linux-kernel - Re: [RFC PATCH 03/13] selftests/vm/userfaultfd: wake after copy failure

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Date:   Mon, 21 Dec 2020 20:54:43 +0000
From:   Nadav Amit <namit@...are.com>
To:     Peter Xu <peterx@...hat.com>
CC:     "linux-fsdevel@...r.kernel.org" <linux-fsdevel@...r.kernel.org>,
        Jens Axboe <axboe@...nel.dk>,
        Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@...hat.com>,
        Alexander Viro <viro@...iv.linux.org.uk>,
        "io-uring@...r.kernel.org" <io-uring@...r.kernel.org>,
        "linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org" <linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org>,
        "linux-mm@...ck.org" <linux-mm@...ck.org>
Subject: Re: [RFC PATCH 03/13] selftests/vm/userfaultfd: wake after copy
 failure

> On Dec 21, 2020, at 12:52 PM, Peter Xu <peterx@...hat.com> wrote:
> 
> On Mon, Dec 21, 2020 at 07:51:52PM +0000, Nadav Amit wrote:
>>> On Dec 21, 2020, at 11:28 AM, Peter Xu <peterx@...hat.com> wrote:
>>> 
>>> On Sat, Nov 28, 2020 at 04:45:38PM -0800, Nadav Amit wrote:
>>>> From: Nadav Amit <namit@...are.com>
>>>> 
>>>> When userfaultfd copy-ioctl fails since the PTE already exists, an
>>>> -EEXIST error is returned and the faulting thread is not woken. The
>>>> current userfaultfd test does not wake the faulting thread in such case.
>>>> The assumption is presumably that another thread set the PTE through
>>>> copy/wp ioctl and would wake the faulting thread or that alternatively
>>>> the fault handler would realize there is no need to "must_wait" and
>>>> continue. This is not necessarily true.
>>>> 
>>>> There is an assumption that the "must_wait" tests in handle_userfault()
>>>> are sufficient to provide definitive answer whether the offending PTE is
>>>> populated or not. However, userfaultfd_must_wait() test is lockless.
>>>> Consequently, concurrent calls to ptep_modify_prot_start(), for
>>>> instance, can clear the PTE and can cause userfaultfd_must_wait()
>>>> to wrongly assume it is not populated and a wait is needed.
>>> 
>>> Yes userfaultfd_must_wait() is lockless, however my understanding is that we'll
>>> enqueue before reading the page table, which seems to me that we'll always get
>>> notified even the race happens.  Should apply to either UFFDIO_WRITEPROTECT or
>>> UFFDIO_COPY, iiuc, as long as we follow the order of (1) modify pgtable (2)
>>> wake sleeping threads.  Then it also means that when must_wait() returned true,
>>> it should always get waked up when fault resolved.
>>> 
>>> Taking UFFDIO_COPY as example, even if UFFDIO_COPY happen right before
>>> must_wait() calls:
>>> 
>>>      worker thread                       uffd thread
>>>      -------------                       -----------
>>> 
>>>  handle_userfault
>>>   spin_lock(fault_pending_wqh)
>>>   enqueue()
>>>   set_current_state(INTERRUPTIBLE)
>>>   spin_unlock(fault_pending_wqh)
>>>   must_wait()
>>>     lockless walk page table
>>>                                          UFFDIO_COPY
>>>                                            fill in the hole
>>>                                            wake up threads
>>>                                              (this will wake up worker thread too?)
>>>   schedule()
>>>     (which may return immediately?)
>>> 
>>> While here fault_pending_wqh is lock protected. I just feel like there's some
>>> other reason to cause the thread to stall.  Or did I miss something?
>> 
>> But what happens if the copy completed before the enqueuing? Assume
>> the page is write-protected during UFFDIO_COPY:
>> 
>> 
>> cpu0					cpu1		
>> ----					----			
>> handle_userfault
>> 					UFFDIO_COPY
>> 					[ write-protected ]
>> 				 	 fill in the hole
>> 				 	 wake up threads
>> 				 	 [nothing to wake]
>> 							
>> 					UFFD_WP (unprotect)
>> 					 logically marks as unprotected
>> 					 [nothing to wake]
>> 
>> spin_lock(fault_pending_wqh)
>>  enqueue()
>>  set_current_state(INTERRUPTIBLE)
>>  spin_unlock(fault_pending_wqh)
>>  must_wait()
>> 
>> 					[ #PF on the same PTE
>> 					 due to write-protection ]
>> 
>> 					...
>> 					 wp_page_copy()
>> 					  ptep_clear_flush_notify()
>> 					  [ PTE is clear ]
>> 					
>>   lockless walk page table
>>    pte_none(*pte) -> must wait
>> 
>> Note that additional scenarios are possible. For instance, instead of
>> wp_page_copy(), we can have other change_pte_range() (due to worker’s
>> mprotect() or NUMA balancing), calling ptep_modify_prot_start() and clearing
>> the PTE.
>> 
>> Am I missing something?
> 
> Ah I see your point, thanks.  I think you're right:
> 
> Reviewed-by: Peter Xu <peterx@...hat.com>
> 
> Would you mind adding something like above into the commit message if you're
> going to repost?  IMHO it would even be nicer to mention why
> UFFDIO_WRITEPROTECT does not need this extra wakeup (I think it's because it'll
> do the wakeup unconditionally anyway).

Yes, the commit log needs to be fixed.

I will update it based on your feedback on RFC-v2.

Thanks,
Nadav