linux-kernel - [PATCH 4.9 80/90] x86: Fix early boot crash on gcc-10, third try

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Date:   Mon, 18 May 2020 19:36:58 +0200
From:   Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@...uxfoundation.org>
To:     linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org
Cc:     Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@...uxfoundation.org>,
        stable@...r.kernel.org, Sergei Trofimovich <slyfox@...too.org>,
        Borislav Petkov <bp@...e.de>, Kalle Valo <kvalo@...eaurora.org>
Subject: [PATCH 4.9 80/90] x86: Fix early boot crash on gcc-10, third try

From: Borislav Petkov <bp@...e.de>

commit a9a3ed1eff3601b63aea4fb462d8b3b92c7c1e7e upstream.

... or the odyssey of trying to disable the stack protector for the
function which generates the stack canary value.

The whole story started with Sergei reporting a boot crash with a kernel
built with gcc-10:

  Kernel panic — not syncing: stack-protector: Kernel stack is corrupted in: start_secondary
  CPU: 1 PID: 0 Comm: swapper/1 Not tainted 5.6.0-rc5—00235—gfffb08b37df9 #139
  Hardware name: Gigabyte Technology Co., Ltd. To be filled by O.E.M./H77M—D3H, BIOS F12 11/14/2013
  Call Trace:
    dump_stack
    panic
    ? start_secondary
    __stack_chk_fail
    start_secondary
    secondary_startup_64
  -—-[ end Kernel panic — not syncing: stack—protector: Kernel stack is corrupted in: start_secondary

This happens because gcc-10 tail-call optimizes the last function call
in start_secondary() - cpu_startup_entry() - and thus emits a stack
canary check which fails because the canary value changes after the
boot_init_stack_canary() call.

To fix that, the initial attempt was to mark the one function which
generates the stack canary with:

  __attribute__((optimize("-fno-stack-protector"))) ... start_secondary(void *unused)

however, using the optimize attribute doesn't work cumulatively
as the attribute does not add to but rather replaces previously
supplied optimization options - roughly all -fxxx options.

The key one among them being -fno-omit-frame-pointer and thus leading to
not present frame pointer - frame pointer which the kernel needs.

The next attempt to prevent compilers from tail-call optimizing
the last function call cpu_startup_entry(), shy of carving out
start_secondary() into a separate compilation unit and building it with
-fno-stack-protector, was to add an empty asm("").

This current solution was short and sweet, and reportedly, is supported
by both compilers but we didn't get very far this time: future (LTO?)
optimization passes could potentially eliminate this, which leads us
to the third attempt: having an actual memory barrier there which the
compiler cannot ignore or move around etc.

That should hold for a long time, but hey we said that about the other
two solutions too so...

Reported-by: Sergei Trofimovich <slyfox@...too.org>
Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@...e.de>
Tested-by: Kalle Valo <kvalo@...eaurora.org>
Cc: <stable@...r.kernel.org>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200314164451.346497-1-slyfox@gentoo.org
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@...uxfoundation.org>

---
 arch/x86/include/asm/stackprotector.h |    7 ++++++-
 arch/x86/kernel/smpboot.c             |    8 ++++++++
 arch/x86/xen/smp.c                    |    1 +
 include/linux/compiler.h              |    7 +++++++
 init/main.c                           |    2 ++
 5 files changed, 24 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/stackprotector.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/stackprotector.h
@@ -54,8 +54,13 @@
 /*
  * Initialize the stackprotector canary value.
  *
- * NOTE: this must only be called from functions that never return,
+ * NOTE: this must only be called from functions that never return
  * and it must always be inlined.
+ *
+ * In addition, it should be called from a compilation unit for which
+ * stack protector is disabled. Alternatively, the caller should not end
+ * with a function call which gets tail-call optimized as that would
+ * lead to checking a modified canary value.
  */
 static __always_inline void boot_init_stack_canary(void)
 {
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/smpboot.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/smpboot.c
@@ -249,6 +249,14 @@ static void notrace start_secondary(void
 
 	wmb();
 	cpu_startup_entry(CPUHP_AP_ONLINE_IDLE);
+
+	/*
+	 * Prevent tail call to cpu_startup_entry() because the stack protector
+	 * guard has been changed a couple of function calls up, in
+	 * boot_init_stack_canary() and must not be checked before tail calling
+	 * another function.
+	 */
+	prevent_tail_call_optimization();
 }
 
 /**
--- a/arch/x86/xen/smp.c
+++ b/arch/x86/xen/smp.c
@@ -116,6 +116,7 @@ asmlinkage __visible void cpu_bringup_an
 #endif
 	cpu_bringup();
 	cpu_startup_entry(CPUHP_AP_ONLINE_IDLE);
+	prevent_tail_call_optimization();
 }
 
 void xen_smp_intr_free(unsigned int cpu)
--- a/include/linux/compiler.h
+++ b/include/linux/compiler.h
@@ -605,4 +605,11 @@ unsigned long read_word_at_a_time(const
 # define __kprobes
 # define nokprobe_inline	inline
 #endif
+
+/*
+ * This is needed in functions which generate the stack canary, see
+ * arch/x86/kernel/smpboot.c::start_secondary() for an example.
+ */
+#define prevent_tail_call_optimization()	mb()
+
 #endif /* __LINUX_COMPILER_H */
--- a/init/main.c
+++ b/init/main.c
@@ -662,6 +662,8 @@ asmlinkage __visible void __init start_k
 
 	/* Do the rest non-__init'ed, we're now alive */
 	rest_init();
+
+	prevent_tail_call_optimization();
 }
 
 /* Call all constructor functions linked into the kernel. */