linux-kernel - Re: XDP socket rings, and LKMM litmus tests

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Message-ID: <20210304031322.GA1594980@rowland.harvard.edu>
Date:   Wed, 3 Mar 2021 22:13:22 -0500
From:   Alan Stern <stern@...land.harvard.edu>
To:     Boqun Feng <boqun.feng@...il.com>
Cc:     "Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@...nel.org>,
        Björn Töpel <bjorn.topel@...il.com>,
        bpf <bpf@...r.kernel.org>, LKML <linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org>,
        parri.andrea@...il.com, Will Deacon <will@...nel.org>,
        Peter Zijlstra <peterz@...radead.org>, npiggin@...il.com,
        dhowells@...hat.com, j.alglave@....ac.uk, luc.maranget@...ia.fr,
        akiyks@...il.com, dlustig@...dia.com, joel@...lfernandes.org,
        Toke Høiland-Jørgensen <toke@...hat.com>,
        "Karlsson, Magnus" <magnus.karlsson@...el.com>
Subject: Re: XDP socket rings, and LKMM litmus tests

On Thu, Mar 04, 2021 at 09:26:31AM +0800, Boqun Feng wrote:
> On Wed, Mar 03, 2021 at 03:22:46PM -0500, Alan Stern wrote:

> > Which brings us back to the case of the
> > 
> > 	dep ; rfi
> > 
> > dependency relation, where the accesses in the middle are plain and 
> > non-racy.  Should the LKMM be changed to allow this?
> > 
> 
> For this particular question, do we need to consider code as the follow?
> 
> 	r1 = READ_ONCE(x);  // f
> 	if (r == 1) {
> 		local_v = &y; // g
> 		do_something_a();
> 	}
> 	else {
> 		local_v = &y;
> 		do_something_b();
> 	}
> 
> 	r2 = READ_ONCE(*local_v); // e
> 
> , do we have the guarantee that the first READ_ONCE() happens before the
> second one? Can compiler optimize the code as:
> 
> 	r2 = READ_ONCE(y);
> 	r1 = READ_ONCE(x);

Well, it can't do that because the compiler isn't allowed to reorder
volatile accesses (which includes READ_ONCE).  But the compiler could
do:

	r1 = READ_ONCE(x);
	r2 = READ_ONCE(y);

> 	if (r == 1) {
> 		do_something_a();
> 	}
> 	else {
> 		do_something_b();
> 	}
> 
> ? Although we have:
> 
> 	f ->dep g ->rfi ->addr e

This would be an example of a problem Paul has described on several
occasions, where both arms of an "if" statement store the same value
(in this case to local_v).  This problem arises even when local
variables are not involved.  For example:

	if (READ_ONCE(x) == 0) {
		WRITE_ONCE(y, 1);
		do_a();
	} else {
		WRITE_ONCE(y, 1);
		do_b();
	}

The compiler can change this to:

	r = READ_ONCE(x);
	WRITE_ONCE(y, 1);
	if (r == 0)
		do_a();
	else
		do_b();

thus allowing the marked accesses to be reordered by the CPU and
breaking the apparent control dependency.

So the answer to your question is: No, we don't have this guarantee,
but the reason is because of doing the same store in both arms, not
because of the use of local variables.

Alan