Message-Id: <ac070cd90c0d45b7a554366f235262fa5c566435.1622716926.git.legion@kernel.org>
Date:   Thu,  3 Jun 2021 12:43:07 +0200
From:   legion@...nel.org
To:     LKML <linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org>,
        Linux Containers <containers@...ts.linux.dev>,
        Linux Containers <containers@...ts.linux-foundation.org>,
        Linux FS Devel <linux-fsdevel@...r.kernel.org>,
        linux-mm@...ck.org
Cc:     Alexey Gladkov <legion@...nel.org>,
        Andrew Morton <akpm@...ux-foundation.org>,
        Christian Brauner <christian.brauner@...ntu.com>,
        "Eric W . Biederman" <ebiederm@...ssion.com>,
        Johannes Weiner <hannes@...xchg.org>,
        Michal Hocko <mhocko@...nel.org>
Subject: [PATCH v1] proc: Implement /proc/self/meminfo

From: Alexey Gladkov <legion@...nel.org>

The /proc/meminfo contains information regardless of the cgroups
restrictions. This file is still widely used [1]. This means that all
these programs will not work correctly inside container [2][3][4]. Some
programs try to respect the cgroups limits, but not all of them
implement support for all cgroup versions [5].

Correct information can be obtained from cgroups, but this requires the
cgroups to be available inside container and the correct version of
cgroups to be supported.

There is lxcfs [6] that emulates /proc/meminfo using fuse to provide
information regarding cgroups. This patch can help them.

This patch adds /proc/self/meminfo that contains a subset of
/proc/meminfo respecting cgroup restrictions.

We cannot just create /proc/self/meminfo and make a symlink at the old
location because this will break the existing apparmor rules [7].
Therefore, the patch adds a separate file with the same format.

[1] https://codesearch.debian.net/search?q=%2Fproc%2Fmeminfo
[2] https://sources.debian.org/src/erlang/1:23.2.6+dfsg-1/lib/os_mon/c_src/memsup.c#L300
[3] https://sources.debian.org/src/p7zip/16.02+dfsg-8/CPP/Windows/System.cpp/#L103
[4] https://sources.debian.org/src/systemd/247.3-5/src/oom/oomd.c/#L138
[5] https://sources.debian.org/src/nodejs/12.21.0%7Edfsg-4/deps/uv/src/unix/linux-core.c/#L1059
[6] https://linuxcontainers.org/lxcfs/
[7] https://gitlab.com/apparmor/apparmor/-/blob/master/profiles/apparmor.d/abstractions/base#L98

Signed-off-by: Alexey Gladkov <legion@...nel.org>
---
 fs/proc/base.c             |   2 +
 fs/proc/internal.h         |   6 ++
 fs/proc/meminfo.c          | 160 +++++++++++++++++++++++--------------
 include/linux/memcontrol.h |   2 +
 include/linux/mm.h         |  15 ++++
 mm/memcontrol.c            |  80 +++++++++++++++++++
 mm/page_alloc.c            |  28 ++++---
 7 files changed, 222 insertions(+), 71 deletions(-)

diff --git a/fs/proc/base.c b/fs/proc/base.c
index 58bbf334265b..e95837cf713f 100644
--- a/fs/proc/base.c
+++ b/fs/proc/base.c
@@ -3269,6 +3269,7 @@ static const struct pid_entry tgid_base_stuff[] = {
 #ifdef CONFIG_SECCOMP_CACHE_DEBUG
 	ONE("seccomp_cache", S_IRUSR, proc_pid_seccomp_cache),
 #endif
+	ONE("meminfo",  S_IRUGO, proc_meminfo_show),
 };
 
 static int proc_tgid_base_readdir(struct file *file, struct dir_context *ctx)
@@ -3602,6 +3603,7 @@ static const struct pid_entry tid_base_stuff[] = {
 #ifdef CONFIG_SECCOMP_CACHE_DEBUG
 	ONE("seccomp_cache", S_IRUSR, proc_pid_seccomp_cache),
 #endif
+	ONE("meminfo",  S_IRUGO, proc_meminfo_show),
 };
 
 static int proc_tid_base_readdir(struct file *file, struct dir_context *ctx)
diff --git a/fs/proc/internal.h b/fs/proc/internal.h
index 03415f3fb3a8..a6e8540afbd3 100644
--- a/fs/proc/internal.h
+++ b/fs/proc/internal.h
@@ -241,6 +241,12 @@ extern int proc_net_init(void);
 static inline int proc_net_init(void) { return 0; }
 #endif
 
+/*
+ * meminfo.c
+ */
+extern int proc_meminfo_show(struct seq_file *m, struct pid_namespace *ns,
+		struct pid *pid, struct task_struct *tsk);
+
 /*
  * proc_self.c
  */
diff --git a/fs/proc/meminfo.c b/fs/proc/meminfo.c
index 6fa761c9cc78..3587a79d4b96 100644
--- a/fs/proc/meminfo.c
+++ b/fs/proc/meminfo.c
@@ -16,6 +16,9 @@
 #ifdef CONFIG_CMA
 #include <linux/cma.h>
 #endif
+#ifdef CONFIG_MEMCG
+#include <linux/memcontrol.h>
+#endif
 #include <asm/page.h>
 #include "internal.h"
 
@@ -23,91 +26,112 @@ void __attribute__((weak)) arch_report_meminfo(struct seq_file *m)
 {
 }
 
+static void proc_fill_meminfo(struct meminfo *mi)
+{
+	int lru;
+	long cached;
+
+	si_meminfo(&mi->si);
+	si_swapinfo(&mi->si);
+
+	for (lru = LRU_BASE; lru < NR_LRU_LISTS; lru++)
+		mi->pages[lru] = global_node_page_state(NR_LRU_BASE + lru);
+
+	cached = global_node_page_state(NR_FILE_PAGES) - total_swapcache_pages() - mi->si.bufferram;
+	if (cached < 0)
+		cached = 0;
+
+	mi->cached = cached;
+	mi->swapcached = total_swapcache_pages();
+	mi->slab_reclaimable = global_node_page_state_pages(NR_SLAB_RECLAIMABLE_B);
+	mi->slab_unreclaimable = global_node_page_state_pages(NR_SLAB_UNRECLAIMABLE_B);
+	mi->anon_pages = global_node_page_state(NR_ANON_MAPPED);
+	mi->mapped = global_node_page_state(NR_FILE_MAPPED);
+	mi->nr_pagetable = global_node_page_state(NR_PAGETABLE);
+	mi->dirty_pages = global_node_page_state(NR_FILE_DIRTY);
+	mi->writeback_pages = global_node_page_state(NR_WRITEBACK);
+}
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_MEMCG
+static inline void fill_meminfo(struct meminfo *mi, struct task_struct *task)
+{
+	mem_fill_meminfo(mi, task);
+}
+#else
+static inline void fill_meminfo(struct meminfo *mi, struct task_struct *task)
+{
+	proc_fill_meminfo(mi);
+}
+#endif
+
 static void show_val_kb(struct seq_file *m, const char *s, unsigned long num)
 {
 	seq_put_decimal_ull_width(m, s, num << (PAGE_SHIFT - 10), 8);
 	seq_write(m, " kB\n", 4);
 }
 
+static int meminfo_proc_show_mi(struct seq_file *m, struct meminfo *mi)
+{
+	show_val_kb(m, "MemTotal:       ", mi->si.totalram);
+	show_val_kb(m, "MemFree:        ", mi->si.freeram);
+	show_val_kb(m, "MemAvailable:   ", si_mem_available_mi(mi));
+	show_val_kb(m, "Buffers:        ", mi->si.bufferram);
+	show_val_kb(m, "Cached:         ", mi->cached);
+	show_val_kb(m, "SwapCached:     ", mi->swapcached);
+	show_val_kb(m, "Active:         ", mi->pages[LRU_ACTIVE_ANON] + mi->pages[LRU_ACTIVE_FILE]);
+	show_val_kb(m, "Inactive:       ", mi->pages[LRU_INACTIVE_ANON] + mi->pages[LRU_INACTIVE_FILE]);
+	show_val_kb(m, "Active(anon):   ", mi->pages[LRU_ACTIVE_ANON]);
+	show_val_kb(m, "Inactive(anon): ", mi->pages[LRU_INACTIVE_ANON]);
+	show_val_kb(m, "Active(file):   ", mi->pages[LRU_ACTIVE_FILE]);
+	show_val_kb(m, "Inactive(file): ", mi->pages[LRU_INACTIVE_FILE]);
+	show_val_kb(m, "Unevictable:    ", mi->pages[LRU_UNEVICTABLE]);
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
+	show_val_kb(m, "HighTotal:      ", mi->si.totalhigh);
+	show_val_kb(m, "HighFree:       ", mi->si.freehigh);
+	show_val_kb(m, "LowTotal:       ", mi->si.totalram - mi->si.totalhigh);
+	show_val_kb(m, "LowFree:        ", mi->si.freeram - mi->si.freehigh);
+#endif
+
+	show_val_kb(m, "SwapTotal:      ", mi->si.totalswap);
+	show_val_kb(m, "SwapFree:       ", mi->si.freeswap);
+	show_val_kb(m, "Dirty:          ", mi->dirty_pages);
+	show_val_kb(m, "Writeback:      ", mi->writeback_pages);
+
+	show_val_kb(m, "AnonPages:      ", mi->anon_pages);
+	show_val_kb(m, "Mapped:         ", mi->mapped);
+	show_val_kb(m, "Shmem:          ", mi->si.sharedram);
+	show_val_kb(m, "Slab:           ", mi->slab_reclaimable + mi->slab_unreclaimable);
+	show_val_kb(m, "SReclaimable:   ", mi->slab_reclaimable);
+	show_val_kb(m, "SUnreclaim:     ", mi->slab_unreclaimable);
+	show_val_kb(m, "PageTables:     ", mi->nr_pagetable);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
 static int meminfo_proc_show(struct seq_file *m, void *v)
 {
-	struct sysinfo i;
-	unsigned long committed;
-	long cached;
-	long available;
-	unsigned long pages[NR_LRU_LISTS];
-	unsigned long sreclaimable, sunreclaim;
-	int lru;
 
-	si_meminfo(&i);
-	si_swapinfo(&i);
-	committed = vm_memory_committed();
+	struct meminfo mi;
 
-	cached = global_node_page_state(NR_FILE_PAGES) -
-			total_swapcache_pages() - i.bufferram;
-	if (cached < 0)
-		cached = 0;
+	proc_fill_meminfo(&mi);
+	meminfo_proc_show_mi(m, &mi);
 
-	for (lru = LRU_BASE; lru < NR_LRU_LISTS; lru++)
-		pages[lru] = global_node_page_state(NR_LRU_BASE + lru);
-
-	available = si_mem_available();
-	sreclaimable = global_node_page_state_pages(NR_SLAB_RECLAIMABLE_B);
-	sunreclaim = global_node_page_state_pages(NR_SLAB_UNRECLAIMABLE_B);
-
-	show_val_kb(m, "MemTotal:       ", i.totalram);
-	show_val_kb(m, "MemFree:        ", i.freeram);
-	show_val_kb(m, "MemAvailable:   ", available);
-	show_val_kb(m, "Buffers:        ", i.bufferram);
-	show_val_kb(m, "Cached:         ", cached);
-	show_val_kb(m, "SwapCached:     ", total_swapcache_pages());
-	show_val_kb(m, "Active:         ", pages[LRU_ACTIVE_ANON] +
-					   pages[LRU_ACTIVE_FILE]);
-	show_val_kb(m, "Inactive:       ", pages[LRU_INACTIVE_ANON] +
-					   pages[LRU_INACTIVE_FILE]);
-	show_val_kb(m, "Active(anon):   ", pages[LRU_ACTIVE_ANON]);
-	show_val_kb(m, "Inactive(anon): ", pages[LRU_INACTIVE_ANON]);
-	show_val_kb(m, "Active(file):   ", pages[LRU_ACTIVE_FILE]);
-	show_val_kb(m, "Inactive(file): ", pages[LRU_INACTIVE_FILE]);
-	show_val_kb(m, "Unevictable:    ", pages[LRU_UNEVICTABLE]);
 	show_val_kb(m, "Mlocked:        ", global_zone_page_state(NR_MLOCK));
 
-#ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
-	show_val_kb(m, "HighTotal:      ", i.totalhigh);
-	show_val_kb(m, "HighFree:       ", i.freehigh);
-	show_val_kb(m, "LowTotal:       ", i.totalram - i.totalhigh);
-	show_val_kb(m, "LowFree:        ", i.freeram - i.freehigh);
-#endif
-
 #ifndef CONFIG_MMU
 	show_val_kb(m, "MmapCopy:       ",
 		    (unsigned long)atomic_long_read(&mmap_pages_allocated));
 #endif
 
-	show_val_kb(m, "SwapTotal:      ", i.totalswap);
-	show_val_kb(m, "SwapFree:       ", i.freeswap);
-	show_val_kb(m, "Dirty:          ",
-		    global_node_page_state(NR_FILE_DIRTY));
-	show_val_kb(m, "Writeback:      ",
-		    global_node_page_state(NR_WRITEBACK));
-	show_val_kb(m, "AnonPages:      ",
-		    global_node_page_state(NR_ANON_MAPPED));
-	show_val_kb(m, "Mapped:         ",
-		    global_node_page_state(NR_FILE_MAPPED));
-	show_val_kb(m, "Shmem:          ", i.sharedram);
-	show_val_kb(m, "KReclaimable:   ", sreclaimable +
+	show_val_kb(m, "KReclaimable:   ", mi.slab_reclaimable +
 		    global_node_page_state(NR_KERNEL_MISC_RECLAIMABLE));
-	show_val_kb(m, "Slab:           ", sreclaimable + sunreclaim);
-	show_val_kb(m, "SReclaimable:   ", sreclaimable);
-	show_val_kb(m, "SUnreclaim:     ", sunreclaim);
 	seq_printf(m, "KernelStack:    %8lu kB\n",
 		   global_node_page_state(NR_KERNEL_STACK_KB));
 #ifdef CONFIG_SHADOW_CALL_STACK
 	seq_printf(m, "ShadowCallStack:%8lu kB\n",
 		   global_node_page_state(NR_KERNEL_SCS_KB));
 #endif
-	show_val_kb(m, "PageTables:     ",
-		    global_node_page_state(NR_PAGETABLE));
 
 	show_val_kb(m, "NFS_Unstable:   ", 0);
 	show_val_kb(m, "Bounce:         ",
@@ -115,7 +139,7 @@ static int meminfo_proc_show(struct seq_file *m, void *v)
 	show_val_kb(m, "WritebackTmp:   ",
 		    global_node_page_state(NR_WRITEBACK_TEMP));
 	show_val_kb(m, "CommitLimit:    ", vm_commit_limit());
-	show_val_kb(m, "Committed_AS:   ", committed);
+	show_val_kb(m, "Committed_AS:   ", vm_memory_committed());
 	seq_printf(m, "VmallocTotal:   %8lu kB\n",
 		   (unsigned long)VMALLOC_TOTAL >> 10);
 	show_val_kb(m, "VmallocUsed:    ", vmalloc_nr_pages());
@@ -153,6 +177,20 @@ static int meminfo_proc_show(struct seq_file *m, void *v)
 	return 0;
 }
 
+int proc_meminfo_show(struct seq_file *m, struct pid_namespace *ns,
+		     struct pid *pid, struct task_struct *task)
+{
+	struct meminfo mi;
+
+	fill_meminfo(&mi, task);
+
+	meminfo_proc_show_mi(m, &mi);
+	hugetlb_report_meminfo(m);
+	arch_report_meminfo(m);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
 static int __init proc_meminfo_init(void)
 {
 	proc_create_single("meminfo", 0, NULL, meminfo_proc_show);
diff --git a/include/linux/memcontrol.h b/include/linux/memcontrol.h
index c193be760709..4a7e2894954f 100644
--- a/include/linux/memcontrol.h
+++ b/include/linux/memcontrol.h
@@ -1119,6 +1119,8 @@ unsigned long mem_cgroup_soft_limit_reclaim(pg_data_t *pgdat, int order,
 						gfp_t gfp_mask,
 						unsigned long *total_scanned);
 
+void mem_fill_meminfo(struct meminfo *mi, struct task_struct *task);
+
 #else /* CONFIG_MEMCG */
 
 #define MEM_CGROUP_ID_SHIFT	0
diff --git a/include/linux/mm.h b/include/linux/mm.h
index c274f75efcf9..7faeaddd5b88 100644
--- a/include/linux/mm.h
+++ b/include/linux/mm.h
@@ -2467,6 +2467,20 @@ static inline int early_pfn_to_nid(unsigned long pfn)
 extern int __meminit early_pfn_to_nid(unsigned long pfn);
 #endif
 
+struct meminfo {
+	struct sysinfo si;
+	unsigned long pages[NR_LRU_LISTS];
+	unsigned long cached;
+	unsigned long swapcached;
+	unsigned long anon_pages;
+	unsigned long mapped;
+	unsigned long nr_pagetable;
+	unsigned long dirty_pages;
+	unsigned long writeback_pages;
+	unsigned long slab_reclaimable;
+	unsigned long slab_unreclaimable;
+};
+
 extern void set_dma_reserve(unsigned long new_dma_reserve);
 extern void memmap_init_range(unsigned long, int, unsigned long,
 		unsigned long, unsigned long, enum meminit_context,
@@ -2477,6 +2491,7 @@ extern int __meminit init_per_zone_wmark_min(void);
 extern void mem_init(void);
 extern void __init mmap_init(void);
 extern void show_mem(unsigned int flags, nodemask_t *nodemask);
+extern long si_mem_available_mi(struct meminfo *mi);
 extern long si_mem_available(void);
 extern void si_meminfo(struct sysinfo * val);
 extern void si_meminfo_node(struct sysinfo *val, int nid);
diff --git a/mm/memcontrol.c b/mm/memcontrol.c
index 64ada9e650a5..344b546f9e25 100644
--- a/mm/memcontrol.c
+++ b/mm/memcontrol.c
@@ -3750,6 +3750,86 @@ static unsigned long mem_cgroup_nr_lru_pages(struct mem_cgroup *memcg,
 	return nr;
 }
 
+static void mem_cgroup_nr_pages(struct mem_cgroup *memcg, int nid, unsigned long *pages)
+{
+	struct mem_cgroup *iter;
+	int i;
+
+	for_each_mem_cgroup_tree(iter, memcg) {
+		for (i = 0; i < NR_LRU_LISTS; i++)
+			pages[i] += mem_cgroup_node_nr_lru_pages(iter, nid, BIT(i), false);
+	}
+}
+
+static void mem_cgroup_si_meminfo(struct sysinfo *si, struct task_struct *task)
+{
+	unsigned long memtotal, memused, swapsize;
+	struct mem_cgroup *memcg;
+	struct cgroup_subsys_state *css;
+
+	css = task_css(task, memory_cgrp_id);
+	memcg = mem_cgroup_from_css(css);
+
+	memtotal = READ_ONCE(memcg->memory.max);
+
+	if (memtotal != PAGE_COUNTER_MAX) {
+		memused = page_counter_read(&memcg->memory);
+
+		si->totalram = memtotal;
+		si->freeram = (memtotal > memused ? memtotal - memused : 0);
+		si->sharedram = memcg_page_state(memcg, NR_SHMEM);
+
+		si->bufferram = nr_blockdev_pages();
+		si->totalhigh = totalhigh_pages();
+		si->freehigh = nr_free_highpages();
+		si->mem_unit = PAGE_SIZE;
+	} else {
+		si_meminfo(si);
+		memused = si->totalram - si->freeram;
+	}
+
+	swapsize = READ_ONCE(memcg->memsw.max);
+
+	if (swapsize != PAGE_COUNTER_MAX) {
+		unsigned long swaptotal, swapused;
+
+		swaptotal = swapsize - memtotal;
+		swapused = page_counter_read(&memcg->memsw) - memused;
+		si->totalswap = swaptotal;
+		/* Due to global reclaim, memory.memsw.usage can be greater than
+		 * (memory.memsw.max - memory.max). */
+		si->freeswap = (swaptotal > swapused ? swaptotal - swapused : 0);
+	} else {
+		si_swapinfo(si);
+	}
+
+	css_put(css);
+}
+
+void mem_fill_meminfo(struct meminfo *mi, struct task_struct *task)
+{
+	struct cgroup_subsys_state *memcg_css = task_css(task, memory_cgrp_id);
+	struct mem_cgroup *memcg = mem_cgroup_from_css(memcg_css);
+	int nid;
+
+	memset(&mi->pages, 0, sizeof(mi->pages));
+
+	mem_cgroup_si_meminfo(&mi->si, task);
+
+	for_each_online_node(nid)
+		mem_cgroup_nr_pages(memcg, nid, mi->pages);
+
+	mi->slab_reclaimable = memcg_page_state(memcg, NR_SLAB_RECLAIMABLE_B);
+	mi->slab_unreclaimable = memcg_page_state(memcg, NR_SLAB_UNRECLAIMABLE_B);
+	mi->cached = memcg_page_state(memcg, NR_FILE_PAGES);
+	mi->swapcached = memcg_page_state(memcg, NR_SWAPCACHE);
+	mi->anon_pages = memcg_page_state(memcg, NR_ANON_MAPPED);
+	mi->mapped = memcg_page_state(memcg, NR_FILE_MAPPED);
+	mi->nr_pagetable = memcg_page_state(memcg, NR_PAGETABLE);
+	mi->dirty_pages = memcg_page_state(memcg, NR_FILE_DIRTY);
+	mi->writeback_pages = memcg_page_state(memcg, NR_WRITEBACK);
+}
+
 static int memcg_numa_stat_show(struct seq_file *m, void *v)
 {
 	struct numa_stat {
diff --git a/mm/page_alloc.c b/mm/page_alloc.c
index aaa1655cf682..0a3c9dcd2c13 100644
--- a/mm/page_alloc.c
+++ b/mm/page_alloc.c
@@ -5551,18 +5551,13 @@ static inline void show_node(struct zone *zone)
 		printk("Node %d ", zone_to_nid(zone));
 }
 
-long si_mem_available(void)
+long si_mem_available_mi(struct meminfo *mi)
 {
 	long available;
 	unsigned long pagecache;
 	unsigned long wmark_low = 0;
-	unsigned long pages[NR_LRU_LISTS];
 	unsigned long reclaimable;
 	struct zone *zone;
-	int lru;
-
-	for (lru = LRU_BASE; lru < NR_LRU_LISTS; lru++)
-		pages[lru] = global_node_page_state(NR_LRU_BASE + lru);
 
 	for_each_zone(zone)
 		wmark_low += low_wmark_pages(zone);
@@ -5571,14 +5566,14 @@ long si_mem_available(void)
 	 * Estimate the amount of memory available for userspace allocations,
 	 * without causing swapping.
 	 */
-	available = global_zone_page_state(NR_FREE_PAGES) - totalreserve_pages;
+	available = mi->si.freeram - totalreserve_pages;
 
 	/*
 	 * Not all the page cache can be freed, otherwise the system will
 	 * start swapping. Assume at least half of the page cache, or the
 	 * low watermark worth of cache, needs to stay.
 	 */
-	pagecache = pages[LRU_ACTIVE_FILE] + pages[LRU_INACTIVE_FILE];
+	pagecache = mi->pages[LRU_ACTIVE_FILE] + mi->pages[LRU_INACTIVE_FILE];
 	pagecache -= min(pagecache / 2, wmark_low);
 	available += pagecache;
 
@@ -5587,14 +5582,27 @@ long si_mem_available(void)
 	 * items that are in use, and cannot be freed. Cap this estimate at the
 	 * low watermark.
 	 */
-	reclaimable = global_node_page_state_pages(NR_SLAB_RECLAIMABLE_B) +
-		global_node_page_state(NR_KERNEL_MISC_RECLAIMABLE);
+	reclaimable = mi->slab_reclaimable + global_node_page_state(NR_KERNEL_MISC_RECLAIMABLE);
 	available += reclaimable - min(reclaimable / 2, wmark_low);
 
 	if (available < 0)
 		available = 0;
 	return available;
 }
+
+long si_mem_available(void)
+{
+	struct meminfo mi;
+	int lru;
+
+	for (lru = LRU_BASE; lru < NR_LRU_LISTS; lru++)
+		mi.pages[lru] = global_node_page_state(NR_LRU_BASE + lru);
+
+	mi.si.freeram = global_zone_page_state(NR_FREE_PAGES);
+	mi.slab_reclaimable = global_node_page_state_pages(NR_SLAB_RECLAIMABLE_B);
+
+	return si_mem_available_mi(&mi);
+}
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(si_mem_available);
 
 void si_meminfo(struct sysinfo *val)
-- 
2.29.3

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