linux-kernel - Re: [PATCH] mm, swap: Remove unnecessary smp_rmb() in swap_type_to_swap

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Date:   Thu, 13 May 2021 16:49:07 +0800
From:   Miaohe Lin <linmiaohe@...wei.com>
To:     Huang Ying <ying.huang@...el.com>,
        Andrew Morton <akpm@...ux-foundation.org>
CC:     <linux-mm@...ck.org>, <linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org>,
        Daniel Jordan <daniel.m.jordan@...cle.com>,
        Dan Carpenter <dan.carpenter@...cle.com>,
        Andrea Parri <andrea.parri@...rulasolutions.com>,
        Peter Zijlstra <peterz@...radead.org>,
        Andi Kleen <ak@...ux.intel.com>,
        Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@...ux.intel.com>,
        Omar Sandoval <osandov@...com>,
        Paul McKenney <paulmck@...nel.org>, Tejun Heo <tj@...nel.org>,
        Will Deacon <will.deacon@....com>
Subject: Re: [PATCH] mm, swap: Remove unnecessary smp_rmb() in
 swap_type_to_swap_info()

On 2021/5/13 14:48, Huang Ying wrote:
> Before commit c10d38cc8d3e ("mm, swap: bounds check swap_info array
> accesses to avoid NULL derefs"), the typical code to reference the
> swap_info[] is as follows,
> 
>   type = swp_type(swp_entry);
>   if (type >= nr_swapfiles)
>           /* handle invalid swp_entry */;
>   p = swap_info[type];
>   /* access fields of *p.  OOPS! p may be NULL! */
> 
> Because the ordering isn't guaranteed, it's possible that "p" is read
> before checking "type".  And that may result in NULL pointer
> dereference.
> 
> So in commit c10d38cc8d3e, the code becomes,
> 
>   struct swap_info_struct *swap_type_to_swap_info(int type)
>   {
> 	  if (type >= READ_ONCE(nr_swapfiles))
> 		  return NULL;
> 	  smp_rmb();
> 	  return READ_ONCE(swap_info[type]);
>   }
> 
>   /* users */
>   type = swp_type(swp_entry);
>   p = swap_type_to_swap_info(type);
>   if (!p)
> 	  /* handle invalid swp_entry */;
>   /* access fields of *p */
> 
> Because "p" is checked to be non-zero before dereference, smp_rmb()
> isn't needed anymore.
> 
> We still need to guarantee swap_info[type] is read before dereference.
> That can be satisfied via the data dependency ordering of
> READ_ONCE(swap_info[type]).  The corresponding smp_wmb() is adjusted
> in alloc_swap_info() too.
> 
> And, we don't need to read "nr_swapfiles" too.  Because if
> "type >= nr_swapfiles", swap_info[type] will be NULL.  We just need
> to make sure we will not access out of the boundary of the array.
> With that change, nr_swapfiles will only be accessed with swap_lock
> held, except in swapcache_free_entries().  Where the absolute
> correctness of the value isn't needed, as described in the comments.
> 
> Signed-off-by: "Huang, Ying" <ying.huang@...el.com>
> Cc: Daniel Jordan <daniel.m.jordan@...cle.com>
> Cc: Dan Carpenter <dan.carpenter@...cle.com>
> Cc: Andrea Parri <andrea.parri@...rulasolutions.com>
> Cc: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@...radead.org>
> Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@...ux.intel.com>
> Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@...ux.intel.com>
> Cc: Omar Sandoval <osandov@...com>
> Cc: Paul McKenney <paulmck@...nel.org>
> Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@...nel.org>
> Cc: Will Deacon <will.deacon@....com>
> Cc: Miaohe Lin <linmiaohe@...wei.com>
> ---
>  mm/swapfile.c | 18 +++++++++---------
>  1 file changed, 9 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)
> 
> diff --git a/mm/swapfile.c b/mm/swapfile.c
> index 2aad85751991..4c1fb28bbe0e 100644
> --- a/mm/swapfile.c
> +++ b/mm/swapfile.c
> @@ -100,10 +100,14 @@ atomic_t nr_rotate_swap = ATOMIC_INIT(0);
>  
>  static struct swap_info_struct *swap_type_to_swap_info(int type)
>  {
> -	if (type >= READ_ONCE(nr_swapfiles))
> +	if (type >= MAX_SWAPFILES)
>  		return NULL;
>  
> -	smp_rmb();	/* Pairs with smp_wmb in alloc_swap_info. */
> +	/*
> +	 * The data dependency ordering from the READ_ONCE() pairs
> +	 * with smp_wmb() in alloc_swap_info() to guarantee the
> +	 * swap_info_struct fields are read after swap_info[type].
> +	 */
>  	return READ_ONCE(swap_info[type]);
>  }
>  
> @@ -2884,14 +2888,10 @@ static struct swap_info_struct *alloc_swap_info(void)
>  	}
>  	if (type >= nr_swapfiles) {
>  		p->type = type;
> -		WRITE_ONCE(swap_info[type], p);
> -		/*
> -		 * Write swap_info[type] before nr_swapfiles, in case a
> -		 * racing procfs swap_start() or swap_next() is reading them.
> -		 * (We never shrink nr_swapfiles, we never free this entry.)
> -		 */
> +		/* Paired with READ_ONCE() in swap_type_to_swap_info() */
>  		smp_wmb();

Many thank for your patch. The patch looks fine to me. There is one question:

There is no smp_rmb() paired with above smp_wmb(). What is this smp_wmb() used for ?
Could you please have a explanation ?

Thanks again!

> -		WRITE_ONCE(nr_swapfiles, nr_swapfiles + 1);
> +		WRITE_ONCE(swap_info[type], p);
> +		nr_swapfiles++;
>  	} else {
>  		defer = p;
>  		p = swap_info[type];
>