Date:   Mon, 8 Feb 2021 15:05:42 -0800
From:   Ben Widawsky <ben.widawsky@...el.com>
To:     Kees Cook <keescook@...omium.org>
Cc:     Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@...el.com>,
        Jonathan Corbet <corbet@....net>, linux-cxl@...r.kernel.org,
        Linux ACPI <linux-acpi@...r.kernel.org>,
        Linux Kernel Mailing List <linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org>,
        linux-nvdimm <linux-nvdimm@...ts.01.org>,
        Linux PCI <linux-pci@...r.kernel.org>,
        Bjorn Helgaas <helgaas@...nel.org>,
        Chris Browy <cbrowy@...ry-design.com>,
        Ira Weiny <ira.weiny@...el.com>,
        Jon Masters <jcm@...masters.org>,
        Jonathan Cameron <Jonathan.Cameron@...wei.com>,
        Rafael Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@...el.com>,
        Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@...radead.org>,
        Vishal Verma <vishal.l.verma@...el.com>,
        daniel.lll@...baba-inc.com,
        "John Groves (jgroves)" <jgroves@...ron.com>,
        "Kelley, Sean V" <sean.v.kelley@...el.com>
Subject: Re: [PATCH 08/14] taint: add taint for direct hardware access

On 21-02-08 14:09:19, Kees Cook wrote:
> On Mon, Feb 08, 2021 at 02:00:33PM -0800, Dan Williams wrote:
> > [ add Jon Corbet as I'd expect him to be Cc'd on anything that
> > generically touches Documentation/ like this, and add Kees as the last
> > person who added a taint (tag you're it) ]
> > 
> > Jon, Kees, are either of you willing to ack this concept?
> > 
> > Top-posting to add more context for the below:
> > 
> > This taint is proposed because it has implications for
> > CONFIG_LOCK_DOWN_KERNEL among other things. These CXL devices
> > implement memory like DDR would, but unlike DDR there are
> > administrative / configuration commands that demand kernel
> > coordination before they can be sent. The posture taken with this
> > taint is "guilty until proven innocent" for commands that have yet to
> > be explicitly allowed by the driver. This is different than NVME for
> > example where an errant vendor-defined command could destroy data on
> > the device, but there is no wider threat to system integrity. The
> > taint allows a pressure release valve for any and all commands to be
> > sent, but flagged with WARN_TAINT_ONCE if the driver has not
> > explicitly enabled it on an allowed list of known-good / kernel
> > coordinated commands.
> > 
> > On Fri, Jan 29, 2021 at 4:25 PM Ben Widawsky <ben.widawsky@...el.com> wrote:
> > >
> > > For drivers that moderate access to the underlying hardware it is
> > > sometimes desirable to allow userspace to bypass restrictions. Once
> > > userspace has done this, the driver can no longer guarantee the sanctity
> > > of either the OS or the hardware. When in this state, it is helpful for
> > > kernel developers to be made aware (via this taint flag) of this fact
> > > for subsequent bug reports.
> > >
> > > Example usage:
> > > - Hardware xyzzy accepts 2 commands, waldo and fred.
> > > - The xyzzy driver provides an interface for using waldo, but not fred.
> > > - quux is convinced they really need the fred command.
> > > - xyzzy driver allows quux to frob hardware to initiate fred.
> > >   - kernel gets tainted.
> > > - turns out fred command is borked, and scribbles over memory.
> > > - developers laugh while closing quux's subsequent bug report.
> 
> But a taint flag only lasts for the current boot. If this is a drive, it
> could still be compromised after reboot. It sounds like this taint is
> really only for ephemeral things? "vendor shenanigans" is a pretty giant
> scope ...
> 
> -Kees
> 

Good point. Any suggestions?

> > >
> > > Signed-off-by: Ben Widawsky <ben.widawsky@...el.com>
> > > ---
> > >  Documentation/admin-guide/sysctl/kernel.rst   | 1 +
> > >  Documentation/admin-guide/tainted-kernels.rst | 6 +++++-
> > >  include/linux/kernel.h                        | 3 ++-
> > >  kernel/panic.c                                | 1 +
> > >  4 files changed, 9 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)
> > >
> > > diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/sysctl/kernel.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/sysctl/kernel.rst
> > > index 1d56a6b73a4e..3e1eada53504 100644
> > > --- a/Documentation/admin-guide/sysctl/kernel.rst
> > > +++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/sysctl/kernel.rst
> > > @@ -1352,6 +1352,7 @@ ORed together. The letters are seen in "Tainted" line of Oops reports.
> > >   32768  `(K)`  kernel has been live patched
> > >   65536  `(X)`  Auxiliary taint, defined and used by for distros
> > >  131072  `(T)`  The kernel was built with the struct randomization plugin
> > > +262144  `(H)`  The kernel has allowed vendor shenanigans
> > >  ======  =====  ==============================================================
> > >
> > >  See :doc:`/admin-guide/tainted-kernels` for more information.
> > > diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/tainted-kernels.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/tainted-kernels.rst
> > > index ceeed7b0798d..ee2913316344 100644
> > > --- a/Documentation/admin-guide/tainted-kernels.rst
> > > +++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/tainted-kernels.rst
> > > @@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ a particular type of taint. It's best to leave that to the aforementioned
> > >  script, but if you need something quick you can use this shell command to check
> > >  which bits are set::
> > >
> > > -       $ for i in $(seq 18); do echo $(($i-1)) $(($(cat /proc/sys/kernel/tainted)>>($i-1)&1));done
> > > +       $ for i in $(seq 19); do echo $(($i-1)) $(($(cat /proc/sys/kernel/tainted)>>($i-1)&1));done
> > >
> > >  Table for decoding tainted state
> > >  ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
> > > @@ -100,6 +100,7 @@ Bit  Log  Number  Reason that got the kernel tainted
> > >   15  _/K   32768  kernel has been live patched
> > >   16  _/X   65536  auxiliary taint, defined for and used by distros
> > >   17  _/T  131072  kernel was built with the struct randomization plugin
> > > + 18  _/H  262144  kernel has allowed vendor shenanigans
> > >  ===  ===  ======  ========================================================
> > >
> > >  Note: The character ``_`` is representing a blank in this table to make reading
> > > @@ -175,3 +176,6 @@ More detailed explanation for tainting
> > >       produce extremely unusual kernel structure layouts (even performance
> > >       pathological ones), which is important to know when debugging. Set at
> > >       build time.
> > > +
> > > + 18) ``H`` Kernel has allowed direct access to hardware and can no longer make
> > > +     any guarantees about the stability of the device or driver.
> > > diff --git a/include/linux/kernel.h b/include/linux/kernel.h
> > > index f7902d8c1048..bc95486f817e 100644
> > > --- a/include/linux/kernel.h
> > > +++ b/include/linux/kernel.h
> > > @@ -443,7 +443,8 @@ extern enum system_states {
> > >  #define TAINT_LIVEPATCH                        15
> > >  #define TAINT_AUX                      16
> > >  #define TAINT_RANDSTRUCT               17
> > > -#define TAINT_FLAGS_COUNT              18
> > > +#define TAINT_RAW_PASSTHROUGH          18
> > > +#define TAINT_FLAGS_COUNT              19
> > >  #define TAINT_FLAGS_MAX                        ((1UL << TAINT_FLAGS_COUNT) - 1)
> > >
> > >  struct taint_flag {
> > > diff --git a/kernel/panic.c b/kernel/panic.c
> > > index 332736a72a58..dff22bd80eaf 100644
> > > --- a/kernel/panic.c
> > > +++ b/kernel/panic.c
> > > @@ -386,6 +386,7 @@ const struct taint_flag taint_flags[TAINT_FLAGS_COUNT] = {
> > >         [ TAINT_LIVEPATCH ]             = { 'K', ' ', true },
> > >         [ TAINT_AUX ]                   = { 'X', ' ', true },
> > >         [ TAINT_RANDSTRUCT ]            = { 'T', ' ', true },
> > > +       [ TAINT_RAW_PASSTHROUGH ]       = { 'H', ' ', true },
> > >  };
> > >
> > >  /**
> > > --
> > > 2.30.0
> > >
> 
> -- 
> Kees Cook

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