +
>>>> +       Contains NULL when no critical section is active for the current
>>>> +       thread, or holds a pointer to the currently active struct rseq_cs.
>>>> +
>>>> +       Updated by user-space, which sets the address of the currently
>>>> +       active rseq_cs at the beginning of assembly instruction sequence
>>>> +       block, and set to NULL by the kernel when it restarts an assembly
>>>> +       instruction sequence block, as well as when the kernel detects that
>>>> +       it is preempting or delivering a signal outside of the range
>>>> +       targeted by the rseq_cs. Also needs to be set to NULL by user-space
>>>> +       before reclaiming memory that contains the targeted struct rseq_cs.
>>>> +
>>>> +       Read and set by the kernel. Set by user-space with single-copy
>>>> +       atomicity semantics. This field should only be updated by the
>>>> +       thread which registered this data structure. Aligned on 64-bit.  */
>>>> +    union {
>>>> +      uint64_t ptr64;
>>>> +#ifdef __LP64__
>>>> +      uint64_t ptr;
>>>> +#else
>>>> +      struct {
>>>> +#if (defined(__BYTE_ORDER) && (__BYTE_ORDER == __BIG_ENDIAN)) ||
>>>> defined(__BIG_ENDIAN)
>>>> +        uint32_t padding; /* Initialized to zero.  */
>>>> +        uint32_t ptr32;
>>>> +#else /* LITTLE */
>>>> +        uint32_t ptr32;
>>>> +        uint32_t padding; /* Initialized to zero.  */
>>>> +#endif /* ENDIAN */
>>>> +      } ptr;
>>>> +#endif
>>>> +    } rseq_cs;
>>> 
>>> Are these conditionals correct for x32?
>>
>> Let's see. With x86 gcc:
>>
>> -m64: (__x86_64__ && __LP64__)
>> -m32: (__i386__)
>> -mx32: (__x86_64__ && __ILP32__)
>>
>> So with "#ifdef __LP64__" we specifically target 64-bit pointers. The rest
>> falls into the "else" case, which expects 32-bit pointers. Considering that
>> x32 has 32-bit pointers, I don't see any issue here.
> 
> Does the kernel have a separate 32-bit entry point for rseq on x32?
> If not, it will expect the 64-bit struct layout.

No, there is a single entry point into rseq covering all of 32-bit, 64-bit and x32.
We achieve this by ensuring the layout of the linux/rseq.h structures
uses the union representation for pointers. Therefore, the kernel does not care
whether it reads a pointer from a 32-bit or 64-bit process. This is becoming the
preferred way to design Linux kernel ABIs nowadays.

> 
>> We don't mind that user-space uses that pointer, but we never want the kernel
>> to touch that pointer rather than the 32/64-bit-aware fields. One possibility
>> would be to do:
>>
>>     union
>>       {
>>         uint64_t ptr64;
>> #ifdef __LP64__
>>         uint64_t ptr;
>> #else
>>         struct
>>           {
>> #if (defined (__BYTE_ORDER) && (__BYTE_ORDER == __BIG_ENDIAN)) || defined
>> (__BIG_ENDIAN)
>>             uint32_t padding; /* Initialized to zero.  */
>>             uint32_t ptr32;
>> #else /* LITTLE */
>>             uint32_t ptr32;
>>             uint32_t padding; /* Initialized to zero.  */
>> #endif /* ENDIAN */
>>           } ptr;
>> #endif
>>
>> #ifndef __KERNEL__
>>      const struct rseq_cs *uptr;
>> #endif
>>       } rseq_cs;
>>
>> in the union, so only user-space can see that field. Thoughts ?
> 
> I think this depends on where the x32 question lands.

x32 should not be an issue as explained above, so I'm very open to
add this "uptr" for user-space only.

Thanks,

Mathieu


-- 
Mathieu Desnoyers
EfficiOS Inc.
http://www.efficios.com

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