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Date: Mon, 14 Sep 2020 14:53:54 -0500
From: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@...hat.com>
To: x86@...nel.org, Al Viro <viro@...iv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org,
Linus Torvalds <torvalds@...ux-foundation.org>,
Will Deacon <will@...nel.org>,
Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@...el.com>,
Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@...hat.com>,
Waiman Long <longman@...hat.com>,
Peter Zijlstra <peterz@...radead.org>,
Thomas Gleixner <tglx@...utronix.de>,
Andrew Cooper <andrew.cooper3@...rix.com>,
Andy Lutomirski <luto@...nel.org>,
Christoph Hellwig <hch@....de>,
David Laight <David.Laight@...lab.com>,
Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@....com>
Subject: Re: [PATCH v3] x86/uaccess: Use pointer masking to limit uaccess
speculation
Al,
This depends on Christoph's set_fs() removal patches. Would you be
willing to take this in your tree?
On Thu, Sep 10, 2020 at 12:22:53PM -0500, Josh Poimboeuf wrote:
> The x86 uaccess code uses barrier_nospec() in various places to prevent
> speculative dereferencing of user-controlled pointers (which might be
> combined with further gadgets or CPU bugs to leak data).
>
> There are some issues with the current implementation:
>
> - The barrier_nospec() in copy_from_user() was inadvertently removed
> with: 4b842e4e25b1 ("x86: get rid of small constant size cases in
> raw_copy_{to,from}_user()")
>
> - copy_to_user() and friends should also have a speculation barrier,
> because a speculative write to a user-controlled address can still
> populate the cache line with the original data.
>
> - The LFENCE in barrier_nospec() is overkill, when more lightweight user
> pointer masking can be used instead.
>
> Remove all existing barrier_nospec() usage, and instead do user pointer
> masking, throughout the x86 uaccess code. This is similar to what arm64
> is already doing with uaccess_mask_ptr().
>
> barrier_nospec() is now unused, and can be removed.
>
> Fixes: 4b842e4e25b1 ("x86: get rid of small constant size cases in raw_copy_{to,from}_user()")
> Suggested-by: Will Deacon <will@...nel.org>
> Signed-off-by: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@...hat.com>
> ---
> v3:
>
> - Rebased on vfs#for-next, using TASK_SIZE_MAX now that set_fs() is
> gone. I considered just clearing the most significant bit, but that
> only works for 64-bit, so in the interest of common code I went with
> the more straightforward enforcement of the TASK_SIZE_MAX limit.
>
> - Rename the macro to force_user_ptr(), which is more descriptive, and
> also more distinguishable from a planned future macro for sanitizing
> __user pointers on syscall entry.
>
> Documentation/admin-guide/hw-vuln/spectre.rst | 6 ++--
> arch/x86/include/asm/barrier.h | 3 --
> arch/x86/include/asm/checksum_32.h | 6 ++--
> arch/x86/include/asm/futex.h | 5 +++
> arch/x86/include/asm/uaccess.h | 35 ++++++++++++-------
> arch/x86/include/asm/uaccess_64.h | 16 ++++-----
> arch/x86/lib/csum-wrappers_64.c | 5 +--
> arch/x86/lib/getuser.S | 10 +++---
> arch/x86/lib/putuser.S | 8 +++++
> arch/x86/lib/usercopy_32.c | 6 ++--
> arch/x86/lib/usercopy_64.c | 7 ++--
> lib/iov_iter.c | 2 +-
> 12 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 44 deletions(-)
>
> diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/hw-vuln/spectre.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/hw-vuln/spectre.rst
> index e05e581af5cf..27a8adedd2b8 100644
> --- a/Documentation/admin-guide/hw-vuln/spectre.rst
> +++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/hw-vuln/spectre.rst
> @@ -426,9 +426,9 @@ Spectre variant 1
> <spec_ref2>` to avoid any usable disclosure gadgets. However, it may
> not cover all attack vectors for Spectre variant 1.
>
> - Copy-from-user code has an LFENCE barrier to prevent the access_ok()
> - check from being mis-speculated. The barrier is done by the
> - barrier_nospec() macro.
> + Usercopy code uses user pointer masking to prevent the access_ok()
> + check from being mis-speculated in the success path with a kernel
> + address. The masking is done by the force_user_ptr() macro.
>
> For the swapgs variant of Spectre variant 1, LFENCE barriers are
> added to interrupt, exception and NMI entry where needed. These
> diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/barrier.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/barrier.h
> index 7f828fe49797..d158ea1fa250 100644
> --- a/arch/x86/include/asm/barrier.h
> +++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/barrier.h
> @@ -48,9 +48,6 @@ static inline unsigned long array_index_mask_nospec(unsigned long index,
> /* Override the default implementation from linux/nospec.h. */
> #define array_index_mask_nospec array_index_mask_nospec
>
> -/* Prevent speculative execution past this barrier. */
> -#define barrier_nospec() alternative("", "lfence", X86_FEATURE_LFENCE_RDTSC)
> -
> #define dma_rmb() barrier()
> #define dma_wmb() barrier()
>
> diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/checksum_32.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/checksum_32.h
> index 17da95387997..c7ebc40c6fb9 100644
> --- a/arch/x86/include/asm/checksum_32.h
> +++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/checksum_32.h
> @@ -49,7 +49,8 @@ static inline __wsum csum_and_copy_from_user(const void __user *src,
> might_sleep();
> if (!user_access_begin(src, len))
> return 0;
> - ret = csum_partial_copy_generic((__force void *)src, dst, len);
> + ret = csum_partial_copy_generic((__force void *)force_user_ptr(src),
> + dst, len);
> user_access_end();
>
> return ret;
> @@ -177,8 +178,7 @@ static inline __wsum csum_and_copy_to_user(const void *src,
> might_sleep();
> if (!user_access_begin(dst, len))
> return 0;
> -
> - ret = csum_partial_copy_generic(src, (__force void *)dst, len);
> + ret = csum_partial_copy_generic(src, (__force void *)force_user_ptr(dst), len);
> user_access_end();
> return ret;
> }
> diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/futex.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/futex.h
> index f9c00110a69a..0cecdaa362b1 100644
> --- a/arch/x86/include/asm/futex.h
> +++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/futex.h
> @@ -59,6 +59,8 @@ static __always_inline int arch_futex_atomic_op_inuser(int op, int oparg, int *o
> if (!user_access_begin(uaddr, sizeof(u32)))
> return -EFAULT;
>
> + uaddr = force_user_ptr(uaddr);
> +
> switch (op) {
> case FUTEX_OP_SET:
> unsafe_atomic_op1("xchgl %0, %2", oval, uaddr, oparg, Efault);
> @@ -94,6 +96,9 @@ static inline int futex_atomic_cmpxchg_inatomic(u32 *uval, u32 __user *uaddr,
>
> if (!user_access_begin(uaddr, sizeof(u32)))
> return -EFAULT;
> +
> + uaddr = force_user_ptr(uaddr);
> +
> asm volatile("\n"
> "1:\t" LOCK_PREFIX "cmpxchgl %4, %2\n"
> "2:\n"
> diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/uaccess.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/uaccess.h
> index a4ceda0510ea..d35f6dc22341 100644
> --- a/arch/x86/include/asm/uaccess.h
> +++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/uaccess.h
> @@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
> */
> #include <linux/compiler.h>
> #include <linux/kasan-checks.h>
> +#include <linux/nospec.h>
> #include <linux/string.h>
> #include <asm/asm.h>
> #include <asm/page.h>
> @@ -66,12 +67,23 @@ static inline bool pagefault_disabled(void);
> * Return: true (nonzero) if the memory block may be valid, false (zero)
> * if it is definitely invalid.
> */
> -#define access_ok(addr, size) \
> +#define access_ok(addr, size) \
> ({ \
> WARN_ON_IN_IRQ(); \
> likely(!__range_not_ok(addr, size, TASK_SIZE_MAX)); \
> })
>
> +/*
> + * Sanitize a user pointer such that it becomes NULL if it's not a valid user
> + * pointer. This prevents speculative dereferences of user-controlled pointers
> + * to kernel space when access_ok() speculatively returns true. This should be
> + * done *after* access_ok(), to avoid affecting error handling behavior.
> + */
> +#define force_user_ptr(ptr) \
> + (typeof(ptr)) array_index_nospec((__force unsigned long)ptr, \
> + TASK_SIZE_MAX)
> +
> +
> /*
> * These are the main single-value transfer routines. They automatically
> * use the right size if we just have the right pointer type.
> @@ -95,11 +107,6 @@ extern int __get_user_bad(void);
>
> #define __uaccess_begin() stac()
> #define __uaccess_end() clac()
> -#define __uaccess_begin_nospec() \
> -({ \
> - stac(); \
> - barrier_nospec(); \
> -})
>
> /*
> * This is the smallest unsigned integer type that can fit a value
> @@ -333,7 +340,7 @@ do { \
> __label__ __pu_label; \
> int __pu_err = -EFAULT; \
> __typeof__(*(ptr)) __pu_val = (x); \
> - __typeof__(ptr) __pu_ptr = (ptr); \
> + __typeof__(ptr) __pu_ptr = force_user_ptr(ptr); \
> __typeof__(size) __pu_size = (size); \
> __uaccess_begin(); \
> __put_user_size(__pu_val, __pu_ptr, __pu_size, __pu_label); \
> @@ -347,9 +354,9 @@ __pu_label: \
> ({ \
> int __gu_err; \
> __inttype(*(ptr)) __gu_val; \
> - __typeof__(ptr) __gu_ptr = (ptr); \
> + __typeof__(ptr) __gu_ptr = force_user_ptr(ptr); \
> __typeof__(size) __gu_size = (size); \
> - __uaccess_begin_nospec(); \
> + __uaccess_begin(); \
> __get_user_size(__gu_val, __gu_ptr, __gu_size, __gu_err); \
> __uaccess_end(); \
> (x) = (__force __typeof__(*(ptr)))__gu_val; \
> @@ -458,7 +465,7 @@ static __must_check __always_inline bool user_access_begin(const void __user *pt
> {
> if (unlikely(!access_ok(ptr,len)))
> return 0;
> - __uaccess_begin_nospec();
> + __uaccess_begin();
> return 1;
> }
> #define user_access_begin(a,b) user_access_begin(a,b)
> @@ -467,14 +474,16 @@ static __must_check __always_inline bool user_access_begin(const void __user *pt
> #define user_access_save() smap_save()
> #define user_access_restore(x) smap_restore(x)
>
> -#define unsafe_put_user(x, ptr, label) \
> - __put_user_size((__typeof__(*(ptr)))(x), (ptr), sizeof(*(ptr)), label)
> +#define unsafe_put_user(x, ptr, label) \
> + __put_user_size((__typeof__(*(ptr)))(x), force_user_ptr(ptr), \
> + sizeof(*(ptr)), label)
>
> #define unsafe_get_user(x, ptr, err_label) \
> do { \
> int __gu_err; \
> __inttype(*(ptr)) __gu_val; \
> - __get_user_size(__gu_val, (ptr), sizeof(*(ptr)), __gu_err); \
> + __get_user_size(__gu_val, force_user_ptr(ptr), sizeof(*(ptr)), \
> + __gu_err); \
> (x) = (__force __typeof__(*(ptr)))__gu_val; \
> if (unlikely(__gu_err)) goto err_label; \
> } while (0)
> diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/uaccess_64.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/uaccess_64.h
> index bc10e3dc64fe..84c3a7fd1e9f 100644
> --- a/arch/x86/include/asm/uaccess_64.h
> +++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/uaccess_64.h
> @@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ copy_user_generic(void *to, const void *from, unsigned len)
> }
>
> static __always_inline __must_check unsigned long
> -copy_to_user_mcsafe(void *to, const void *from, unsigned len)
> +copy_to_user_mcsafe(void __user *to, const void *from, size_t len)
> {
> unsigned long ret;
>
> @@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ copy_to_user_mcsafe(void *to, const void *from, unsigned len)
> * handle exceptions / faults. memcpy_mcsafe() may fall back to
> * memcpy() which lacks this handling.
> */
> - ret = __memcpy_mcsafe(to, from, len);
> + ret = __memcpy_mcsafe((__force void *)force_user_ptr(to), from, len);
> __uaccess_end();
> return ret;
> }
> @@ -65,20 +65,20 @@ copy_to_user_mcsafe(void *to, const void *from, unsigned len)
> static __always_inline __must_check unsigned long
> raw_copy_from_user(void *dst, const void __user *src, unsigned long size)
> {
> - return copy_user_generic(dst, (__force void *)src, size);
> + return copy_user_generic(dst, (__force void *)force_user_ptr(src), size);
> }
>
> static __always_inline __must_check unsigned long
> raw_copy_to_user(void __user *dst, const void *src, unsigned long size)
> {
> - return copy_user_generic((__force void *)dst, src, size);
> + return copy_user_generic((__force void *)force_user_ptr(dst), src, size);
> }
>
> static __always_inline __must_check
> unsigned long raw_copy_in_user(void __user *dst, const void __user *src, unsigned long size)
> {
> - return copy_user_generic((__force void *)dst,
> - (__force void *)src, size);
> + return copy_user_generic((__force void *)force_user_ptr(dst),
> + (__force void *)force_user_ptr(src), size);
> }
>
> extern long __copy_user_nocache(void *dst, const void __user *src,
> @@ -93,14 +93,14 @@ __copy_from_user_inatomic_nocache(void *dst, const void __user *src,
> unsigned size)
> {
> kasan_check_write(dst, size);
> - return __copy_user_nocache(dst, src, size, 0);
> + return __copy_user_nocache(dst, force_user_ptr(src), size, 0);
> }
>
> static inline int
> __copy_from_user_flushcache(void *dst, const void __user *src, unsigned size)
> {
> kasan_check_write(dst, size);
> - return __copy_user_flushcache(dst, src, size);
> + return __copy_user_flushcache(dst, force_user_ptr(src), size);
> }
>
> unsigned long
> diff --git a/arch/x86/lib/csum-wrappers_64.c b/arch/x86/lib/csum-wrappers_64.c
> index 189344924a2b..8872f2233491 100644
> --- a/arch/x86/lib/csum-wrappers_64.c
> +++ b/arch/x86/lib/csum-wrappers_64.c
> @@ -28,7 +28,8 @@ csum_and_copy_from_user(const void __user *src, void *dst, int len)
> might_sleep();
> if (!user_access_begin(src, len))
> return 0;
> - sum = csum_partial_copy_generic((__force const void *)src, dst, len);
> + sum = csum_partial_copy_generic((__force const void *)force_user_ptr(src),
> + dst, len);
> user_access_end();
> return sum;
> }
> @@ -53,7 +54,7 @@ csum_and_copy_to_user(const void *src, void __user *dst, int len)
> might_sleep();
> if (!user_access_begin(dst, len))
> return 0;
> - sum = csum_partial_copy_generic(src, (void __force *)dst, len);
> + sum = csum_partial_copy_generic(src, (void __force *)force_user_ptr(dst), len);
> user_access_end();
> return sum;
> }
> diff --git a/arch/x86/lib/getuser.S b/arch/x86/lib/getuser.S
> index 2f052bc96866..5a95ed6a0a36 100644
> --- a/arch/x86/lib/getuser.S
> +++ b/arch/x86/lib/getuser.S
> @@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ SYM_FUNC_START(__get_user_1)
> LOAD_TASK_SIZE_MINUS_N(0)
> cmp %_ASM_DX,%_ASM_AX
> jae bad_get_user
> - sbb %_ASM_DX, %_ASM_DX /* array_index_mask_nospec() */
> + sbb %_ASM_DX, %_ASM_DX /* force_user_ptr() */
> and %_ASM_DX, %_ASM_AX
> ASM_STAC
> 1: movzbl (%_ASM_AX),%edx
> @@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ SYM_FUNC_START(__get_user_2)
> LOAD_TASK_SIZE_MINUS_N(1)
> cmp %_ASM_DX,%_ASM_AX
> jae bad_get_user
> - sbb %_ASM_DX, %_ASM_DX /* array_index_mask_nospec() */
> + sbb %_ASM_DX, %_ASM_DX /* force_user_ptr() */
> and %_ASM_DX, %_ASM_AX
> ASM_STAC
> 2: movzwl (%_ASM_AX),%edx
> @@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ SYM_FUNC_START(__get_user_4)
> LOAD_TASK_SIZE_MINUS_N(3)
> cmp %_ASM_DX,%_ASM_AX
> jae bad_get_user
> - sbb %_ASM_DX, %_ASM_DX /* array_index_mask_nospec() */
> + sbb %_ASM_DX, %_ASM_DX /* force_user_ptr() */
> and %_ASM_DX, %_ASM_AX
> ASM_STAC
> 3: movl (%_ASM_AX),%edx
> @@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ SYM_FUNC_START(__get_user_8)
> LOAD_TASK_SIZE_MINUS_N(7)
> cmp %_ASM_DX,%_ASM_AX
> jae bad_get_user
> - sbb %_ASM_DX, %_ASM_DX /* array_index_mask_nospec() */
> + sbb %_ASM_DX, %_ASM_DX /* force_user_ptr() */
> and %_ASM_DX, %_ASM_AX
> ASM_STAC
> 4: movq (%_ASM_AX),%rdx
> @@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ SYM_FUNC_START(__get_user_8)
> LOAD_TASK_SIZE_MINUS_N(7)
> cmp %_ASM_DX,%_ASM_AX
> jae bad_get_user_8
> - sbb %_ASM_DX, %_ASM_DX /* array_index_mask_nospec() */
> + sbb %_ASM_DX, %_ASM_DX /* force_user_ptr() */
> and %_ASM_DX, %_ASM_AX
> ASM_STAC
> 4: movl (%_ASM_AX),%edx
> diff --git a/arch/x86/lib/putuser.S b/arch/x86/lib/putuser.S
> index 358239d77dff..3db4e263fcfb 100644
> --- a/arch/x86/lib/putuser.S
> +++ b/arch/x86/lib/putuser.S
> @@ -45,6 +45,8 @@ SYM_FUNC_START(__put_user_1)
> LOAD_TASK_SIZE_MINUS_N(0)
> cmp %_ASM_BX,%_ASM_CX
> jae .Lbad_put_user
> + sbb %_ASM_BX, %_ASM_BX /* force_user_ptr() */
> + and %_ASM_BX, %_ASM_CX
> ASM_STAC
> 1: movb %al,(%_ASM_CX)
> xor %eax,%eax
> @@ -57,6 +59,8 @@ SYM_FUNC_START(__put_user_2)
> LOAD_TASK_SIZE_MINUS_N(1)
> cmp %_ASM_BX,%_ASM_CX
> jae .Lbad_put_user
> + sbb %_ASM_BX, %_ASM_BX /* force_user_ptr() */
> + and %_ASM_BX, %_ASM_CX
> ASM_STAC
> 2: movw %ax,(%_ASM_CX)
> xor %eax,%eax
> @@ -69,6 +73,8 @@ SYM_FUNC_START(__put_user_4)
> LOAD_TASK_SIZE_MINUS_N(3)
> cmp %_ASM_BX,%_ASM_CX
> jae .Lbad_put_user
> + sbb %_ASM_BX, %_ASM_BX /* force_user_ptr() */
> + and %_ASM_BX, %_ASM_CX
> ASM_STAC
> 3: movl %eax,(%_ASM_CX)
> xor %eax,%eax
> @@ -81,6 +87,8 @@ SYM_FUNC_START(__put_user_8)
> LOAD_TASK_SIZE_MINUS_N(7)
> cmp %_ASM_BX,%_ASM_CX
> jae .Lbad_put_user
> + sbb %_ASM_BX, %_ASM_BX /* force_user_ptr() */
> + and %_ASM_BX, %_ASM_CX
> ASM_STAC
> 4: mov %_ASM_AX,(%_ASM_CX)
> #ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
> diff --git a/arch/x86/lib/usercopy_32.c b/arch/x86/lib/usercopy_32.c
> index 7d290777246d..1ac802c9e685 100644
> --- a/arch/x86/lib/usercopy_32.c
> +++ b/arch/x86/lib/usercopy_32.c
> @@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ clear_user(void __user *to, unsigned long n)
> {
> might_fault();
> if (access_ok(to, n))
> - __do_clear_user(to, n);
> + __do_clear_user(force_user_ptr(to), n);
> return n;
> }
> EXPORT_SYMBOL(clear_user);
> @@ -331,7 +331,7 @@ do { \
>
> unsigned long __copy_user_ll(void *to, const void *from, unsigned long n)
> {
> - __uaccess_begin_nospec();
> + __uaccess_begin();
> if (movsl_is_ok(to, from, n))
> __copy_user(to, from, n);
> else
> @@ -344,7 +344,7 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL(__copy_user_ll);
> unsigned long __copy_from_user_ll_nocache_nozero(void *to, const void __user *from,
> unsigned long n)
> {
> - __uaccess_begin_nospec();
> + __uaccess_begin();
> #ifdef CONFIG_X86_INTEL_USERCOPY
> if (n > 64 && static_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_XMM2))
> n = __copy_user_intel_nocache(to, from, n);
> diff --git a/arch/x86/lib/usercopy_64.c b/arch/x86/lib/usercopy_64.c
> index b0dfac3d3df7..bb6d0681e60f 100644
> --- a/arch/x86/lib/usercopy_64.c
> +++ b/arch/x86/lib/usercopy_64.c
> @@ -42,7 +42,8 @@ unsigned long __clear_user(void __user *addr, unsigned long size)
> _ASM_EXTABLE_UA(0b, 3b)
> _ASM_EXTABLE_UA(1b, 2b)
> : [size8] "=&c"(size), [dst] "=&D" (__d0)
> - : [size1] "r"(size & 7), "[size8]" (size / 8), "[dst]"(addr));
> + : [size1] "r"(size & 7), "[size8]" (size / 8),
> + "[dst]" (force_user_ptr(addr)));
> clac();
> return size;
> }
> @@ -51,7 +52,7 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL(__clear_user);
> unsigned long clear_user(void __user *to, unsigned long n)
> {
> if (access_ok(to, n))
> - return __clear_user(to, n);
> + return __clear_user(force_user_ptr(to), n);
> return n;
> }
> EXPORT_SYMBOL(clear_user);
> @@ -108,7 +109,7 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(arch_wb_cache_pmem);
> long __copy_user_flushcache(void *dst, const void __user *src, unsigned size)
> {
> unsigned long flushed, dest = (unsigned long) dst;
> - long rc = __copy_user_nocache(dst, src, size, 0);
> + long rc = __copy_user_nocache(dst, force_user_ptr(src), size, 0);
>
> /*
> * __copy_user_nocache() uses non-temporal stores for the bulk
> diff --git a/lib/iov_iter.c b/lib/iov_iter.c
> index ccb247faf79b..ca416e1a489f 100644
> --- a/lib/iov_iter.c
> +++ b/lib/iov_iter.c
> @@ -642,7 +642,7 @@ static int copyout_mcsafe(void __user *to, const void *from, size_t n)
> {
> if (access_ok(to, n)) {
> instrument_copy_to_user(to, from, n);
> - n = copy_to_user_mcsafe((__force void *) to, from, n);
> + n = copy_to_user_mcsafe(to, from, n);
> }
> return n;
> }
> --
> 2.25.4
>
--
Josh
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