linux-kernel - Re: Live patching on ARM64

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Message-ID: <176e6c60-18dd-167b-41aa-dfd11e5810d3@gmail.com>
Date:   Fri, 19 Mar 2021 09:38:20 +1100
From:   "Singh, Balbir" <bsingharora@...il.com>
To:     Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@....com>,
        "Madhavan T. Venkataraman" <madvenka@...ux.microsoft.com>
Cc:     linux-arm-kernel@...ts.infradead.org,
        Mark Brown <broonie@...nel.org>,
        Julien Thierry <jthierry@...hat.com>, jpoimboe@...hat.com,
        live-patching@...r.kernel.org, linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org
Subject: Re: Live patching on ARM64

On 15/1/21 11:33 pm, Mark Rutland wrote:
> On Thu, Jan 14, 2021 at 04:07:55PM -0600, Madhavan T. Venkataraman wrote:
>> Hi all,
>>
>> My name is Madhavan Venkataraman.
> 
> Hi Madhavan,
> 
>> Microsoft is very interested in Live Patching support for ARM64.
>> On behalf of Microsoft, I would like to contribute.
>>
>> I would like to get in touch with the people who are currently working
>> in this area, find out what exactly they are working on and see if they
>> could use an extra pair of eyes/hands with what they are working on.
>>
>> It looks like the most recent work in this area has been from the
>> following folks:
>>
>> Mark Brown and Mark Rutland:
>> 	Kernel changes to providing reliable stack traces.
>>
>> Julien Thierry:
>> 	Providing ARM64 support in objtool.
>>
>> Torsten Duwe:
>> 	Ftrace with regs.
> 
> IIRC that's about right. I'm also trying to make arm64 patch-safe (more
> on that below), and there's a long tail of work there for anyone
> interested.
> 
>> I apologize if I have missed anyone else who is working on Live Patching
>> for ARM64. Do let me know.

I am quite interested as well, I did some of the work for ppc64le

>>
>> Is there any work I can help with? Any areas that need investigation, any code
>> that needs to be written, any work that needs to be reviewed, any testing that
>> needs to done? You folks are probably super busy and would not mind an extra
>> hand.
> 
> One general thing that I believe we'll need to do is to rework code to
> be patch-safe (which implies being noinstr-safe too). For example, we'll
> need to rework the instruction patching code such that this cannot end
> up patching itself (or anything that has instrumented it) in an unsafe
> way.

Do we know how this differs across architectures? Usually kprobe and ftrace
unsafe functions are annotated as such, is there more to it?

> 
> Once we have objtool it should be possible to identify those cases
> automatically. Currently I'm aware that we'll need to do something in at
> least the following places:
> 
> * The entry code -- I'm currently chipping away at this.

Could you please explain, whats bits of the entry code? I suspect we never
patch anything in assembly

> 
> * The insn framework (which is used by some patching code), since the
>   bulk of it lives in arch/arm64/kernel/insn.c and isn't marked noinstr.
>   

noinstr is largely kcsan and kasan related, right?

>   We can probably shift the bulk of the aarch64_insn_gen_*() and
>   aarch64_get_*() helpers into a header as __always_inline functions,
>   which would allow them to be used in noinstr code. As those are
>   typically invoked with a number of constant arguments that the
>   compiler can fold, this /might/ work out as an optimization if the
>   compiler can elide the error paths.
> 
> * The alternatives code, since we call instrumentable and patchable
>   functions between updating instructions and performing all the
>   necessary maintenance. There are a number of cases within
>   __apply_alternatives(), e.g.
> 
>   - test_bit()
>   - cpus_have_cap()
>   - pr_info_once()
>   - lm_alias()
>   - alt_cb, if the callback is not marked as noinstr, or if it calls
>     instrumentable code (e.g. from the insn framework).
>   - clean_dcache_range_nopatch(), as read_sanitised_ftr_reg() and
>     related code can be instrumented.
> 
>   This might need some underlying rework elsewhere (e.g. in the
>   cpufeature code, or atomics framework).
> 
> So on the kernel side, maybe a first step would be to try to headerize
> the insn generation code as __always_inline, and see whether that looks
> ok? With that out of the way it'd be a bit easier to rework patching
> code depending on the insn framework.
> 
> I'm not sure about the objtool side, so I'll leave that to Julien and co
> to answer.

Thanks, it would be good to see what the expectations from objtool are,
I thought only x86 needed it due to variable size instructions and -fomit-
frame-pointers

Balbir Singh.