Date:   Tue, 22 Dec 2020 11:30:37 -0700
From:   Yu Zhao <yuzhao@...gle.com>
To:     Nadav Amit <nadav.amit@...il.com>
Cc:     Peter Zijlstra <peterz@...radead.org>,
        Minchan Kim <minchan@...nel.org>,
        Linus Torvalds <torvalds@...ux-foundation.org>,
        Peter Xu <peterx@...hat.com>,
        Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@...hat.com>,
        linux-mm <linux-mm@...ck.org>,
        lkml <linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org>,
        Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@...nvz.org>,
        Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@...cle.com>,
        Mike Rapoport <rppt@...ux.vnet.ibm.com>,
        stable <stable@...r.kernel.org>,
        Andy Lutomirski <luto@...nel.org>,
        Will Deacon <will@...nel.org>
Subject: Re: [PATCH] mm/userfaultfd: fix memory corruption due to writeprotect

On Tue, Dec 22, 2020 at 04:40:32AM -0800, Nadav Amit wrote:
> > On Dec 21, 2020, at 1:24 PM, Yu Zhao <yuzhao@...gle.com> wrote:
> > 
> > On Mon, Dec 21, 2020 at 12:26:22PM -0800, Linus Torvalds wrote:
> >> On Mon, Dec 21, 2020 at 12:23 PM Nadav Amit <nadav.amit@...il.com> wrote:
> >>> Using mmap_write_lock() was my initial fix and there was a strong pushback
> >>> on this approach due to its potential impact on performance.
> >> 
> >> From whom?
> >> 
> >> Somebody who doesn't understand that correctness is more important
> >> than performance? And that userfaultfd is not the most important part
> >> of the system?
> >> 
> >> The fact is, userfaultfd is CLEARLY BUGGY.
> >> 
> >>          Linus
> > 
> > Fair enough.
> > 
> > Nadav, for your patch (you might want to update the commit message).
> > 
> > Reviewed-by: Yu Zhao <yuzhao@...gle.com>
> > 
> > While we are all here, there is also clear_soft_dirty() that could
> > use a similar fix…
> 
> Just an update as for why I have still not sent v2: I fixed
> clear_soft_dirty(), created a reproducer, and the reproducer kept failing.
> 
> So after some debugging, it appears that clear_refs_write() does not flush
> the TLB. It indeed calls tlb_finish_mmu() but since 0758cd830494
> ("asm-generic/tlb: avoid potential double flush”), tlb_finish_mmu() does not
> flush the TLB since there is clear_refs_write() does not call to
> __tlb_adjust_range() (unless there are nested TLBs are pending).

Sorry Nadav, I assumed you knew this existing problem fixed by:
https://patchwork.kernel.org/project/linux-mm/cover/20201210121110.10094-1-will@kernel.org/

> So I have a patch for this issue too: arguably the tlb_gather interface is
> not the right one for clear_refs_write() that does not clear PTEs but
> changes them.
> 
> Yet, sadly, my reproducer keeps falling (less frequently, but still). So I
> will keep debugging to see what goes wrong. I will send v2 once I figure out
> what the heck is wrong in the code or my reproducer.
> 
> For the reference, here is my reproducer:

Thanks. This would be helpful in case any other breakages happen in the
future.

> -- >8 --
> 
> #define _GNU_SOURCE
> #include <sys/types.h>
> #include <sys/stat.h>
> #include <sys/mman.h>
> #include <unistd.h>
> #include <stdio.h>
> #include <stdlib.h>
> #include <assert.h>
> #include <fcntl.h>
> #include <string.h>
> #include <threads.h>
> #include <stdatomic.h>
> 
> #define PAGE_SIZE	(4096)
> #define TLB_SIZE	(2000)
> #define N_PAGES		(300000)
> #define ITERATIONS	(100)
> #define N_THREADS	(2)
> 
> static int stop;
> static char *m;
> 
> static int writer(void *argp)
> {
> 	unsigned long t_idx = (unsigned long)argp;
> 	int i, cnt = 0;
> 
> 	while (!atomic_load(&stop)) {
> 		cnt++;
> 		atomic_fetch_add((atomic_int *)m, 1);
> 
> 		/*
> 		 * First thread only accesses the page to have it cached in the
> 		 * TLB.
> 		 */
> 		if (t_idx == 0)
> 			continue;
> 
> 		/*
> 		 * Other threads access enough entries to cause eviction from
> 		 * the TLB and trigger #PF upon the next access (before the TLB
> 		 * flush of clear_ref actually takes place).
> 		 */
> 		for (i = 1; i < TLB_SIZE; i++) {
> 			if (atomic_load((atomic_int *)(m + PAGE_SIZE * i))) {
> 				fprintf(stderr, "unexpected error\n");
> 				exit(1);
> 			}
> 		}
> 	}
> 	return cnt;
> }
> 
> /*
>  * Runs mlock/munlock in the background to raise the page-count of the page and
>  * force copying instead of reusing the page.
>  */
> static int do_mlock(void *argp)
> {
> 	while (!atomic_load(&stop)) {
> 		if (mlock(m, PAGE_SIZE) || munlock(m, PAGE_SIZE)) {
> 			perror("mlock/munlock");
> 			exit(1);
> 		}
> 	}
> 	return 0;
> }
> 
> int main(void)
> {
> 	int r, cnt, fd, total = 0;
> 	long i;
> 	thrd_t thr[N_THREADS];
> 	thrd_t mlock_thr[N_THREADS];
> 
> 	fd = open("/proc/self/clear_refs", O_WRONLY, 0666);
> 	if (fd < 0) {
> 		perror("open");
> 		exit(1);
> 	}
> 
> 	/*
> 	 * Have large memory for clear_ref, so there would be some time between
> 	 * the unmap and the actual deferred flush.
> 	 */
> 	m = mmap(NULL, PAGE_SIZE * N_PAGES, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE,
> 			MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS|MAP_POPULATE, -1, 0);
> 	if (m == MAP_FAILED) {
> 		perror("mmap");
> 		exit(1);
> 	}
> 
> 	for (i = 0; i < N_THREADS; i++) {
> 		r = thrd_create(&thr[i], writer, (void *)i);
> 		assert(r == thrd_success);
> 	}
> 
> 	for (i = 0; i < N_THREADS; i++) {
> 		r = thrd_create(&mlock_thr[i], do_mlock, (void *)i);
> 		assert(r == thrd_success);
> 	}
> 
> 	for (i = 0; i < ITERATIONS; i++) {
> 		for (i = 0; i < ITERATIONS; i++) {
> 			r = pwrite(fd, "4", 1, 0);
> 			if (r < 0) {
> 				perror("pwrite");
> 				exit(1);
> 			}
> 		}
> 	}
> 
> 	atomic_store(&stop, 1);
> 
> 	for (i = 0; i < N_THREADS; i++) {
> 		r = thrd_join(mlock_thr[i], NULL);
> 		assert(r == thrd_success);
> 	}
> 
> 	for (i = 0; i < N_THREADS; i++) {
> 		r = thrd_join(thr[i], &cnt);
> 		assert(r == thrd_success);
> 		total += cnt;
> 	}
> 
> 	r = atomic_load((atomic_int *)(m));
> 	if (r != total) {
> 		fprintf(stderr, "failed - expected=%d actual=%d\n", total, r);
> 		exit(-1);
> 	}
> 
> 	fprintf(stderr, "ok\n");
> 	return 0;
> }

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