Date:   Fri, 28 May 2021 18:32:52 +1000
From:   Alistair Popple <apopple@...dia.com>
To:     Peter Xu <peterx@...hat.com>
CC:     <linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org>, <linux-mm@...ck.org>,
        Axel Rasmussen <axelrasmussen@...gle.com>,
        "Kirill A . Shutemov" <kirill@...temov.name>,
        Hugh Dickins <hughd@...gle.com>,
        Andrew Morton <akpm@...ux-foundation.org>,
        Miaohe Lin <linmiaohe@...wei.com>,
        Mike Rapoport <rppt@...ux.vnet.ibm.com>,
        Jerome Glisse <jglisse@...hat.com>,
        Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@...hat.com>,
        Nadav Amit <nadav.amit@...il.com>,
        Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@...cle.com>,
        Jason Gunthorpe <jgg@...pe.ca>,
        Matthew Wilcox <willy@...radead.org>
Subject: Re: [PATCH v3 04/27] mm/userfaultfd: Introduce special pte for unmapped file-backed mem

On Friday, 28 May 2021 6:19:04 AM AEST Peter Xu wrote:
> This patch introduces a very special swap-like pte for file-backed memories.
> 
> Currently it's only defined for x86_64 only, but as long as any arch that
> can properly define the UFFD_WP_SWP_PTE_SPECIAL value as requested, it
> should conceptually work too.
> 
> We will use this special pte to arm the ptes that got either unmapped or
> swapped out for a file-backed region that was previously wr-protected.  This
> special pte could trigger a page fault just like swap entries, and as long
> as the page fault will satisfy pte_none()==false && pte_present()==false.
> 
> Then we can revive the special pte into a normal pte backed by the page
> cache.
> 
> This idea is greatly inspired by Hugh and Andrea in the discussion, which is
> referenced in the links below.
> 
> The other idea (from Hugh) is that we use swp_type==1 and swp_offset=0 as
> the special pte.  The current solution (as pointed out by Andrea) is
> slightly preferred in that we don't even need swp_entry_t knowledge at all
> in trapping these accesses.  Meanwhile, we also reuse _PAGE_SWP_UFFD_WP
> from the anonymous swp entries.

So to confirm my understanding the reason you use this special swap pte 
instead of a new swp_type is that you only need the fault and have no extra 
information that needs storing in the pte?

Personally I think it might be better to define a new swp_type for this rather 
than introducing a new arch-specific concept. swp_type entries are portable so 
wouldn't need extra arch-specific bits defined. And as I understand things not 
all architectures (eg. ARM) have spare bits in their swap entry encoding 
anyway so would have to reserve a bit specifically for this which would be 
less efficient than using a swp_type.

Anyway it seems I missed the initial discussion so don't have a strong opinion 
here, mainly just wanted to check my understanding of what's required and how 
these special entries work.

> This patch only introduces the special pte and its operators.  It's not yet
> applied to have any functional difference.
> 
> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20201126222359.8120-1-peterx@redhat.com/
> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20201130230603.46187-1-peterx@redhat.com/
> Suggested-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@...hat.com>
> Suggested-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@...gle.com>
> Signed-off-by: Peter Xu <peterx@...hat.com>
> ---
>  arch/x86/include/asm/pgtable.h     | 28 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
>  include/asm-generic/pgtable_uffd.h |  3 +++
>  include/linux/userfaultfd_k.h      | 21 +++++++++++++++++++++
>  3 files changed, 52 insertions(+)
> 
> diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/pgtable.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/pgtable.h
> index b1099f2d9800..9781ba2da049 100644
> --- a/arch/x86/include/asm/pgtable.h
> +++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/pgtable.h
> @@ -1329,6 +1329,34 @@ static inline pmd_t pmd_swp_clear_soft_dirty(pmd_t
> pmd) #endif
> 
>  #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_ARCH_USERFAULTFD_WP
> +
> +/*
> + * This is a very special swap-like pte that marks this pte as
> "wr-protected" + * by userfaultfd-wp.  It should only exist for file-backed
> memory where the + * page (previously got wr-protected) has been unmapped
> or swapped out. + *
> + * For anonymous memories, the userfaultfd-wp _PAGE_SWP_UFFD_WP bit is kept
> + * along with a real swp entry instead.
> + *
> + * Let's make some rules for this special pte:
> + *
> + * (1) pte_none()==false, so that it'll not trigger a missing page fault.
> + *
> + * (2) pte_present()==false, so that it's recognized as swap (is_swap_pte).
> + *
> + * (3) pte_swp_uffd_wp()==true, so it can be tested just like a swap pte
> that + *     contains a valid swap entry, so that we can check a swap pte
> always + *     using "is_swap_pte() && pte_swp_uffd_wp()" without caring
> about whether + *     there's one swap entry inside of the pte.
> + *
> + * (4) It should not be a valid swap pte anywhere, so that when we see this
> pte + *     we know it does not contain a swap entry.
> + *
> + * For x86, the simplest special pte which satisfies all of above should be
> the + * pte with only _PAGE_SWP_UFFD_WP bit set (where
> swp_type==swp_offset==0). + */
> +#define  UFFD_WP_SWP_PTE_SPECIAL  __pte(_PAGE_SWP_UFFD_WP)
> +
>  static inline pte_t pte_swp_mkuffd_wp(pte_t pte)
>  {
>  	return pte_set_flags(pte, _PAGE_SWP_UFFD_WP);
> diff --git a/include/asm-generic/pgtable_uffd.h
> b/include/asm-generic/pgtable_uffd.h index 828966d4c281..95e9811ce9d1
> 100644
> --- a/include/asm-generic/pgtable_uffd.h
> +++ b/include/asm-generic/pgtable_uffd.h
> @@ -2,6 +2,9 @@
>  #define _ASM_GENERIC_PGTABLE_UFFD_H
> 
>  #ifndef CONFIG_HAVE_ARCH_USERFAULTFD_WP
> +
> +#define  UFFD_WP_SWP_PTE_SPECIAL  __pte(0)
> +
>  static __always_inline int pte_uffd_wp(pte_t pte)
>  {
>  	return 0;
> diff --git a/include/linux/userfaultfd_k.h b/include/linux/userfaultfd_k.h
> index 331d2ccf0bcc..93f932b53a71 100644
> --- a/include/linux/userfaultfd_k.h
> +++ b/include/linux/userfaultfd_k.h
> @@ -145,6 +145,17 @@ extern int userfaultfd_unmap_prep(struct vm_area_struct
> *vma, extern void userfaultfd_unmap_complete(struct mm_struct *mm,
>  				       struct list_head *uf);
> 
> +static inline pte_t pte_swp_mkuffd_wp_special(struct vm_area_struct *vma)
> +{
> +	WARN_ON_ONCE(vma_is_anonymous(vma));
> +	return UFFD_WP_SWP_PTE_SPECIAL;
> +}
> +
> +static inline bool pte_swp_uffd_wp_special(pte_t pte)
> +{
> +	return pte_same(pte, UFFD_WP_SWP_PTE_SPECIAL);
> +}
> +
>  #else /* CONFIG_USERFAULTFD */
> 
>  /* mm helpers */
> @@ -234,6 +245,16 @@ static inline void userfaultfd_unmap_complete(struct
> mm_struct *mm, {
>  }
> 
> +static inline pte_t pte_swp_mkuffd_wp_special(struct vm_area_struct *vma)
> +{
> +	return __pte(0);
> +}
> +
> +static inline bool pte_swp_uffd_wp_special(pte_t pte)
> +{
> +	return false;
> +}
> +
>  #endif /* CONFIG_USERFAULTFD */
> 
>  #endif /* _LINUX_USERFAULTFD_K_H */

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