Date:   Mon, 11 Jan 2021 11:43:40 +0000
From:   "Dr. David Alan Gilbert" <dgilbert@...hat.com>
To:     Axel Rasmussen <axelrasmussen@...gle.com>
Cc:     Alexander Viro <viro@...iv.linux.org.uk>,
        Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@...il.com>,
        Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@...hat.com>,
        Andrew Morton <akpm@...ux-foundation.org>,
        Anshuman Khandual <anshuman.khandual@....com>,
        Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@....com>,
        Chinwen Chang <chinwen.chang@...iatek.com>,
        Huang Ying <ying.huang@...el.com>,
        Ingo Molnar <mingo@...hat.com>, Jann Horn <jannh@...gle.com>,
        Jerome Glisse <jglisse@...hat.com>,
        Lokesh Gidra <lokeshgidra@...gle.com>,
        "Matthew Wilcox (Oracle)" <willy@...radead.org>,
        Michael Ellerman <mpe@...erman.id.au>,
        Michal Koutný <mkoutny@...e.com>,
        Michel Lespinasse <walken@...gle.com>,
        Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@...cle.com>,
        Mike Rapoport <rppt@...ux.vnet.ibm.com>,
        Nicholas Piggin <npiggin@...il.com>,
        Peter Xu <peterx@...hat.com>, Shaohua Li <shli@...com>,
        Shawn Anastasio <shawn@...stas.io>,
        Steven Rostedt <rostedt@...dmis.org>,
        Steven Price <steven.price@....com>,
        Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@...e.cz>, linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org,
        linux-fsdevel@...r.kernel.org, linux-mm@...ck.org,
        Adam Ruprecht <ruprecht@...gle.com>,
        Cannon Matthews <cannonmatthews@...gle.com>,
        David Rientjes <rientjes@...gle.com>,
        Oliver Upton <oupton@...gle.com>
Subject: Re: [RFC PATCH 0/2] userfaultfd: handle minor faults, add
 UFFDIO_CONTINUE

* Axel Rasmussen (axelrasmussen@...gle.com) wrote:
> Overview
> ========
> 
> This series adds a new userfaultfd registration mode,
> UFFDIO_REGISTER_MODE_MINOR. This allows userspace to intercept "minor" faults.
> By "minor" fault, I mean the following situation:
> 
> Let there exist two mappings (i.e., VMAs) to the same page(s) (shared memory).
> One of the mappings is registered with userfaultfd (in minor mode), and the
> other is not. Via the non-UFFD mapping, the underlying pages have already been
> allocated & filled with some contents. The UFFD mapping has not yet been
> faulted in; when it is touched for the first time, this results in what I'm
> calling a "minor" fault. As a concrete example, when working with hugetlbfs, we
> have huge_pte_none(), but find_lock_page() finds an existing page.
>
> We also add a new ioctl to resolve such faults: UFFDIO_CONTINUE. The idea is,
> userspace resolves the fault by either a) doing nothing if the contents are
> already correct, or b) updating the underlying contents using the second,
> non-UFFD mapping (via memcpy/memset or similar, or something fancier like RDMA,
> or etc...). In either case, userspace issues UFFDIO_CONTINUE to tell the kernel
> "I have ensured the page contents are correct, carry on setting up the mapping".
> 
> Use Case
> ========
> 
> Consider the use case of VM live migration (e.g. under QEMU/KVM):
> 
> 1. While a VM is still running, we copy the contents of its memory to a
>    target machine. The pages are populated on the target by writing to the
>    non-UFFD mapping, using the setup described above. The VM is still running
>    (and therefore its memory is likely changing), so this may be repeated
>    several times, until we decide the target is "up to date enough".
> 
> 2. We pause the VM on the source, and start executing on the target machine.
>    During this gap, the VM's user(s) will *see* a pause, so it is desirable to
>    minimize this window.
> 
> 3. Between the last time any page was copied from the source to the target, and
>    when the VM was paused, the contents of that page may have changed - and
>    therefore the copy we have on the target machine is out of date. Although we
>    can keep track of which pages are out of date, for VMs with large amounts of
>    memory, it is "slow" to transfer this information to the target machine. We
>    want to resume execution before such a transfer would complete.
> 
> 4. So, the guest begins executing on the target machine. The first time it
>    touches its memory (via the UFFD-registered mapping), userspace wants to
>    intercept this fault. Userspace checks whether or not the page is up to date,
>    and if not, copies the updated page from the source machine, via the non-UFFD
>    mapping. Finally, whether a copy was performed or not, userspace issues a
>    UFFDIO_CONTINUE ioctl to tell the kernel "I have ensured the page contents
>    are correct, carry on setting up the mapping".
> 
> We don't have to do all of the final updates on-demand. The userfaultfd manager
> can, in the background, also copy over updated pages once it receives the map of
> which pages are up-to-date or not.

Yes, this would make the handover during postcopy of large VMs a heck of
a lot faster; and probably simpler; the cleanup code that tidies up the
re-dirty pages is pretty messy.

Dave

> Interaction with Existing APIs
> ==============================
> 
> Because it's possible to combine registration modes (e.g. a single VMA can be
> userfaultfd-registered MINOR | MISSING), and because it's up to userspace how to
> resolve faults once they are received, I spent some time thinking through how
> the existing API interacts with the new feature.
> 
> UFFDIO_CONTINUE cannot be used to resolve non-minor faults, as it does not
> allocate a new page. If UFFDIO_CONTINUE is used on a non-minor fault:
> 
> - For non-shared memory or shmem, -EINVAL is returned.
> - For hugetlb, -EFAULT is returned.
> 
> UFFDIO_COPY and UFFDIO_ZEROPAGE cannot be used to resolve minor faults. Without
> modifications, the existing codepath assumes a new page needs to be allocated.
> This is okay, since userspace must have a second non-UFFD-registered mapping
> anyway, thus there isn't much reason to want to use these in any case (just
> memcpy or memset or similar).
> 
> - If UFFDIO_COPY is used on a minor fault, -EEXIST is returned.
> - If UFFDIO_ZEROPAGE is used on a minor fault, -EEXIST is returned (or -EINVAL
>   in the case of hugetlb, as UFFDIO_ZEROPAGE is unsupported in any case).
> - UFFDIO_WRITEPROTECT simply doesn't work with shared memory, and returns
>   -ENOENT in that case (regardless of the kind of fault).
> 
> Remaining Work
> ==============
> 
> This patchset doesn't include updates to userfaultfd's documentation or
> selftests. This will be added before I send a non-RFC version of this series
> (I want to find out if there are strong objections to the API surface before
> spending the time to document it.)
> 
> Currently the patchset only supports hugetlbfs. There is no reason it can't work
> with shmem, but I expect hugetlbfs to be much more commonly used since we're
> talking about backing guest memory for VMs. I plan to implement shmem support in
> a follow-up patch series.
> 
> Axel Rasmussen (2):
>   userfaultfd: add minor fault registration mode
>   userfaultfd: add UFFDIO_CONTINUE ioctl
> 
>  fs/proc/task_mmu.c               |   1 +
>  fs/userfaultfd.c                 | 143 ++++++++++++++++++++++++-------
>  include/linux/mm.h               |   1 +
>  include/linux/userfaultfd_k.h    |  14 ++-
>  include/trace/events/mmflags.h   |   1 +
>  include/uapi/linux/userfaultfd.h |  36 +++++++-
>  mm/hugetlb.c                     |  42 +++++++--
>  mm/userfaultfd.c                 |  86 ++++++++++++++-----
>  8 files changed, 261 insertions(+), 63 deletions(-)
> 
> --
> 2.29.2.729.g45daf8777d-goog
> 
-- 
Dr. David Alan Gilbert / dgilbert@...hat.com / Manchester, UK

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