Date:   Wed, 23 Sep 2020 10:50:32 +0200
From:   Vincent Guittot <vincent.guittot@...aro.org>
To:     "Li, Aubrey" <aubrey.li@...ux.intel.com>
Cc:     Mel Gorman <mgorman@...e.de>, Ingo Molnar <mingo@...hat.com>,
        Peter Zijlstra <peterz@...radead.org>,
        Juri Lelli <juri.lelli@...hat.com>,
        Dietmar Eggemann <dietmar.eggemann@....com>,
        Steven Rostedt <rostedt@...dmis.org>,
        Ben Segall <bsegall@...gle.com>,
        Valentin Schneider <valentin.schneider@....com>,
        Tim Chen <tim.c.chen@...ux.intel.com>,
        linux-kernel <linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org>,
        Qais Yousef <qais.yousef@....com>,
        Jiang Biao <benbjiang@...il.com>
Subject: Re: [RFC PATCH v2] sched/fair: select idle cpu from idle cpumask in
 sched domain

On Wed, 23 Sep 2020 at 04:59, Li, Aubrey <aubrey.li@...ux.intel.com> wrote:
>
> Hi Vincent,
>
> On 2020/9/22 15:14, Vincent Guittot wrote:
> > On Tue, 22 Sep 2020 at 05:33, Li, Aubrey <aubrey.li@...ux.intel.com> wrote:
> >>
> >> On 2020/9/21 23:21, Vincent Guittot wrote:
> >>> On Mon, 21 Sep 2020 at 17:14, Vincent Guittot
> >>> <vincent.guittot@...aro.org> wrote:
> >>>>
> >>>> On Thu, 17 Sep 2020 at 11:21, Li, Aubrey <aubrey.li@...ux.intel.com> wrote:
> >>>>>
> >>>>> On 2020/9/16 19:00, Mel Gorman wrote:
> >>>>>> On Wed, Sep 16, 2020 at 12:31:03PM +0800, Aubrey Li wrote:
> >>>>>>> Added idle cpumask to track idle cpus in sched domain. When a CPU
> >>>>>>> enters idle, its corresponding bit in the idle cpumask will be set,
> >>>>>>> and when the CPU exits idle, its bit will be cleared.
> >>>>>>>
> >>>>>>> When a task wakes up to select an idle cpu, scanning idle cpumask
> >>>>>>> has low cost than scanning all the cpus in last level cache domain,
> >>>>>>> especially when the system is heavily loaded.
> >>>>>>>
> >>>>>>> The following benchmarks were tested on a x86 4 socket system with
> >>>>>>> 24 cores per socket and 2 hyperthreads per core, total 192 CPUs:
> >>>>>>>
> >>>>>>
> >>>>>> This still appears to be tied to turning the tick off. An idle CPU
> >>>>>> available for computation does not necessarily have the tick turned off
> >>>>>> if it's for short periods of time. When nohz is disabled or a machine is
> >>>>>> active enough that CPUs are not disabling the tick, select_idle_cpu may
> >>>>>> fail to select an idle CPU and instead stack tasks on the old CPU.
> >>>>>>
> >>>>>> The other subtlety is that select_idle_sibling() currently allows a
> >>>>>> SCHED_IDLE cpu to be used as a wakeup target. The CPU is not really
> >>>>>> idle as such, it's simply running a low priority task that is suitable
> >>>>>> for preemption. I suspect this patch breaks that.
> >>>>>>
> >>>>> Thanks!
> >>>>>
> >>>>> I shall post a v3 with performance data, I made a quick uperf testing and
> >>>>> found the benefit is still there. So I posted the patch here and looking
> >>>>> forward to your comments before I start the benchmarks.
> >>>>>
> >>>>> Thanks,
> >>>>> -Aubrey
> >>>>>
> >>>>> -----------------------------------------------------------------------
> >>>>> diff --git a/include/linux/sched/topology.h b/include/linux/sched/topology.h
> >>>>> index fb11091129b3..43a641d26154 100644
> >>>>> --- a/include/linux/sched/topology.h
> >>>>> +++ b/include/linux/sched/topology.h
> >>>>> @@ -65,8 +65,21 @@ struct sched_domain_shared {
> >>>>>         atomic_t        ref;
> >>>>>         atomic_t        nr_busy_cpus;
> >>>>>         int             has_idle_cores;
> >>>>> +       /*
> >>>>> +        * Span of all idle CPUs in this domain.
> >>>>> +        *
> >>>>> +        * NOTE: this field is variable length. (Allocated dynamically
> >>>>> +        * by attaching extra space to the end of the structure,
> >>>>> +        * depending on how many CPUs the kernel has booted up with)
> >>>>> +        */
> >>>>> +       unsigned long   idle_cpus_span[];
> >>>>>  };
> >>>>>
> >>>>> +static inline struct cpumask *sds_idle_cpus(struct sched_domain_shared *sds)
> >>>>> +{
> >>>>> +       return to_cpumask(sds->idle_cpus_span);
> >>>>> +}
> >>>>> +
> >>>>>  struct sched_domain {
> >>>>>         /* These fields must be setup */
> >>>>>         struct sched_domain __rcu *parent;      /* top domain must be null terminated */
> >>>>> diff --git a/kernel/sched/fair.c b/kernel/sched/fair.c
> >>>>> index 6b3b59cc51d6..9a3c82645472 100644
> >>>>> --- a/kernel/sched/fair.c
> >>>>> +++ b/kernel/sched/fair.c
> >>>>> @@ -6023,6 +6023,26 @@ void __update_idle_core(struct rq *rq)
> >>>>>         rcu_read_unlock();
> >>>>>  }
> >>>>>
> >>>>> +/*
> >>>>> + * Update cpu idle state and record this information
> >>>>> + * in sd_llc_shared->idle_cpus_span.
> >>>>> + */
> >>>>> +void update_idle_cpumask(struct rq *rq)
> >>>>> +{
> >>>>> +       struct sched_domain *sd;
> >>>>> +       int cpu = cpu_of(rq);
> >>>>> +
> >>>>> +       rcu_read_lock();
> >>>>> +       sd = rcu_dereference(per_cpu(sd_llc, cpu));
> >>>>> +       if (!sd || !sd->shared)
> >>>>> +               goto unlock;
> >>>>> +       if (!available_idle_cpu(cpu) || !sched_idle_cpu(cpu))
> >>>>> +               goto unlock;
> >>>>> +       cpumask_set_cpu(cpu, sds_idle_cpus(sd->shared));
> >>>>> +unlock:
> >>>>> +       rcu_read_unlock();
> >>>>> +}
> >>>>> +
> >>>>>  /*
> >>>>>   * Scan the entire LLC domain for idle cores; this dynamically switches off if
> >>>>>   * there are no idle cores left in the system; tracked through
> >>>>> @@ -6136,7 +6156,12 @@ static int select_idle_cpu(struct task_struct *p, struct sched_domain *sd, int t
> >>>>>
> >>>>>         time = cpu_clock(this);
> >>>>>
> >>>>> -       cpumask_and(cpus, sched_domain_span(sd), p->cpus_ptr);
> >>>>> +       /*
> >>>>> +        * sched_domain_shared is set only at shared cache level,
> >>>>> +        * this works only because select_idle_cpu is called with
> >>>>> +        * sd_llc.
> >>>>> +        */
> >>>>> +       cpumask_and(cpus, sds_idle_cpus(sd->shared), p->cpus_ptr);
> >>>>>
> >>>>>         for_each_cpu_wrap(cpu, cpus, target) {
> >>>>>                 if (!--nr)
> >>>>> @@ -6712,6 +6737,10 @@ select_task_rq_fair(struct task_struct *p, int prev_cpu, int sd_flag, int wake_f
> >>>>>
> >>>>>                 if (want_affine)
> >>>>>                         current->recent_used_cpu = cpu;
> >>>>> +
> >>>>> +               sd = rcu_dereference(per_cpu(sd_llc, new_cpu));
> >>>>> +               if (sd && sd->shared)
> >>>>> +                       cpumask_clear_cpu(new_cpu, sds_idle_cpus(sd->shared));
> >>>>
> >>>> Why are you clearing the bit only for the fast path ? the slow path
> >>>> can also select an idle CPU
> >>
> >> Right, I saw idle core searching is turned off in the fast path only too,
> >> because next wakeup we'll check if the CPU is idle, this only affects the
> >> idle cpu searching span.
> >>
> >>>>
> >>>> Then, I'm afraid that updating a cpumask at each and every task wakeup
> >>>> will be far too expensive. That's why we are ot updating
> >>>
> >>> That's why we are not updating
> >>
> >> AFAIK, uperf/netperf is the workload with bunches of short idles, do you
> >> have any other workloads in your mind? I can measure to verify this.
> >>>
> >>>> nohz.idle_cpus_mask at each and every enter/exit idle but only once
> >>>> per tick.
> >> Yes, agreed, need more think about this, especially if the data is really
> >> bad.
> >>
> >>>>
> >>>> And a quick test with hackbench on my octo cores arm64 gives for 12
> >>>> iterations of: hackbench -l 2560 -g 1
> >>>> tip/sched/core :  1.324(+/- 1.26%)
> >>>> with this patch :  2.419(+/- 12.31%) -82% regression
> >>
> >> Can you please clarify this, is this running 2560 loops and 1 group?
> >
> > yes it's 2560 loops and 1 group and I run 12 times the bench:
> > $ hackbench -l 2560 -g 1
> > Running in process mode with 1 groups using 40 file descriptors each
> > (== 40 tasks)
> > Each sender will pass 2560 messages of 100 bytes
> > Time: 2.953
> >
> > you can also have a look at perf sched pipe
> > tip/sched/core
> > $ perf bench sched pipe -T -l 50000
> > # Running 'sched/pipe' benchmark:
> > # Executed 50000 pipe operations between two threads
> >
> >      Total time: 0.980 [sec]
> >
> >       19.609160 usecs/op
> >           50996 ops/sec
> >
> > With your patch :
> > $ perf bench sched pipe -T -l 50000
> > # Running 'sched/pipe' benchmark:
> > # Executed 50000 pipe operations between two threads
> >
> >      Total time: 1.283 [sec]
> >
> >       25.674200 usecs/op
> >           38949 ops/sec
> >
> > which is a 23% regression
>
> This is interesting, 10 iterations data on my side:
>
> $ cat upstream.log | grep Total
>      Total time: 0.799 [sec]
>      Total time: 0.513 [sec]
>      Total time: 0.658 [sec]
>      Total time: 0.499 [sec]
>      Total time: 0.644 [sec]
>      Total time: 0.758 [sec]
>      Total time: 0.576 [sec]
>      Total time: 0.864 [sec]
>      Total time: 0.566 [sec]
>      Total time: 0.694 [sec]
>      Total time: 0.609 [sec]
>
> $ cat idle_cpumask.log | grep Total
>      Total time: 0.595 [sec]
>      Total time: 0.519 [sec]
>      Total time: 0.592 [sec]
>      Total time: 0.504 [sec]
>      Total time: 0.440 [sec]
>      Total time: 0.676 [sec]
>      Total time: 0.683 [sec]
>      Total time: 0.437 [sec]
>      Total time: 0.460 [sec]
>      Total time: 0.473 [sec]
>      Total time: 0.478 [sec]
>
> That is, there is a 18.53% improvement.
> ========================================
>   cases         avg             std
>   5.8.10        0.653           17.958
>   idle_cpumask  0.532           16.916
>
> Is this caused by the architecture specific atomic operations?
> I also noticed I have shorter total time of both hackbench and perf sched
> pipe.

TBH, I'm surprised that perf sched pipe is shorter with your patch. It
adds more code to run but don't take advantage of a shorter cpumask in
select_idle_cpu() because it either skips select_idle_cpu() if
previous cpu is idle which should be the case in this light loaded
benchmark or the cpumask should be quite the same as the sched_domain
span

The sequence is :

select_task_rq_fair()
    select prev which should be idle
    +cpumask_clear_cpu(new_cpu, sds_idle_cpus(sd->shared));

pick_next_task_fair()

set_next_task_fair()
    +unlikely update_idle_cpumask(rq);

wake up other side

go back to sleep

put_prev_task_fair

pick_next_task_idle

set_next_task_idle
    +update_idle_cpumask(rq)

>
> Would you mind share uperf(netperf load) result on your side? That's the
> workload I have seen the most benefit this patch contributed under heavy
> load level.

with uperf, i've got the same kind of result as sched pipe
tip/sched/core: Throughput 24.83Mb/s (+/- 0.09%)
with this patch:  Throughput 19.02Mb/s (+/- 0.71%) which is a 23%
regression as for sched pipe

>
> Maybe I should look for the architecture specific implementation? Any clue?
>
> >
> >> 10 iterations "./hackbench 1 process 2560" on my side are:
> >>
> >> 5.8.10: 0.14(+/- 12.01%)
> >> =========================
> >> [0.089, 0.148, 0.147, 0.141, 0.143, 0.143, 0.143, 0.146, 0.143, 0.142]
> >> Score:   avg - 0.1385, std - 12.01%
> >>
> >> With this patch
> >> ================
> >> [0.095, 0.142, 0.143, 0.142, 0.15, 0.146, 0.144, 0.145, 0.143, 0.145]
> >> Score:   avg - 0.1395, std - 10.88%
> >>
> >> I didn't see such big regression.
> >>
> >>>>
> >>>>>         }
> >>>>>         rcu_read_unlock();
> >>>>>
> >>>>> @@ -10871,6 +10900,9 @@ static void set_next_task_fair(struct rq *rq, struct task_struct *p, bool first)
> >>>>>                 /* ensure bandwidth has been allocated on our new cfs_rq */
> >>>>>                 account_cfs_rq_runtime(cfs_rq, 0);
> >>>>>         }
> >>>>> +       /* Update idle cpumask if task has idle policy */
> >>>>> +       if (unlikely(task_has_idle_policy(p)))
> >>>>> +               update_idle_cpumask(rq);
> >>>>
> >>>> it's wrong because a sched_idle task will run for time to time even
> >>>> when some cfs tasks are runnable
> >>>>
> >> Sorry I didn't get your point. The intention here is to add a SCHED_IDLE cpu to the idle cpumask,
> >> so that this cpu can be used as a target for wakeup preemption.
> >
> > a cpu with sched_idle tasks can be considered idle iff there is only
> > sched_idle tasks runnable. Look at sched_idle_cpu()
> >
> You are right, thanks to point this out.
>
> Thanks,
> -Aubrey
> >>
> >>>>>  }
> >>>>>
> >>>>>  void init_cfs_rq(struct cfs_rq *cfs_rq)
> >>>>> diff --git a/kernel/sched/idle.c b/kernel/sched/idle.c
> >>>>> index 1ae95b9150d3..876dfdfe35bb 100644
> >>>>> --- a/kernel/sched/idle.c
> >>>>> +++ b/kernel/sched/idle.c
> >>>>> @@ -405,6 +405,7 @@ static void put_prev_task_idle(struct rq *rq, struct task_struct *prev)
> >>>>>  static void set_next_task_idle(struct rq *rq, struct task_struct *next, bool first)
> >>>>>  {
> >>>>>         update_idle_core(rq);
> >>>>> +       update_idle_cpumask(rq);
> >>>>>         schedstat_inc(rq->sched_goidle);
> >>>>>  }
> >>>>>
> >>>>> diff --git a/kernel/sched/sched.h b/kernel/sched/sched.h
> >>>>> index c82857e2e288..7a3355f61bcf 100644
> >>>>> --- a/kernel/sched/sched.h
> >>>>> +++ b/kernel/sched/sched.h
> >>>>> @@ -1069,6 +1069,7 @@ static inline void update_idle_core(struct rq *rq)
> >>>>>  #else
> >>>>>  static inline void update_idle_core(struct rq *rq) { }
> >>>>>  #endif
> >>>>> +void update_idle_cpumask(struct rq *rq);
> >>>>>
> >>>>>  DECLARE_PER_CPU_SHARED_ALIGNED(struct rq, runqueues);
> >>>>>
> >>>>> diff --git a/kernel/sched/topology.c b/kernel/sched/topology.c
> >>>>> index 9079d865a935..f14a6ef4de57 100644
> >>>>> --- a/kernel/sched/topology.c
> >>>>> +++ b/kernel/sched/topology.c
> >>>>> @@ -1407,6 +1407,7 @@ sd_init(struct sched_domain_topology_level *tl,
> >>>>>                 sd->shared = *per_cpu_ptr(sdd->sds, sd_id);
> >>>>>                 atomic_inc(&sd->shared->ref);
> >>>>>                 atomic_set(&sd->shared->nr_busy_cpus, sd_weight);
> >>>>> +               cpumask_copy(sds_idle_cpus(sd->shared), sched_domain_span(sd));
> >>>>>         }
> >>>>>
> >>>>>         sd->private = sdd;
> >>>>> @@ -1769,7 +1770,7 @@ static int __sdt_alloc(const struct cpumask *cpu_map)
> >>>>>
> >>>>>                         *per_cpu_ptr(sdd->sd, j) = sd;
> >>>>>
> >>>>> -                       sds = kzalloc_node(sizeof(struct sched_domain_shared),
> >>>>> +                       sds = kzalloc_node(sizeof(struct sched_domain_shared) + cpumask_size(),
> >>>>>                                         GFP_KERNEL, cpu_to_node(j));
> >>>>>                         if (!sds)
> >>>>>                                 return -ENOMEM;
> >>>>>
> >>
>

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