Date:   Mon, 9 Nov 2020 18:04:11 +0530
From:   Syed Nayyar Waris <syednwaris@...il.com>
To:     Arnd Bergmann <arnd@...nel.org>
Cc:     William Breathitt Gray <vilhelm.gray@...il.com>,
        Linus Walleij <linus.walleij@...aro.org>,
        Andrew Morton <akpm@...ux-foundation.org>,
        "open list:GPIO SUBSYSTEM" <linux-gpio@...r.kernel.org>,
        "linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org" <linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org>,
        Michal Simek <michal.simek@...inx.com>,
        Bartosz Golaszewski <bgolaszewski@...libre.com>,
        Andy Shevchenko <andriy.shevchenko@...ux.intel.com>,
        Linux ARM <linux-arm-kernel@...ts.infradead.org>
Subject: Re: [PATCH v12 4/4] gpio: xilinx: Utilize generic bitmap_get_value
 and _set_value

On Sun, Nov 01, 2020 at 09:08:29PM +0100, Arnd Bergmann wrote:
> On Sun, Nov 1, 2020 at 4:00 PM William Breathitt Gray
> <vilhelm.gray@...il.com> wrote:
> >
> > On Thu, Oct 29, 2020 at 11:44:47PM +0100, Arnd Bergmann wrote:
> > > On Sun, Oct 18, 2020 at 11:44 PM Syed Nayyar Waris <syednwaris@...il.com> wrote:
> > > >
> > > > This patch reimplements the xgpio_set_multiple() function in
> > > > drivers/gpio/gpio-xilinx.c to use the new generic functions:
> > > > bitmap_get_value() and bitmap_set_value(). The code is now simpler
> > > > to read and understand. Moreover, instead of looping for each bit
> > > > in xgpio_set_multiple() function, now we can check each channel at
> > > > a time and save cycles.
> > >
> > > This now causes -Wtype-limits warnings in linux-next with gcc-10:
> >
> > Hi Arnd,
> >
> > What version of gcc-10 are you running? I'm having trouble generating
> > these warnings so I suspect I'm using a different version than you.
> 
> I originally saw it with the binaries from
> https://mirrors.edge.kernel.org/pub/tools/crosstool/, but I have
> also been able to reproduce it with a minimal test case on the
> binaries from godbolt.org, see https://godbolt.org/z/Wq8q4n
> 
> > Let me first verify that I understand the problem correctly. The issue
> > is the possibility of a stack smash in bitmap_set_value() when the value
> > of start + nbits is larger than the length of the map bitmap memory
> > region. This is because index (or index + 1) could be outside the range
> > of the bitmap memory region passed in as map. Is my understanding
> > correct here?
> 
> Yes, that seems to be the case here.
> 
> > In xgpio_set_multiple(), the variables width[0] and width[1] serve as
> > possible start and nbits values for the bitmap_set_value() calls.
> > Because width[0] and width[1] are unsigned int variables, GCC considers
> > the possibility that the value of width[0]/width[1] might exceed the
> > length of the bitmap memory region named old and thus result in a stack
> > smash.
> >
> > I don't know if invalid width values are actually possible for the
> > Xilinx gpio device, but let's err on the side of safety and assume this
> > is actually a possibility. We should verify that the combined value of
> > gpio_width[0] + gpio_width[1] does not exceed 64 bits; we can add a
> > check for this in xgpio_probe() when we grab the gpio_width values.
> >
> > However, we're still left with the GCC warnings because GCC is not smart
> > enough to know that we've already checked the boundary and width[0] and
> > width[1] are valid values. I suspect we can avoid this warning is we
> > refactor bitmap_set_value() to increment map seperately and then set it:
> 
> As I understand it, part of the problem is that gcc sees the possible
> range as being constrained by the operations on 'start' and 'nbits',
> in particular the shift in BIT_WORD() that put an upper bound on
> the index, but then it sees that the upper bound is higher than the
> upper bound of the array, i.e. element zero.
> 
> I added a check
> 
>       if (start >= 64 || start + size >= 64) return;
> 
> in the godbolt.org testcase, which does help limit the start
> index appropriately, but it is not sufficient to let the compiler
> see that the 'if (space >= nbits) ' condition is guaranteed to
> be true for all values here.
> 
> > static inline void bitmap_set_value(unsigned long *map,
> >                                     unsigned long value,
> >                                     unsigned long start, unsigned long nbits)
> > {
> >         const unsigned long offset = start % BITS_PER_LONG;
> >         const unsigned long ceiling = round_up(start + 1, BITS_PER_LONG);
> >         const unsigned long space = ceiling - start;
> >
> >         map += BIT_WORD(start);
> >         value &= GENMASK(nbits - 1, 0);
> >
> >         if (space >= nbits) {
> >                 *map &= ~(GENMASK(nbits - 1, 0) << offset);
> >                 *map |= value << offset;
> >         } else {
> >                 *map &= ~BITMAP_FIRST_WORD_MASK(start);
> >                 *map |= value << offset;
> >                 map++;
> >                 *map &= ~BITMAP_LAST_WORD_MASK(start + nbits);
> >                 *map |= value >> space;
> >         }
> > }
> >
> > This avoids adding a costly conditional check inside bitmap_set_value()
> > when almost all bitmap_set_value() calls will have static arguments with
> > well-defined and obvious boundaries.
> >
> > Do you think this would be an acceptable solution to resolve your GCC
> > warnings?
> 
> Unfortunately, it does not seem to make a difference, as gcc still
> knows that this compiles to the same result, and it produces the same
> warning as before (see https://godbolt.org/z/rjx34r)
> 
>          Arnd

Hi Arnd,

Sharing a different version of bitmap_set_valuei() function. See below.

Let me know if the below solution looks good to you and if it resolves
the above compiler warning.


@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 static inline void bitmap_set_value(unsigned long *map,
-                                    unsigned long value,
+                                    unsigned long value, const size_t length,
                                     unsigned long start, unsigned long nbits)
 {
         const size_t index = BIT_WORD(start);
@@ -7,6 +7,9 @@ static inline void bitmap_set_value(unsigned long *map,
         const unsigned long ceiling = round_up(start + 1, BITS_PER_LONG);
         const unsigned long space = ceiling - start;
 
+       if (index >= length)
+               return;
+
         value &= GENMASK(nbits - 1, 0);
 
         if (space >= nbits) {
@@ -15,6 +18,10 @@ static inline void bitmap_set_value(unsigned long *map,
         } else {
                 map[index + 0] &= ~BITMAP_FIRST_WORD_MASK(start);
                 map[index + 0] |= value << offset;
+
+               if (index + 1 >= length)
+                       return;
+
                 map[index + 1] &= ~BITMAP_LAST_WORD_MASK(start + nbits);
                 map[index + 1] |= value >> space;
         }

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