linux-kernel - Re: [PATCH v7 6/6] rcu/segcblist: Add additional comments to explain smp

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Date:   Fri, 16 Oct 2020 23:19:41 -0400
From:   joel@...lfernandes.org
To:     Frederic Weisbecker <frederic@...nel.org>
Cc:     linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org, Ingo Molnar <mingo@...hat.com>,
        Josh Triplett <josh@...htriplett.org>,
        Lai Jiangshan <jiangshanlai@...il.com>,
        Marco Elver <elver@...gle.com>,
        Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@...icios.com>,
        "Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@...nel.org>, rcu@...r.kernel.org,
        Steven Rostedt <rostedt@...dmis.org>,
        "Uladzislau Rezki (Sony)" <urezki@...il.com>, fweisbec@...il.com,
        neeraj.iitr10@...il.com, stern@...land.harvard.edu
Subject: Re: [PATCH v7 6/6] rcu/segcblist: Add additional comments to explain
 smp_mb()

On Fri, Oct 16, 2020 at 09:27:53PM -0400, joel@...lfernandes.org wrote:
[..]
> > > + *
> > > + * Memory barrier is needed after adding to length for the case
> > > + * where length transitions from 0 -> 1. This is because rcu_barrier()
> > > + * should never miss an update to the length. So the update to length
> > > + * has to be seen *before* any modifications to the segmented list. Otherwise a
> > > + * race can happen.
> > > + * P0 (what P1 sees)	P1
> > > + * queue to list
> > > + *                      rcu_barrier sees len as 0
> > > + * set len = 1.
> > > + *                      rcu_barrier does nothing.
> > 
> > So that would be:
> > 
> >       call_rcu()                    rcu_barrier()
> >       --                            --
> >       WRITE(len, len + 1)           l = READ(len)
> >       smp_mb()                      if (!l)
> >       queue                            check next CPU...
> > 
> > 
> > But I still don't see against what it pairs in rcu_barrier.
> 
> Actually, for the second case maybe a similar reasoning can be applied
> (control dependency) but I'm unable to come up with a litmus test.
> In fact, now I'm wondering how is it possible that call_rcu() races with
> rcu_barrier(). The module should ensure that no more call_rcu() should happen
> before rcu_barrier() is called.
> 
> confused

So I made a litmus test to show that smp_mb() is needed also after the update
to length. Basically, otherwise it is possible the callback will see garbage
that the module cleanup/unload did.

C rcubarrier+ctrldep

(*
 * Result: Never
 *
 * This litmus test shows that rcu_barrier (P1) prematurely
 * returning by reading len 0 can cause issues if P0 does
 * NOT have a smb_mb() after WRITE_ONCE(len, 1).
 * mod_data == 2 means module was unloaded (so data is garbage).
 *)

{ int len = 0; int enq = 0; }

P0(int *len, int *mod_data, int *enq)
{
	int r0;

	WRITE_ONCE(*len, 1);
	smp_mb();		/* Needed! */
	WRITE_ONCE(*enq, 1);

	r0 = READ_ONCE(*mod_data);
}

P1(int *len, int *mod_data, int *enq)
{
	int r0;
	int r1;

	r1 = READ_ONCE(*enq);

	// barrier Just for test purpose ("exists" clause) to force the..
	// ..rcu_barrier() to see enq before len
	smp_mb();		
	r0 = READ_ONCE(*len);

	// implicit memory barrier due to conditional */
	if (r0 == 0)
		WRITE_ONCE(*mod_data, 2);
}

// Did P0 read garbage?
exists (0:r0=2 /\ 1:r0=0 /\ 1:r1=1)