Date:   Wed, 19 Aug 2020 13:33:39 +0200
From:   Norbert Kaminski <norbert.kaminski@...eb.com>
To:     Roger Pau Monné <roger.pau@...rix.com>,
        Marek Marczykowski-Górecki 
        <marmarek@...isiblethingslab.com>
Cc:     Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@...nel.org>, linux-efi@...r.kernel.org,
        xen-devel@...ts.xenproject.org,
        open list <linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org>,
        Maciej Pijanowski <maciej.pijanowski@...eb.com>,
        piotr.krol@...eb.com
Subject: Re: [PATCH] efi: discover ESRT table on Xen PV too


On 19.08.2020 10:19, Roger Pau Monné wrote:
> On Tue, Aug 18, 2020 at 08:40:18PM +0200, Marek Marczykowski-Górecki wrote:
>> On Tue, Aug 18, 2020 at 07:21:14PM +0200, Roger Pau Monné wrote:
>>>> Let me draw the picture from the beginning.
>>> Thanks, greatly appreciated.
>>>
>>>> EFI memory map contains various memory regions. Some of them are marked
>>>> as not needed after ExitBootServices() call (done in Xen before
>>>> launching dom0). This includes EFI_BOOT_SERVICES_DATA and
>>>> EFI_BOOT_SERVICES_CODE.
>>>>
>>>> EFI SystemTable contains pointers to various ConfigurationTables -
>>>> physical addresses (at least in this case). Xen does interpret some of
>>>> them, but not ESRT. Xen pass the whole (address of) SystemTable to Linux
>>>> dom0 (at least in PV case). Xen doesn't do anything about tables it
>>>> doesn't understand.
>>>>
>>>> Now, the code in Linux takes the (ESRT) table address early and checks
>>>> the memory map for it. We have 3 cases:
>>>>   - it points at area marked as neither EFI_*_SERVICES_DATA, nor with
>>>>     EFI_MEMORY_RUNTIME attribute -> Linux refuse to use it
>>>>   - it points to EFI_RUNTIME_SERVICES_DATA or with EFI_MEMORY_RUNTIME
>>>>     attribute - Linux uses the table; memory map already says the area
>>>>     belongs to EFI and the OS should not use it for something else
>>>>   - it points to EFI_BOOT_SERVICES_DATA - Linux mark the area as reserved
>>>>     to not release it after calling ExitBootServices()
>>>>
>>>> The problematic is the third case - at the time when Linux dom0 is run,
>>>> ExitBootServices() was already called and EFI_BOOT_SERVICES_* memory was
>>>> already released. It could be already used for something else (for
>>>> example Xen could overwrite it while loading dom0).
>>>>
>>>> Note the problematic case should be the most common - UEFI specification
>>>> says "The ESRT shall be stored in memory of type EfiBootServicesData"
>>>> (chapter 22.3 of UEFI Spec v2.6).
>>>>
>>>> For this reason, to use ESRT in dom0, Xen should do something about it
>>>> before ExitBootServices() call. While analyzing all the EFI tables is
>>>> probably not a viable option, it can do some simple action:
>>>>   - retains all the EFI_BOOT_SERVICES_* areas - there is already code
>>>>     for that, controlled with /mapbs boot switch (to xen.efi, would need
>>>>     another option for multiboot2+efi)
>>>>   - have a list of tables to retain - since Xen already do analyze some
>>>>     of the ConfigurationTables, it can also have a list of those to
>>>>     preserve even if they live in EFI_BOOT_SERVICES_DATA. In this case,
>>>>     while Xen doesn't need to parse the whole table, it need to parse it's
>>>>     header to get the table size - to reserve that memory and not reuse
>>>>     it after ExitBootServices().
>>> Xen seems to already contain skeleton
>>> XEN_EFI_query_capsule_capabilities and XEN_EFI_update_capsule
>>> hypercalls which is what should be used in order to perform the
>>> updates?
>> I think those covers only runtime service calls similarly named. But you
>> need also ESRT table to collect info about devices that you can even
>> attempt to update.
> Right, the ESRT must be available so that dom0 can discover the
> resources.
>
>> TBH, I'm not sure if those runtime services are really needed. I think
>> Norbert succeeded UEFI update from within Xen PV dom0 with just access
>> to the ESRT table, but without those services.
>>
Marek is right here. I was able to successfully update and downgrade
UFEI when the ESRT table was provided to the Xen PV dom0. I didn't
need any extra services to make the UEFI capsule update work.
> OK, by reading the UEFI spec I assumed that you needed access to
> QueryCapsuleCapabilities and UpdateCapsule in order to perform the
> updates, and those should be proxied using hyopercalls. Maybe this is
> not mandatory and there's a side-band mechanism of doing this?
>
> I think we need more info here.
>
>>> So yes, I agree Xen should make sure the region of the table is not
>>> freed when exiting boot services, and that dom0 can access it. I
>>> guess we should move the checks done by Linux to Xen, and then only
>>> provide the ESRT table to dom0 if the checks (now done by Xen) pass.
>> Yes, something like this. But note currently in the (PV) dom0 case, Xen
>> provides dom0 with a pointer to the whole SystemTable, not individual
>> ConfigurationTables. Making it filter what dom0 gets would require Xen
>> to re-construct the whole thing with just those elements that are
>> desired. Not exactly sure if worth the effort given the privilege dom0
>> has.
> We already do this for ACPI in PVH dom0, where Xen rebuilds the RSDT
> in order to filter out tables that shouldn't be exposed to dom0. If
> possible using something similar for UEFI would be my preference, but
> I certainly haven't investigated at all whether this is feasible.
>
>> BTW How does it look in PVH dom0 case? Does it also get unmodified host
>> EFI SystemTable? In that case, it would be more tricky, because (IIUC)
>> physical addresses (like the one for ESRT table) are not meaningful to
>> PVH dom0.
> For PVH dom0 we should make sure the ESRT is identity mapped into the
> physmap, so that dom0 has access to it. PVH dom0 gets a physical
> memory map that's basically the native one with the RAM regions
> adjusted to match the assigned memory.
>
> We already identity map a bunch of stuff there, so identity mapping
> the ESRT would be likely fine.
>
>>> It might be helpful to see the whole picture here with the hooks to
>>> perform the updates also implemented, as those are missing in Xen (and
>>> Linux?). That would give a clearer view of what you are trying to
>>> achieve IMO.
>> Norbert, can you shed some light on this process?
>>
>> While those two runtime services seems relevant, I see also an update
>> process involving simply dropping some file into ESP (/boot/efi). I'm
>> not sure if some runtime services were involved.
> So then the update is done when rebooting? If we expose the ESRT we
> should also make sure the run-time services related to it are
> available.

Fwupd uses system firmware GUID to recognize its type. UEFI GUID is
provided in the ESRT. Then fwupd checks if the updates/downgrades are
available. In the next step the tool downloads and extracts cabinet
archives in the EFI capsule file format and the capsule updates firmware
after the OS reboot.

---
Best Regards,
Norbert Kamiński
Embedded Systems Engineer
GPG key ID: 9E9F90AFE10F466A
3mdeb.com

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