linux-kernel - Re: [PATCH v2] mm/gup: fix try_grab_compound_head() race with split_huge

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Date:   Tue, 15 Jun 2021 14:09:38 +0200
From:   Jann Horn <jannh@...gle.com>
To:     John Hubbard <jhubbard@...dia.com>,
        Matthew Wilcox <willy@...radead.org>
Cc:     Andrew Morton <akpm@...ux-foundation.org>,
        Linux-MM <linux-mm@...ck.org>,
        kernel list <linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org>,
        "Kirill A . Shutemov" <kirill@...temov.name>,
        Jan Kara <jack@...e.cz>, stable <stable@...r.kernel.org>
Subject: Re: [PATCH v2] mm/gup: fix try_grab_compound_head() race with split_huge_page()

On Tue, Jun 15, 2021 at 8:37 AM John Hubbard <jhubbard@...dia.com> wrote:
> On 6/14/21 6:20 PM, Jann Horn wrote:
> > try_grab_compound_head() is used to grab a reference to a page from
> > get_user_pages_fast(), which is only protected against concurrent
> > freeing of page tables (via local_irq_save()), but not against
> > concurrent TLB flushes, freeing of data pages, or splitting of compound
> > pages.
[...]
> Reviewed-by: John Hubbard <jhubbard@...dia.com>

Thanks!

[...]
> > @@ -55,8 +72,23 @@ static inline struct page *try_get_compound_head(struct page *page, int refs)
> >       if (WARN_ON_ONCE(page_ref_count(head) < 0))
> >               return NULL;
> >       if (unlikely(!page_cache_add_speculative(head, refs)))
> >               return NULL;
> > +
> > +     /*
> > +      * At this point we have a stable reference to the head page; but it
> > +      * could be that between the compound_head() lookup and the refcount
> > +      * increment, the compound page was split, in which case we'd end up
> > +      * holding a reference on a page that has nothing to do with the page
> > +      * we were given anymore.
> > +      * So now that the head page is stable, recheck that the pages still
> > +      * belong together.
> > +      */
> > +     if (unlikely(compound_head(page) != head)) {
>
> I was just wondering about what all could happen here. Such as: page gets split,
> reallocated into a different-sized compound page, one that still has page pointing
> to head. I think that's OK, because we don't look at or change other huge page
> fields.
>
> But I thought I'd mention the idea in case anyone else has any clever ideas about
> how this simple check might be insufficient here. It seems fine to me, but I
> routinely lack enough imagination about concurrent operations. :)

Hmmm... I think the scariest aspect here is probably the interaction
with concurrent allocation of a compound page on architectures with
store-store reordering (like ARM). *If* the page allocator handled
compound pages with lockless, non-atomic percpu freelists, I think it
might be possible that the zeroing of tail_page->compound_head in
put_page() could be reordered after the page has been freed,
reallocated and set to refcount 1 again?

That shouldn't be possible at the moment, but it is still a bit scary.

I think the lockless page cache code also has to deal with somewhat
similar ordering concerns when it uses page_cache_get_speculative(),
e.g. in mapping_get_entry() - first it looks up a page pointer with
xas_load(), and any access to the page later on would be a _dependent
load_, but if the page then gets freed, reallocated, and inserted into
the page cache again before the refcount increment and the re-check
using xas_reload(), then there would be no data dependency from
xas_reload() to the following use of the page...