linux-kernel - Re: [PATCH RFC 0/1] Make vCPUs that are HLT state candidates for load balancing

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Date:   Wed, 26 May 2021 16:15:10 +0000
From:   Sean Christopherson <seanjc@...gle.com>
To:     Peter Zijlstra <peterz@...radead.org>
Cc:     Masanori Misono <m.misono760@...il.com>,
        David Woodhouse <dwmw@...zon.co.uk>,
        Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@...hat.com>,
        Rohit Jain <rohit.k.jain@...cle.com>,
        Ingo Molnar <mingo@...hat.com>, kvm@...r.kernel.org,
        linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org
Subject: Re: [PATCH RFC 0/1] Make vCPUs that are HLT state candidates for
 load balancing

On Wed, May 26, 2021, Peter Zijlstra wrote:
> On Wed, May 26, 2021 at 10:37:26PM +0900, Masanori Misono wrote:
> > Hi,
> > 
> > I observed performance degradation when running some parallel programs on a
> > VM that has (1) KVM_FEATURE_PV_UNHALT, (2) KVM_FEATURE_STEAL_TIME, and (3)
> > multi-core architecture. The benchmark results are shown at the bottom. An
> > example of libvirt XML for creating such VM is
> > 
> > ```
> > [...]
> >   <vcpu placement='static'>8</vcpu>
> >   <cpu mode='host-model'>
> >     <topology sockets='1' cores='8' threads='1'/>
> >   </cpu>
> >   <qemu:commandline>
> >     <qemu:arg value='-cpu'/>
> >     <qemu:arg value='host,l3-cache=on,+kvm-pv-unhalt,+kvm-steal-time'/>
> >   </qemu:commandline>
> > [...]
> > ```
> > 
> > I investigate the cause and found that the problem occurs in the following
> > ways:
> > 
> > - vCPU1 schedules thread A, and vCPU2 schedules thread B. vCPU1 and vCPU2
> >   share LLC.
> > - Thread A tries to acquire a lock but fails, resulting in a sleep state
> >   (via futex.)
> > - vCPU1 becomes idle because there are no runnable threads and does HLT,
> >   which leads to HLT VMEXIT (if idle=halt, and KVM doesn't disable HLT
> >   VMEXIT using KVM_CAP_X86_DISABLE_EXITS).
> > - KVM sets vCPU1's st->preempted as 1 in kvm_steal_time_set_preempted().
> > - Thread C wakes on vCPU2. vCPU2 tries to do load balancing in
> >   select_idle_core(). Although vCPU1 is idle, vCPU1 is not a candidate for
> >   load balancing because is_vcpu_preempted(vCPU1) is true, hence
> >   available_idle_cpu(vPCU1) is false.
> > - As a result, both thread B and thread C stay in the vCPU2's runqueue, and
> >   vCPU1 is not utilized.

If a patch ever gets merged, please put this analysis (or at least a summary of
the problem) in the changelog.  From the patch itself, I thought "and the vCPU
becomes a candidate for CFS load balancing" was referring to CFS in the host,
which was obviously confusing.

> > The patch changes kvm_arch_cpu_put() so that it does not set st->preempted
> > as 1 when a vCPU does HLT VMEXIT. As a result, is_vcpu_preempted(vCPU)
> > becomes 0, and the vCPU becomes a candidate for CFS load balancing.
> 
> I'm conficted on this; the vcpu stops running, the pcpu can go do
> anything, it might start the next task. There is no saying how quickly
> the vcpu task can return to running.

Ya, the vCPU _is_ preempted after all.

> I'm guessing your setup doesn't actually overload the system; and when
> it doesn't have the vcpu thread to run, the pcpu actually goes idle too.
> But for those 1:1 cases we already have knobs to disable much of this
> IIRC.
> 
> So I'm tempted to say things are working as expected and you're just not
> configured right.

That does seem to be the case.  

> > I created a VM with 48 vCPU, and each vCPU is pinned to the corresponding pCPU.

If vCPUs are pinned and you want to eke out performance, then I think the correct
answer is to ensure nothing else can run on those pCPUs, and/or configure KVM to
not intercept HLT.