Date:   Fri, 1 May 2020 15:39:09 -0700
From:   "Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@...nel.org>
To:     "Uladzislau Rezki (Sony)" <urezki@...il.com>
Cc:     LKML <linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org>, linux-mm@...ck.org,
        Andrew Morton <akpm@...ux-foundation.org>,
        "Theodore Y . Ts'o" <tytso@....edu>,
        Matthew Wilcox <willy@...radead.org>,
        Joel Fernandes <joel@...lfernandes.org>,
        RCU <rcu@...r.kernel.org>,
        Oleksiy Avramchenko <oleksiy.avramchenko@...ymobile.com>
Subject: Re: [PATCH 19/24] rcu/tree: Support reclaim for head-less object

On Tue, Apr 28, 2020 at 10:58:58PM +0200, Uladzislau Rezki (Sony) wrote:
> Update the kvfree_call_rcu() with head-less support, it
> means an object without any rcu_head structure can be
> reclaimed after GP.
> 
> To store pointers there are two chain-arrays maintained
> one for SLAB and another one is for vmalloc. Both types
> of objects(head-less variant and regular one) are placed
> there based on the type.
> 
> It can be that maintaining of arrays becomes impossible
> due to high memory pressure. For such reason there is an
> emergency path. In that case objects with rcu_head inside
> are just queued building one way list. Later on that list
> is drained.
> 
> As for head-less variant. Such objects do not have any
> rcu_head helper inside. Thus it is dynamically attached.
> As a result an object consists of back-pointer and regular
> rcu_head. It implies that emergency path can detect such
> object type, therefore they are tagged. So a back-pointer
> could be freed as well as dynamically attached wrapper.
> 
> Even though such approach requires dynamic memory it needs
> only sizeof(unsigned long *) + sizeof(struct rcu_head) bytes,
> thus SLAB is used to obtain it. Finally if attaching of the
> rcu_head and queuing get failed, the current context has
> to follow might_sleep() annotation, thus below steps could
> be applied:
>    a) wait until a grace period has elapsed;
>    b) direct inlining of the kvfree() call.
> 
> Reviewed-by: Joel Fernandes (Google) <joel@...lfernandes.org>
> Signed-off-by: Uladzislau Rezki (Sony) <urezki@...il.com>
> Signed-off-by: Joel Fernandes (Google) <joel@...lfernandes.org>
> Co-developed-by: Joel Fernandes (Google) <joel@...lfernandes.org>
> ---
>  kernel/rcu/tree.c | 102 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--
>  1 file changed, 98 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)
> 
> diff --git a/kernel/rcu/tree.c b/kernel/rcu/tree.c
> index 51726e4c3b4d..501cac02146d 100644
> --- a/kernel/rcu/tree.c
> +++ b/kernel/rcu/tree.c
> @@ -3072,15 +3072,31 @@ static void kfree_rcu_work(struct work_struct *work)
>  	 */
>  	for (; head; head = next) {
>  		unsigned long offset = (unsigned long)head->func;
> -		void *ptr = (void *)head - offset;
> +		bool headless;
> +		void *ptr;
>  
>  		next = head->next;
> +
> +		/* We tag the headless object, if so adjust offset. */
> +		headless = (((unsigned long) head - offset) & BIT(0));
> +		if (headless)
> +			offset -= 1;
> +
> +		ptr = (void *) head - offset;
> +
>  		debug_rcu_head_unqueue((struct rcu_head *)ptr);
>  		rcu_lock_acquire(&rcu_callback_map);
>  		trace_rcu_invoke_kvfree_callback(rcu_state.name, head, offset);
>  
> -		if (!WARN_ON_ONCE(!__is_kvfree_rcu_offset(offset)))
> +		if (!WARN_ON_ONCE(!__is_kvfree_rcu_offset(offset))) {
> +			/*
> +			 * If headless free the back-pointer first.
> +			 */
> +			if (headless)
> +				kvfree((void *) *((unsigned long *) ptr));
> +
>  			kvfree(ptr);
> +		}
>  
>  		rcu_lock_release(&rcu_callback_map);
>  		cond_resched_tasks_rcu_qs();
> @@ -3221,6 +3237,13 @@ kvfree_call_rcu_add_ptr_to_bulk(struct kfree_rcu_cpu *krcp, void *ptr)
>  			if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_PREEMPT_RT))
>  				return false;
>  
> +			/*
> +			 * TODO: For one argument of kvfree_rcu() we can
> +			 * drop the lock and get the page in sleepable
> +			 * context. That would allow to maintain an array
> +			 * for the CONFIG_PREEMPT_RT as well. Thus we could
> +			 * get rid of dynamic rcu_head attaching code.
> +			 */
>  			bnode = (struct kvfree_rcu_bulk_data *)
>  				__get_free_page(GFP_NOWAIT | __GFP_NOWARN);
>  		}
> @@ -3244,6 +3267,23 @@ kvfree_call_rcu_add_ptr_to_bulk(struct kfree_rcu_cpu *krcp, void *ptr)
>  	return true;
>  }
>  
> +static inline struct rcu_head *
> +attach_rcu_head_to_object(void *obj)
> +{
> +	unsigned long *ptr;
> +
> +	ptr = kmalloc(sizeof(unsigned long *) +
> +			sizeof(struct rcu_head), GFP_NOWAIT |
> +				__GFP_RECLAIM |	/* can do direct reclaim. */
> +				__GFP_NORETRY |	/* only lightweight one.  */
> +				__GFP_NOWARN);	/* no failure reports. */

Again, let's please not do this single-pointer-sized allocation.  If
a full page is not available and this is a single-argument kfree_rcu(),
just call synchronize_rcu() and then free the object directly.

It should not be -that- hard to adjust locking for CONFIG_PREEMPT_RT!
For example, have some kind of reservation protocol so that a task
that drops the lock can retry the page allocation and be sure of having
a place to put it.  This might entail making CONFIG_PREEMPT_RT reserve
more pages per CPU.  Or maybe that would not be necessary.

							Thanx, Paul

> +	if (!ptr)
> +		return NULL;
> +
> +	ptr[0] = (unsigned long) obj;
> +	return ((struct rcu_head *) ++ptr);
> +}
> +
>  /*
>   * Queue a request for lazy invocation of appropriate free routine after a
>   * grace period. Please note there are three paths are maintained, two are the
> @@ -3260,16 +3300,34 @@ void kvfree_call_rcu(struct rcu_head *head, rcu_callback_t func)
>  {
>  	unsigned long flags;
>  	struct kfree_rcu_cpu *krcp;
> +	bool success;
>  	void *ptr;
>  
> +	if (head) {
> +		ptr = (void *) head - (unsigned long) func;
> +	} else {
> +		/*
> +		 * Please note there is a limitation for the head-less
> +		 * variant, that is why there is a clear rule for such
> +		 * objects:
> +		 *
> +		 * it can be used from might_sleep() context only. For
> +		 * other places please embed an rcu_head to your data.
> +		 */
> +		might_sleep();
> +		ptr = (unsigned long *) func;
> +	}
> +
>  	krcp = krc_this_cpu_lock(&flags);
> -	ptr = (void *)head - (unsigned long)func;
>  
>  	/* Queue the object but don't yet schedule the batch. */
>  	if (debug_rcu_head_queue(ptr)) {
>  		/* Probable double kfree_rcu(), just leak. */
>  		WARN_ONCE(1, "%s(): Double-freed call. rcu_head %p\n",
>  			  __func__, head);
> +
> +		/* Mark as success and leave. */
> +		success = true;
>  		goto unlock_return;
>  	}
>  
> @@ -3277,10 +3335,34 @@ void kvfree_call_rcu(struct rcu_head *head, rcu_callback_t func)
>  	 * Under high memory pressure GFP_NOWAIT can fail,
>  	 * in that case the emergency path is maintained.
>  	 */
> -	if (unlikely(!kvfree_call_rcu_add_ptr_to_bulk(krcp, ptr))) {
> +	success = kvfree_call_rcu_add_ptr_to_bulk(krcp, ptr);
> +	if (!success) {
> +		if (head == NULL) {
> +			/*
> +			 * Headless(one argument kvfree_rcu()) can sleep.
> +			 * Drop the lock and tack it back. So it can do
> +			 * direct lightweight reclaim.
> +			 */
> +			krc_this_cpu_unlock(krcp, flags);
> +			head = attach_rcu_head_to_object(ptr);
> +			krcp = krc_this_cpu_lock(&flags);
> +
> +			if (head == NULL)
> +				goto unlock_return;
> +
> +			/*
> +			 * Tag the headless object. Such objects have a
> +			 * back-pointer to the original allocated memory,
> +			 * that has to be freed as well as dynamically
> +			 * attached wrapper/head.
> +			 */
> +			func = (rcu_callback_t) (sizeof(unsigned long *) + 1);
> +		}
> +
>  		head->func = func;
>  		head->next = krcp->head;
>  		krcp->head = head;
> +		success = true;
>  	}
>  
>  	WRITE_ONCE(krcp->count, krcp->count + 1);
> @@ -3294,6 +3376,18 @@ void kvfree_call_rcu(struct rcu_head *head, rcu_callback_t func)
>  
>  unlock_return:
>  	krc_this_cpu_unlock(krcp, flags);
> +
> +	/*
> +	 * High memory pressure, so inline kvfree() after
> +	 * synchronize_rcu(). We can do it from might_sleep()
> +	 * context only, so the current CPU can pass the QS
> +	 * state.
> +	 */
> +	if (!success) {
> +		debug_rcu_head_unqueue(ptr);
> +		synchronize_rcu();
> +		kvfree(ptr);
> +	}
>  }
>  EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(kvfree_call_rcu);
>  
> -- 
> 2.20.1
> 

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