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Message-ID: <BY5PR21MB1506412BC2AB188D44EA981BCE089@BY5PR21MB1506.namprd21.prod.outlook.com>
Date: Wed, 23 Jun 2021 22:59:08 +0000
From: Long Li <longli@...rosoft.com>
To: Michael Kelley <mikelley@...rosoft.com>,
"longli@...uxonhyperv.com" <longli@...uxonhyperv.com>,
"linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org" <linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org>,
"linux-hyperv@...r.kernel.org" <linux-hyperv@...r.kernel.org>
CC: KY Srinivasan <kys@...rosoft.com>,
Haiyang Zhang <haiyangz@...rosoft.com>,
Stephen Hemminger <sthemmin@...rosoft.com>,
Wei Liu <wei.liu@...nel.org>, Dexuan Cui <decui@...rosoft.com>
Subject: RE: [PATCH 2/2] Drivers: hv: add XStore Fastpath driver
> Subject: RE: [PATCH 2/2] Drivers: hv: add XStore Fastpath driver
>
> From: Long Li <longli@...rosoft.com> Sent: Wednesday, June 23, 2021 12:21
> PM
> > >
> > > From: longli@...uxonhyperv.com <longli@...uxonhyperv.com> Sent:
> > > Monday, June 7, 2021 6:05 PM
> > > >
> > > > Add XStore Fastpath driver to support accelerated access to Azure
> > > > Blob Storage Services.
> > > >
> > > > Cc: K. Y. Srinivasan <kys@...rosoft.com>
> > > > Cc: Haiyang Zhang <haiyangz@...rosoft.com>
> > > > Cc: Stephen Hemminger <sthemmin@...rosoft.com>
> > > > Cc: Wei Liu <wei.liu@...nel.org>
> > > > Cc: Dexuan Cui <decui@...rosoft.com>
> > > > Signed-off-by: Long Li <longli@...rosoft.com>
> > > > ---
> > > > MAINTAINERS | 1 +
> > > > drivers/hv/Kconfig | 11 +
> > > > drivers/hv/Makefile | 1 +
> > > > drivers/hv/channel_mgmt.c | 6 +
> > > > drivers/hv/hv_xs_fastpath.c | 579
> > > > ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
> > > > drivers/hv/hv_xs_fastpath.h | 82 +++++++
> > > > include/linux/hyperv.h | 9 +
> > > > 7 files changed, 689 insertions(+) create mode 100644
> > > > drivers/hv/hv_xs_fastpath.c create mode 100644
> > > > drivers/hv/hv_xs_fastpath.h
> > > >
> > > > diff --git a/MAINTAINERS b/MAINTAINERS index 9487061..b547eb9
> > > > 100644
> > > > --- a/MAINTAINERS
> > > > +++ b/MAINTAINERS
> > > > @@ -8440,6 +8440,7 @@ M: Haiyang Zhang
> <haiyangz@...rosoft.com>
> > > > M: Stephen Hemminger <sthemmin@...rosoft.com>
> > > > M: Wei Liu <wei.liu@...nel.org>
> > > > M: Dexuan Cui <decui@...rosoft.com>
> > > > +M: Long Li <longli@...rosoft.com>
> > > > L: linux-hyperv@...r.kernel.org
> > > > S: Supported
> > > > T: git
> git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/hyperv/linux.git
> > >
> > > Seems like adding you to the Hyper-V maintainers list should be a
> > > separate patch. Having "maintainer" status is unrelated to adding this
> new driver.
> >
> > There was a warning from checkpatch.pl. It asks me to add to
> > maintainers in the same patch of the driver.
> >
>
> I've also seen this warning when adding a new file. I think it is just asking you
> to check if the new file is already covered by a maintainer.
> For any files added to the drivers/hv directory, like here, we already have
> maintainers specified, and the warning can be ignored. The logic in
> checkpatch.pl isn't sophisticated enough to figure out for sure whether there
> are already maintainers specified.
>
> > >
> > > > diff --git a/drivers/hv/Kconfig b/drivers/hv/Kconfig index
> > > > 66c794d..2128a8b 100644
> > > > --- a/drivers/hv/Kconfig
> > > > +++ b/drivers/hv/Kconfig
> > > > @@ -27,4 +27,15 @@ config HYPERV_BALLOON
> > > > help
> > > > Select this option to enable Hyper-V Balloon driver.
> > > >
> > > > +config HYPERV_XS_FASTPATH
> > > > + tristate "Microsoft Azure XStore Fastpath driver"
> > > > + depends on HYPERV && X86_64
> > > > + help
> > > > + Select this option to enable Microsoft Azure XStore Fastpath driver.
> > > > +
> > > > + This driver supports accelerated Microsoft Azure XStore Blob access.
> > > > + To compile this driver as a module, choose M here. The module will
> be
> > > > + called hv_xs_fastpath.
> > > > +
> > > > +
> > > > endmenu
> > > > diff --git a/drivers/hv/Makefile b/drivers/hv/Makefile index
> > > > 94daf82..080fe88 100644
> > > > --- a/drivers/hv/Makefile
> > > > +++ b/drivers/hv/Makefile
> > > > @@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
> > > > obj-$(CONFIG_HYPERV) += hv_vmbus.o
> > > > obj-$(CONFIG_HYPERV_UTILS) += hv_utils.o
> > > > obj-$(CONFIG_HYPERV_BALLOON) += hv_balloon.o
> > > > +obj-$(CONFIG_HYPERV_XS_FASTPATH)+= hv_xs_fastpath.o
> > > >
> > > > CFLAGS_hv_trace.o = -I$(src)
> > > > CFLAGS_hv_balloon.o = -I$(src)
> > > > diff --git a/drivers/hv/channel_mgmt.c b/drivers/hv/channel_mgmt.c
> > > > index 6fd7ae5..a3f156e 100644
> > > > --- a/drivers/hv/channel_mgmt.c
> > > > +++ b/drivers/hv/channel_mgmt.c
> > > > @@ -153,6 +153,12 @@
> > > > .allowed_in_isolated = false,
> > > > },
> > > >
> > > > + /* XStore Fastpath */
> > > > + { .dev_type = HV_XS_FASTPATH,
> > > > + HV_XS_FASTPATH_GUID,
> > > > + .perf_device = true,
> > >
> > > I'm curious about setting .perf_device=true. The other perf devices
> > > are those that support multiple VMbus channels, but this device has
> > > only a single channel. Is there another reason to set .perf_device=true?
> > >
> > > Also set .allowed_in_isolated to "false" so that it is explicitly
> > > called out like the other entries in the table.
> >
> > Will fix this.
> >
> > >
> > > > + },
> > > > +
> > > > /* Unknown GUID */
> > > > { .dev_type = HV_UNKNOWN,
> > > > .perf_device = false,
> > > > diff --git a/drivers/hv/hv_xs_fastpath.c
> > > > b/drivers/hv/hv_xs_fastpath.c new file mode 100644 index
> > > > 0000000..ee4152e
> > > > --- /dev/null
> > > > +++ b/drivers/hv/hv_xs_fastpath.c
> > > > @@ -0,0 +1,579 @@
> > > > +// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
> > >
> > > Let's have an offline discussion about the license choice here and
> > > in hv_xs_fastpath.h.
> > >
> > > > +/*
> > > > + * Copyright (c) 2021, Microsoft Corporation.
> > > > + *
> > > > + * Authors:
> > > > + * Long Li <longli@...rosoft.com>
> > > > + */
> > > > +#include <linux/kernel.h>
> > > > +#include <linux/module.h>
> > > > +#include <linux/device.h>
> > > > +#include <linux/slab.h>
> > > > +#include <linux/cred.h>
> > > > +#include <linux/debugfs.h>
> > > > +#include <linux/pagemap.h>
> > > > +#include "hv_xs_fastpath.h"
> > > > +
> > > > +#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_FS
> > > > +struct dentry *xs_fastpath_debugfs_root; #endif
> > > > +
> > > > +static struct xs_fastpath_device xs_fastpath_dev;
> > > > +
> > > > +static int xs_fastpath_ringbuffer_size = (128 * 1024);
> > > > +module_param(xs_fastpath_ringbuffer_size, int, 0444);
> > > > +MODULE_PARM_DESC(xs_fastpath_ringbuffer_size, "Ring buffer size
> > > > +(bytes)");
> > > > +
> > > > +static const struct hv_vmbus_device_id id_table[] = {
> > > > + { HV_XS_FASTPATH_GUID,
> > > > + .driver_data = 0
> > > > + },
> > > > + { },
> > > > +};
> > > > +
> > > > +#define XS_ERR 0
> > > > +#define XS_WARN 1
> > > > +#define XS_DBG 2
> > > > +static int log_level = XS_WARN;
> > > > +module_param(log_level, int, 0644);
> > > > +MODULE_PARM_DESC(logging_level,
> > >
> > > s/logging_level/log_level/
> > >
> > > > + "Log level, 0 - Error, 1 - Warning (default), 3 - Debug.");
> > >
> > > s/Log level, 0/Log level: 0/
> > > s/3 - Debug/2 - Debug/
> > >
> > > > +
> > > > +#define xs_fastpath_log(level, fmt, args...) \
> > > > +do { \
> > > > + if (level <= log_level) \
> > > > + pr_err("%s:%d " fmt, __func__, __LINE__, ##args); \
> > > > +} while (0)
> > > > +
> > > > +#define xs_fastpath_dbg(fmt, args...) xs_fastpath_log(XS_DBG,
> > > > +fmt,
> > > > +##args) #define xs_fastpath_warn(fmt, args...)
> > > > +xs_fastpath_log(XS_WARN, fmt, ##args) #define
> > > > +xs_fastpath_err(fmt,
> > > > +args...) xs_fastpath_log(XS_ERR, fmt, ##args)
> > > > +
> > > > +struct xs_fastpath_vsp_request_ctx {
> > > > + struct list_head list;
> > > > + struct completion wait_vsp;
> > > > + struct xs_fastpath_request_sync *request; };
> > >
> > > Any reason for this structure definition to be here instead of in
> > > hv_xs_fastpath.h?
> >
> > I will restructure the code and move most driver private data structures
> to .c file.
> >
> > >
> > > > +
> > > > +static void xs_fastpath_on_channel_callback(void *context) {
> > > > + struct vmbus_channel *channel = (struct vmbus_channel *)context;
> > > > + const struct vmpacket_descriptor *desc;
> > > > +
> > > > + xs_fastpath_dbg("entering interrupt from vmbus\n");
> > > > + foreach_vmbus_pkt(desc, channel) {
> > > > + struct xs_fastpath_vsp_request_ctx *request_ctx;
> > > > + struct xs_fastpath_vsp_response *response;
> > > > + u64 cmd_rqst = vmbus_request_addr(&channel->requestor,
> > > > + desc->trans_id);
> > > > + if (cmd_rqst == VMBUS_RQST_ERROR) {
> > > > + xs_fastpath_err("Incorrect transaction id %llu\n",
> > > > + desc->trans_id);
> > > > + continue;
> > > > + }
> > > > + request_ctx = (struct xs_fastpath_vsp_request_ctx
> *)cmd_rqst;
> > > > + response = hv_pkt_data(desc);
> > > > +
> > > > + xs_fastpath_dbg("got response for request %pUb status %u"
> > > > + "response_len %u\n",
> > > > + &request_ctx->request->guid, response->error,
> > > > + response->response_len);
> > > > + request_ctx->request->response.status = response->error;
> > > > + request_ctx->request->response.response_len =
> > > > + response->response_len;
> > > > + complete(&request_ctx->wait_vsp);
> > > > + }
> > >
> > > This for loop could potentially go on for a long time if there were
> > > lots of responses in the ring buffer, or responses being added while
> > > this loop is running. It seems like there should be some timeout,
> > > and the remaining work rescheduled to prevent it from running too
> > > long. I know this code is just like the code in storvsc, but
> > > storvsc_on_channel_callback() has the same problem, which is on my list
> to fix.
> >
> > This is a good point. I don't think this is a problem for remote
> > storage drivers, as they are on request-response protocol, and
> > completions can't stall the CPU. Other storage drivers like NVMe is using a
> similar loop in nvme_process_cq().
> >
> > >
> > > > +
> > > > +}
> > > > +
> > > > +static int xs_fastpath_fop_open(struct inode *inode, struct file
> > > > +*file) {
> > > > + atomic_inc(&xs_fastpath_dev.file_count);
> > > > + if (xs_fastpath_dev.removing) {
> > > > + if (atomic_dec_and_test(&xs_fastpath_dev.file_count))
> > > > + wake_up(&xs_fastpath_dev.wait_files);
> > > > + return -ENODEV;
> > > > + }
> > > > +
> > > > + file->private_data = &xs_fastpath_dev;
> > > > +
> > > > + return 0;
> > > > +}
> > > > +
> > > > +static int xs_fastpath_fop_release(struct inode *inode, struct
> > > > +file
> > > > +*file) {
> > > > + if (atomic_dec_and_test(&xs_fastpath_dev.file_count))
> > > > + wake_up(&xs_fastpath_dev.wait_files);
> > > > + return 0;
> > > > +}
> > > > +
> > > > +static inline bool xs_fastpath_safe_file_access(struct file *file) {
> > > > + return file->f_cred == current_cred() && !uaccess_kernel(); }
> > > > +
> > > > +static int get_buffer_pages(int rw, void __user *buffer, u32
> buffer_len,
> > > > + struct page ***ppages, size_t *start, size_t *num_pages) {
> > > > + struct iovec iov;
> > > > + struct iov_iter iter;
> > > > + int ret;
> > > > + ssize_t result;
> > > > + struct page **pages;
> > > > +
> > > > + ret = import_single_range(rw, buffer, buffer_len, &iov, &iter);
> > > > + if (ret) {
> > > > + xs_fastpath_err("request buffer access error %d\n", ret);
> > > > + return ret;
> > > > + }
> > > > + xs_fastpath_dbg("iov_iter type %d offset %lu count %lu
> nr_segs %lu\n",
> > > > + iter.type, iter.iov_offset, iter.count, iter.nr_segs);
> > > > +
> > > > + result = iov_iter_get_pages_alloc(&iter, &pages, buffer_len, start);
> > > > + if (result < 0) {
> > > > + xs_fastpath_err("failed to ping user pages result=%ld\n",
> > > > +result);
> > >
> > > s/ping/pin/ [??]
> > >
> > > > + return result;
> > > > + }
> > > > + if (result != buffer_len) {
> > > > + xs_fastpath_err("can't ping user pages requested %d
> got %ld\n",
> > >
> > > s/ping/pin/ [??]
> > >
> > > > + buffer_len, result);
> > > > + return -EFAULT;
> > > > + }
> > > > +
> > > > + *ppages = pages;
> > > > + *num_pages = (result + *start + PAGE_SIZE - 1) / PAGE_SIZE;
> > > > + return 0;
> > > > +}
> > >
> > > Can any of the xs_fastpath_err() calls be caused by a user error,
> > > such as passing in bad values on an ioctl call? If so, we probably
> > > want to not print a console message in those cases.
> > >
> > > > +
> > > > +static void fill_in_page_buffer(u64 *pfn_array,
> > > > + int *index, struct page **pages, unsigned long num_pages) {
> > > > + int i, page_idx = *index;
> > > > +
> > > > + for (i = 0; i < num_pages; i++)
> > > > + pfn_array[page_idx++] = page_to_pfn(pages[i]);
> > > > + *index = page_idx;
> > > > +}
> > >
> > > See notes below. Filling in the pfn_array needs to account for
> > > running on an
> > > ARM64 system where PAGE_SIZE != HV_HYP_PAGE_SIZE.
> >
> > The driver is currently conditioned on X86_64 in kconfig, as there is
> > no host driver and no way to test it on ARM64. I suggest adding support to
> ARM64 if needed in future.
>
> I'm not completely in agreement with the idea of solving the issues with
> different PAGE_SIZE later, but as you say, the driver is conditioned on
> X86_64 in Kconfig, so I won't argue the point.
>
> >
> > >
> > > > +
> > > > +static void free_buffer_pages(size_t num_pages, struct page
> > > > +**pages) {
> > > > + unsigned long i;
> > > > +
> > > > + for (i = 0; i < num_pages; i++)
> > > > + if (pages[i])
> > > > + put_page(pages[i]);
> > > > + kfree(pages);
> > >
> > > Doesn't this need to be kvfree()? 'pages' is allocated with
> > > kvmalloc(), which could return vmalloc memory.
> >
> > Will fix this.
> >
> > >
> > > > +}
> > > > +
> > > > +static long xs_fastpath_ioctl_user_request(struct file *filp,
> > > > +unsigned long arg) {
> > > > + struct xs_fastpath_device *dev = filp->private_data;
> > > > + char __user *argp = (char __user *) arg;
> > > > + struct xs_fastpath_request_sync request;
> > > > + struct xs_fastpath_vsp_request_ctx *request_ctx;
> > > > + unsigned long flags;
> > > > + int ret;
> > > > + size_t request_start, request_num_pages = 0;
> > > > + size_t response_start, response_num_pages = 0;
> > > > + size_t data_start, data_num_pages = 0, total_num_pages;
> > > > + struct page **request_pages = NULL, **response_pages = NULL;
> > > > + struct page **data_pages = NULL;
> > > > + struct vmbus_packet_mpb_array *desc;
> > > > + u64 *pfn_array;
> > > > + int desc_size;
> > > > + int page_idx;
> > > > + struct xs_fastpath_vsp_request *vsp_request;
> > > > +
> > > > + if (dev->removing)
> > > > + return -ENODEV;
> > >
> > > I think this test is just to avoid starting a new request if we know
> > > that the device has been marked for removing. But because there's
> > > no synchronization, it's possible for the "removing" flag to be set
> > > immediately after the test has passed.
> >
> > The usage of this flag "removing" here is to provide a fast failure
> > path if a user-mode keeps requesting while the device is being
> > removed, thus saving CPU cycles if a malicious user- mode is doing
> > this. It's okay to remove the check of this flag and it doesn't affect the
> correctness of the device removal logic. I prefer to leave the check as is.
> >
> > >
> > > > +
> > > > + if (!xs_fastpath_safe_file_access(filp)) {
> > > > + xs_fastpath_err("process %d(%s) changed security contexts
> after"
> > > > + " opening file descriptor\n",
> > > > + task_tgid_vnr(current), current->comm);
> > >
> > > I don't think we should produce a console message, at least not a "err"
> > > level. It gives a user the ability to generate an arbitrary number
> > > of console messages. Maybe "dbg" level would be OK.
> > >
> > > > + return -EACCES;
> > > > + }
> > > > +
> > > > + if (!access_ok(argp, sizeof(struct xs_fastpath_request_sync))) {
> > > > +
> > > > + xs_fastpath_err("don't have permission to user provide
> buffer\n");
> > > > + return -EFAULT;
> > > > + }
> > >
> > > Is this check needed at all? Again, we don't want to generate a
> > > console message due to a user error, and copy_from_user() below
> > > will validate that the access is OK. A "dbg" level message would be
> > > OK.
> >
> > Yes, this can be removed as copy_from_user() will guarantee permission is
> correct.
> >
> > >
> > > > +
> > > > + if (copy_from_user(&request, argp, sizeof(request)))
> > > > + return -EFAULT;
> > > > +
> > > > + xs_fastpath_dbg("xs_fastpath ioctl request guid %pUb timeout %u
> request_len %u"
> > > > + " response_len %u data_len %u request_buffer %llx "
> > > > + "response_buffer %llx data_buffer %llx\n",
> > > > + &request.guid, request.timeout, request.request_len,
> > > > + request.response_len, request.data_len,
> request.request_buffer,
> > > > + request.response_buffer, request.data_buffer);
> > > > +
> > > > + if (!request.request_len || !request.response_len)
> > > > + return -EINVAL;
> > > > +
> > > > + request_ctx = kzalloc(sizeof(*request_ctx), GFP_KERNEL);
> > > > + if (!request_ctx)
> > > > + return -ENOMEM;
> > >
> > > Could the request_ctx just be on the stack? Below, it stores a
> > > pointer to the request, which is on the stack, and the request is
> > > accessed on the onchannel_callback function.
> > > So having request_ctx on the stack wouldn't be the only usage of a
> > > stack variable in the onchannel_callback function.
> >
> > I can move to request_ctx to stack.
> >
> > >
> > > > +
> > > > + init_completion(&request_ctx->wait_vsp);
> > > > + request_ctx->request = &request;
> > > > +
> > > > + /*
> > > > + * Need to set rw to READ to have page table set up for passing to
> VSP.
> > > > + * Setting it to WRITE will cause the page table entry not allocated
> > > > + * as it's waiting on Copy-On-Write on next page fault. This doesn't
> > > > + * work in this scenario because VSP wants all the pages to be
> present.
> > > > + */
> > > > + ret = get_buffer_pages(READ, (void __user
> *)request.request_buffer,
> > > > + request.request_len, &request_pages, &request_start,
> > > > + &request_num_pages);
> > > > + if (ret)
> > > > + goto get_user_page_failed;
> > > > +
> > > > + ret = get_buffer_pages(READ, (void __user
> *)request.response_buffer,
> > > > + request.response_len, &response_pages, &response_start,
> > > > + &response_num_pages);
> > > > + if (ret)
> > > > + goto get_user_page_failed;
> > > > +
> > > > + if (request.data_len) {
> > > > + ret = get_buffer_pages(READ,
> > > > + (void __user *) request.data_buffer,
> request.data_len,
> > > > + &data_pages, &data_start, &data_num_pages);
> > > > + if (ret)
> > > > + goto get_user_page_failed;
> > > > + }
> > >
> > > Do the request_len, response_len, and data_len need to be validated
> > > before being passed to get_buffer_pages() since they are passed in
> > > from user space? The fields are 32 bits, so the max value is 4
> > > Gbytes, which maybe is OK. But with XS_FASTPATH_MAX_PAGES set to
> > > 8192, the maximum size is
> > > 32 Mbytes with a 4K page size, and 512 Mbytes with a 64K page size.
> >
> > The VSP support a maximum of 32MB of buffer pages combined, so
> > XS_FASTPATH_MAX_PAGES is set to 8192. The check is done to make sure
> > we don't pass excessive pages to VSP. I'll check on request_len,
> > response_len and data_len before allocating pages.
> >
>
> Got it. But since the VSP limit is based on size (32 MB), not pages, could the
> check be done based on size rather than page count? This would be one less
> thing to fix later to handle ARM64 page sizes.
>
> > >
> > > > +
> > > > + total_num_pages = request_num_pages + response_num_pages +
> > > > + data_num_pages;
> > > > + if (total_num_pages > XS_FASTPATH_MAX_PAGES) {
> > >
> > > Note that this check imposes different limits depending on PAGE_SIZE.
> > > Is the value XS_FASTPATH_MAX_PAGES governed by the largest
> > > vmbus_packet_mpb_array that Hyper-V will accept? If not, does there
> > > need to be a check against the max vmbus_packet_mpb_array size?
> > > (I don't know what the Hyper-V limit is.)
> > >
> > > > + xs_fastpath_err("number of DMA pages %lu buffer
> exceeding %u\n",
> > > > + total_num_pages, XS_FASTPATH_MAX_PAGES);
> > > > + ret = -EINVAL;
> > > > + goto get_user_page_failed;
> > > > + }
> > > > +
> > > > + /* Construct a VMBUS packet and send it over to VSP */
> > > > + desc_size = sizeof(struct vmbus_packet_mpb_array) +
> > > > + sizeof(u64) * total_num_pages;
> > >
> > > The above doesn't handle the case where the guest PAGE_SIZE is
> > > different from the Hyper-V page size (HV_HYP_PAGE_SIZE), as can
> happen on ARM64.
> > >
> > > > + desc = kzalloc(desc_size, GFP_KERNEL);
> > > > + vsp_request = kzalloc(sizeof(*vsp_request), GFP_KERNEL);
> > > > + if (!desc || !vsp_request) {
> > > > + kfree(desc);
> > > > + kfree(vsp_request);
> > > > + ret = -ENOMEM;
> > > > + goto get_user_page_failed;
> > > > + }
> > > > +
> > > > + desc->range.offset = 0;
> > > > + desc->range.len = total_num_pages * PAGE_SIZE;
> > > > + pfn_array = desc->range.pfn_array;
> > > > + page_idx = 0;
> > > > +
> > > > + if (request.data_len) {
> > > > + fill_in_page_buffer(pfn_array, &page_idx, data_pages,
> > > > + data_num_pages);
> > > > + vsp_request->data_buffer_offset = data_start;
> > > > + vsp_request->data_buffer_length = request.data_len;
> > > > + vsp_request->data_buffer_valid = 1;
> > > > + }
> > > > +
> > > > + fill_in_page_buffer(pfn_array, &page_idx, request_pages,
> > > > + request_num_pages);
> > > > + vsp_request->request_buffer_offset = request_start +
> > > > + data_num_pages *
> PAGE_SIZE;
> > > > + vsp_request->request_buffer_length = request.request_len;
> > > > +
> > > > + fill_in_page_buffer(pfn_array, &page_idx, response_pages,
> > > > + response_num_pages);
> > > > + vsp_request->response_buffer_offset = response_start +
> > > > + (data_num_pages + request_num_pages) * PAGE_SIZE;
> > > > + vsp_request->response_buffer_length = request.response_len;
> > >
> > > All of the above that is filling in the pfn_array needs to handle
> > > the case where PAGE_SIZE != HV_HYP_PAGE_SIZE.
> > >
> > > > +
> > > > + vsp_request->version = 0;
> > > > + vsp_request->timeout_ms = request.timeout;
> > >
> > > Does the request.timeout value from user space need to be validated?
> > > I'm thinking about a value of 0, or a really small value like 1 ms,
> > > or a really large value that effectively means no timeout.
> >
> > The timeout is not used by the VSC/VSP kernel mode, so we don't mess up
> with it.
>
> In that case, would it be better to just pass zero as the timeout in the VSP
> request?
Checked with VSP guy, I got it wrong in the previous email. VSP kernel-mode does use this timeout to decide when to cancel the I/O. Accounting for CPU usage, the VSC is guaranteed to get a response back in timeout (+ some delays).
But I don't know how we can check this value in the VSC. A value of 0 means waiting forever at VSP, and a user-mode can choose whatever timeout it wants.
>
> >
> > >
> > > > + vsp_request->operation_type =
> XS_FASTPATH_DRIVER_USER_REQUEST;
> > > > + guid_copy(&vsp_request->transaction_id, &request.guid);
> > > > +
> > > > + spin_lock_irqsave(&dev->vsp_pending_lock, flags);
> > > > + list_add_tail(&request_ctx->list, &dev->vsp_pending_list);
> > > > + spin_unlock_irqrestore(&dev->vsp_pending_lock, flags);
> > > > +
> > > > + xs_fastpath_dbg("sending request to VSP\n");
> > > > + xs_fastpath_dbg("desc_size %u desc->range.len %u desc-
> range.offset %u\n",
> > > > + desc_size, desc->range.len, desc->range.offset);
> > > > + xs_fastpath_dbg("vsp_request data_buffer_offset %u
> data_buffer_length %u "
> > > > + "data_buffer_valid %u request_buffer_offset %u "
> > > > + "request_buffer_length %u response_buffer_offset %u "
> > > > + "response_buffer_length %u\n",
> > > > + vsp_request->data_buffer_offset,
> > > > + vsp_request->data_buffer_length,
> > > > + vsp_request->data_buffer_valid,
> > > > + vsp_request->request_buffer_offset,
> > > > + vsp_request->request_buffer_length,
> > > > + vsp_request->response_buffer_offset,
> > > > + vsp_request->response_buffer_length);
> > > > +
> > > > + ret = vmbus_sendpacket_mpb_desc(dev->device->channel, desc,
> desc_size,
> > > > + vsp_request, sizeof(*vsp_request), (u64) request_ctx);
> > > > +
> > > > + kfree(desc);
> > > > + kfree(vsp_request);
> > > > + if (ret)
> > > > + goto vmbus_send_failed;
> > > > +
> > > > + wait_for_completion(&request_ctx->wait_vsp);
> > >
> > > This is a "wait forever", which exists in other places in the
> > > Hyper-V drivers, but we've learned that might not be a good idea.
> > > It's more complicated to deal with a timeout, and the potential for
> > > the Hyper-V response to come in after the timeout, but that would be
> > > the most robust approach. Maybe we can live with the "wait forever"
> > > approach for now, but in the long run we'll probably want something like
> a 30 second or 60 second timeout.
> > >
> > > > +
> > > > + /*
> > > > + * At this point, the response is already written to request
> > > > + * by VMBUS completion handler, copy them to user-mode buffers
> > > > + * and return to user-mode
> > > > + */
> > > > + if (copy_to_user(argp +
> > > > + offsetof(struct xs_fastpath_request_sync,
> > > > + response.status),
> > > > + &request.response.status,
> > > > + sizeof(request.response.status))) {
> > > > + ret = -EFAULT;
> > > > + goto vmbus_send_failed;
> > > > + }
> > > > +
> > > > + if (copy_to_user(argp +
> > > > + offsetof(struct xs_fastpath_request_sync,
> > > > + response.response_len),
> > > > + &request.response.response_len,
> > > > + sizeof(request.response.response_len)))
> > > > + ret = -EFAULT;
> > > > +
> > > > +vmbus_send_failed:
> > > > + spin_lock_irqsave(&dev->vsp_pending_lock, flags);
> > > > + list_del(&request_ctx->list);
> > > > + if (list_empty(&dev->vsp_pending_list))
> > > > + wake_up(&dev->wait_vsp);
> > > > + spin_unlock_irqrestore(&dev->vsp_pending_lock, flags);
> > > > +
> > > > +get_user_page_failed:
> > > > + free_buffer_pages(request_num_pages, request_pages);
> > > > + free_buffer_pages(response_num_pages, response_pages);
> > > > + free_buffer_pages(data_num_pages, data_pages);
> > > > +
> > > > + kfree(request_ctx);
> > > > + return ret;
> > > > +}
> > > > +
> > > > +static long xs_fastpath_fop_ioctl(struct file *filp, unsigned int cmd,
> > > > + unsigned long arg)
> > > > +{
> > > > + long ret = -EIO;
> > > > +
> > > > + switch (cmd) {
> > > > + case IOCTL_XS_FASTPATH_DRIVER_USER_REQUEST:
> > > > + if (_IOC_SIZE(cmd) != sizeof(struct
> xs_fastpath_request_sync))
> > > > + return -EINVAL;
> > > > + ret = xs_fastpath_ioctl_user_request(filp, arg);
> > > > + break;
> > > > +
> > > > + default:
> > > > + xs_fastpath_err("unrecognized IOCTL code %u\n", cmd);
> > >
> > > Again, probably don't want to output a console message just because
> > > user space passed a bad ioctl code.
> > >
> > > > + }
> > > > +
> > > > + return ret;
> > > > +}
> > > > +
> > > > +static const struct file_operations xs_fastpath_client_fops = {
> > > > + .owner = THIS_MODULE,
> > > > + .open = xs_fastpath_fop_open,
> > > > + .unlocked_ioctl = xs_fastpath_fop_ioctl,
> > > > + .release = xs_fastpath_fop_release, };
> > > > +
> > > > +static struct miscdevice xs_fastpath_misc_device = {
> > > > + MISC_DYNAMIC_MINOR,
> > > > + "azure_xs_fastpath",
> > > > + &xs_fastpath_client_fops,
> > > > +};
> > > > +
> > > > +static int xs_fastpath_show_pending_requests(struct seq_file *m,
> > > > +void
> > > > +*v) {
> > > > + unsigned long flags;
> > > > + struct xs_fastpath_vsp_request_ctx *request_ctx;
> > > > +
> > > > + seq_puts(m, "List of pending requests\n");
> > > > + seq_puts(m, "UUID request_len response_len data_len "
> > > > + "request_buffer response_buffer data_buffer\n");
> > > > + spin_lock_irqsave(&xs_fastpath_dev.vsp_pending_lock, flags);
> > > > + list_for_each_entry(request_ctx,
> &xs_fastpath_dev.vsp_pending_list, list) {
> > > > + seq_printf(m, "%pUb ", &request_ctx->request->guid);
> > > > + seq_printf(m, "%u ", request_ctx->request->request_len);
> > > > + seq_printf(m, "%u ", request_ctx->request->response_len);
> > > > + seq_printf(m, "%u ", request_ctx->request->data_len);
> > > > + seq_printf(m, "%llx ", request_ctx->request-request_buffer);
> > > > + seq_printf(m, "%llx ", request_ctx->request-
> response_buffer);
> > > > + seq_printf(m, "%llx\n", request_ctx->request->data_buffer);
> > > > + }
> > > > + spin_unlock_irqrestore(&xs_fastpath_dev.vsp_pending_lock,
> > > > +flags);
> > > > +
> > > > + return 0;
> > > > +}
> > > > +
> > > > +static int xs_fastpath_debugfs_open(struct inode *inode, struct
> > > > +file
> > > > +*file) {
> > > > + return single_open(file, xs_fastpath_show_pending_requests,
> > > > +NULL); }
> > > > +
> > > > +static const struct file_operations xs_fastpath_debugfs_fops = {
> > > > + .open = xs_fastpath_debugfs_open,
> > > > + .read = seq_read,
> > > > + .llseek = seq_lseek,
> > > > + .release = seq_release
> > > > +};
> > > > +
> > > > +static void xs_fastpath_remove_device(struct xs_fastpath_device
> > > > +*dev) {
> > > > + wait_event(dev->wait_files, atomic_read(&dev->file_count) == 0);
> > >
> > > After this wait_event() completes, but before misc_deregister()
> > > completes, the device can still be found and opened. Because the
> > > removing flag is set,
> > > xs_fastpath_fop_open() won't do anything but increment the
> > > file_count, then decrement it again, and call wake_up(). That all
> > > works with xs_fastpath_dev as a static variable. But it might not
> > > work if xs_fastpath_dev was dynamically allocated, as would be the
> > > case if multiple such devices were supported. So I'm wondering if
> > > this code really should do the
> > > misc_deregister() and debugfs_remove_recursive() first, and then to
> > > the wait_event(). When done in that order, you know that the device
> > > can't be found again after the wait_event() completes. Then the
> > > "removing" flag is not even needed.
> >
> > I don't think it's safe to call misc_deregister() while there are
> > files opened and I/O ongoing on the device. If you see we have this
> > guarantee from misc_deregister() to not mess up with ongoing I/O, please
> point me to the code.
>
> But your code doesn't provide this safety because immediately after
> wait_event() returns due to the file_count being 0, another process could
> open the /dev device and have it open at least for a short duration of time
> while it is checking the removing flag. So misc_deregister() could be
> happening in parallel with the /dev device being open (though not with I/Os
> being in progress).
The purpose is to prevent I/O in progress as it guarantees no file handles can be used to issue I/O. In async mode, the driver must return I/O response to user-mode and this shouldn't happen while misc_deregister() is in progress.
>
> I don't think there is any way for this driver (or any driver) to provide the kind
> of safety you describe, which is why I think misc_deregister() must handle it,
> though I haven't gone and looked specifically for the code that does so.
>
> >
> > I don't see the need for supporting multiple xs_fastpath_dev. It is
> > dynamically allocated on vmbus probe, currently there can be only one
> such device on the system.
>
> OK
>
> >
> > >
> > > > + misc_deregister(&xs_fastpath_misc_device);
> > > > +#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_FS
> > > > + debugfs_remove_recursive(xs_fastpath_debugfs_root);
> > > > +#endif
> > > > + /* At this point, we won't get any requests from user-mode */ }
> > > > +
> > > > +static int xs_fastpath_create_device(struct xs_fastpath_device
> > > > +*dev) {
> > > > + int rc;
> > > > + struct dentry *d;
> > > > +
> > > > + atomic_set(&xs_fastpath_dev.file_count, 0);
> > > > + init_waitqueue_head(&xs_fastpath_dev.wait_files);
> > > > + rc = misc_register(&xs_fastpath_misc_device);
> > > > + if (rc) {
> > > > + xs_fastpath_err("misc_register failed rc %d\n", rc);
> > > > + return rc;
> > > > + }
> > > > +
> > > > +#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_FS
> > > > + xs_fastpath_debugfs_root = debugfs_create_dir("xs_fastpath",
> NULL);
> > > > + if (!IS_ERR_OR_NULL(xs_fastpath_debugfs_root)) {
> > > > + d = debugfs_create_file("pending_requests", 0400,
> > > > + xs_fastpath_debugfs_root, NULL,
> > > > + &xs_fastpath_debugfs_fops);
> > > > + if (IS_ERR_OR_NULL(d)) {
> > > > + xs_fastpath_err("failed to create debugfs file\n");
> > > > +
> debugfs_remove_recursive(xs_fastpath_debugfs_root);
> > > > + xs_fastpath_debugfs_root = NULL;
> > > > + }
> > > > + } else
> > > > + xs_fastpath_err("failed to create debugfs root\n"); #endif
> > > > +
> > > > + return 0;
> > > > +}
> > > > +
> > > > +static int xs_fastpath_connect_to_vsp(struct hv_device *device,
> > > > +u32
> > > > +ring_size) {
> > > > + int ret;
> > > > +
> > > > + spin_lock_init(&xs_fastpath_dev.vsp_pending_lock);
> > > > + INIT_LIST_HEAD(&xs_fastpath_dev.vsp_pending_list);
> > > > + init_waitqueue_head(&xs_fastpath_dev.wait_vsp);
> > > > + xs_fastpath_dev.removing = false;
> > > > +
> > > > + xs_fastpath_dev.device = device;
> > > > + device->channel->rqstor_size = xs_fastpath_ringbuffer_size /
> > > > + sizeof(struct xs_fastpath_vsp_request);
> > >
> > > That setting probably isn't correct. Presumably the Hyper-V VSP can
> > > hold a certain number of requests that it has already removed the
> > > guest->host ring buffer. So the max number of in-flight requests
> > > would be that Hyper-V VSP count, plus the number of requests that
> > > will fit in the ring buffer.
> > >
> > > Independent of this setting, the ioctl's are synchronous, so the
> > > total number of in-flight requests will be the number of threads
> > > making requests. Note that these ioctl calls include all blobs
> > > being accessed using this method by all users running in the VM.
> > > Nonetheless, it might be reasonable to just put a fixed cap on that
> number.
> > > Perhaps something like 1024? If the limit is exceeded, the calls to
> > > vmbus_sendpacket_mpb_desc() will start failing because of being
> > > unable to allocate a requestID.
> >
> > The VSC is designed to support asynchronous I/O requests, so this
> > number can be potentially large. The reason why I put the largest
> > possible number for rqstor_size (based on ring buffer) is not having it limit
> other queue depths in the Fastpath code path.
>
> I don't understand why the rqstor_size would be based on the ring buffer
> size. rqstor_size needs to accommodate all in-flight requests, including those
> that the VSP may have already removed from the ring buffer but which are
> not yet complete.
This makes sense, I'll introduce a queue depth for the device and use that for rqstor_size.
>
> >
> > >
> > > Presumably the memory management subsystem will also limit the
> > > amount of memory being pinned by the ioctl calls, which could also
> > > cause the ioctl calls to return an error.
> > >
> > >
> > > > +
> > > > + ret = vmbus_open(device->channel, ring_size, ring_size, NULL, 0,
> > > > + xs_fastpath_on_channel_callback, device->channel);
> > > > +
> > > > + if (ret) {
> > > > + xs_fastpath_err("failed to connect to VSP ret %d\n", ret);
> > > > + return ret;
> > > > + }
> > > > +
> > > > + hv_set_drvdata(device, &xs_fastpath_dev);
> > > > +
> > > > + return ret;
> > > > +}
> > > > +
> > > > +static void xs_fastpath_remove_vmbus(struct hv_device *device) {
> > > > + struct xs_fastpath_device *dev = hv_get_drvdata(device);
> > > > + unsigned long flags;
> > > > +
> > > > + spin_lock_irqsave(&dev->vsp_pending_lock, flags);
> > > > + if (!list_empty(&dev->vsp_pending_list)) {
> > >
> > > I don't think this can ever happen. If the device has already been
> > > removed by xs_fastpath_remove_device(), then we know that the
> device
> > > isn't open in any processes, so there can't be any ioctl's in
> > > progress that would have entries in the vsp_pending_list.
> >
> > The VSC is designed to support asynchronous I/O (while not implemented
> > in this version), so vsp_pending_list is needed if a user-mode decides
> > to close the file and not waiting for I/O.
> >
> > >
> > > > + spin_unlock_irqrestore(&dev->vsp_pending_lock, flags);
> > > > + xs_fastpath_dbg("wait for vsp_pending_list\n");
> > > > + wait_event(dev->wait_vsp,
> > > > + list_empty(&dev->vsp_pending_list));
> > > > + } else
> > > > + spin_unlock_irqrestore(&dev->vsp_pending_lock, flags);
> > > > +
> > > > + /* At this point, no VSC/VSP traffic is possible over vmbus */
> > > > + hv_set_drvdata(device, NULL);
> > > > + vmbus_close(device->channel);
> > > > +}
> > > > +
> > > > +static int xs_fastpath_probe(struct hv_device *device,
> > > > + const struct hv_vmbus_device_id *dev_id) {
> > > > + int rc;
> > > > +
> > > > + xs_fastpath_dbg("probing device\n");
> > > > +
> > > > + rc = xs_fastpath_connect_to_vsp(device,
> xs_fastpath_ringbuffer_size);
> > > > + if (rc) {
> > > > + xs_fastpath_err("error connecting to VSP rc %d\n", rc);
> > > > + return rc;
> > > > + }
> > > > +
> > > > + // create user-mode client library facing device
> > > > + rc = xs_fastpath_create_device(&xs_fastpath_dev);
> > > > + if (rc) {
> > > > + xs_fastpath_remove_vmbus(device);
> > > > + return rc;
> > > > + }
> > > > +
> > > > + xs_fastpath_dbg("successfully probed device\n");
> > > > + return 0;
> > > > +}
> > > > +
> > > > +static int xs_fastpath_remove(struct hv_device *dev) {
> > > > + struct xs_fastpath_device *device = hv_get_drvdata(dev);
> > > > +
> > > > + device->removing = true;
> > > > + xs_fastpath_remove_device(device);
> > > > + xs_fastpath_remove_vmbus(dev);
> > > > + return 0;
> > > > +}
> > > > +
> > > > +static struct hv_driver xs_fastpath_drv = {
> > > > + .name = KBUILD_MODNAME,
> > > > + .id_table = id_table,
> > > > + .probe = xs_fastpath_probe,
> > > > + .remove = xs_fastpath_remove,
> > > > + .driver = {
> > > > + .probe_type = PROBE_PREFER_ASYNCHRONOUS,
> > > > + },
> > > > +};
> > > > +
> > > > +static int __init xs_fastpath_drv_init(void) {
> > > > + int ret;
> > > > +
> > > > + ret = vmbus_driver_register(&xs_fastpath_drv);
> > > > + return ret;
> > > > +}
> > > > +
> > > > +static void __exit xs_fastpath_drv_exit(void) {
> > > > + vmbus_driver_unregister(&xs_fastpath_drv);
> > > > +}
> > > > +
> > > > +MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
> > >
> > > Let's discuss the license choice offline.
> > >
> > > > +MODULE_DESCRIPTION("Microsoft Azure XStore Storage Fastpath
> > > driver");
> > >
> > > The word "Storage" seems unnecessary. Everywhere else the name is
> > > just "Azure Xstore Fastpath".
> > >
> > > > +module_init(xs_fastpath_drv_init);
> > > > +module_exit(xs_fastpath_drv_exit);
> > > > diff --git a/drivers/hv/hv_xs_fastpath.h
> > > > b/drivers/hv/hv_xs_fastpath.h new file mode 100644 index
> > > > 0000000..6db1904
> > > > --- /dev/null
> > > > +++ b/drivers/hv/hv_xs_fastpath.h
> > > > @@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
> > > > +/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only */
> > > > +/*
> > > > + * Copyright (c) 2021, Microsoft Corporation.
> > > > + *
> > > > + * Authors:
> > > > + * Long Li <longli@...rosoft.com>
> > > > + */
> > > > +#ifndef _XS_FASTPATH_H
> > > > +#define _XS_FASTPATH_H
> > > > +
> > > > +#include <linux/hyperv.h>
> > > > +#include <linux/miscdevice.h>
> > > > +#include <linux/hashtable.h>
> > > > +#include <linux/uio.h>
> > > > +
> > > > +struct xs_fastpath_device {
> > > > + struct hv_device *device;
> > > > + bool removing;
> > > > +
> > > > + struct list_head vsp_pending_list;
> > > > + spinlock_t vsp_pending_lock;
> > > > + wait_queue_head_t wait_vsp;
> > > > +
> > > > + wait_queue_head_t wait_files;
> > > > + atomic_t file_count;
> > > > +};
> > > > +
> > > > +/* user-mode sync request sent through ioctl */ struct
> > > > +xs_fastpath_request_sync_response {
> > > > + __u32 status;
> > > > + __u32 response_len;
> > > > +};
> > > > +
> > > > +struct xs_fastpath_request_sync {
> > > > + guid_t guid;
> > > > + __u32 timeout;
> > > > + __u32 request_len;
> > > > + __u32 response_len;
> > > > + __u32 data_len;
> > > > + __aligned_u64 request_buffer;
> > > > + __aligned_u64 response_buffer;
> > > > + __aligned_u64 data_buffer;
> > > > + struct xs_fastpath_request_sync_response response; };
> > >
> > > Wouldn't the structures used by user space need to go in a uapi header
> file?
> >
> > I will move those to uapi.
> >
> > >
> > > > +
> > > > +/* VSP messages */
> > > > +enum xs_fastpath_vsp_request_type {
> > > > + XS_FASTPATH_DRIVER_REQUEST_FIRST = 0x100,
> > > > + XS_FASTPATH_DRIVER_USER_REQUEST = 0x100,
> > > > + XS_FASTPATH_DRIVER_REGISTER_BUFFER = 0x101,
> > > > + XS_FASTPATH_DRIVER_DEREGISTER_BUFFER = 0x102,
> > > > + XS_FASTPATH_DRIVER_REQUEST_MAX = 0x103
> > >
> > > Most of these don't seem to be used in the code. And it seems a bit
> > > unexpected for the MAX value to not be the same as the last value
> > > (DEREGISTER_BUFFER).
> >
> > Some are not used in this version of the driver; they are placed here
> > for protocol completeness.
> >
> > >
> > > > +};
> > > > +
> > > > +/* VSC->VSP request */
> > > > +struct xs_fastpath_vsp_request {
> > > > + u32 version;
> > > > + u32 timeout_ms;
> > > > + u32 data_buffer_offset;
> > > > + u32 data_buffer_length;
> > > > + u32 data_buffer_valid;
> > > > + u32 operation_type;
> > > > + u32 request_buffer_offset;
> > > > + u32 request_buffer_length;
> > > > + u32 response_buffer_offset;
> > > > + u32 response_buffer_length;
> > > > + guid_t transaction_id;
> > > > +} __packed;
> > > > +
> > > > +/* VSP->VSC response */
> > > > +struct xs_fastpath_vsp_response {
> > > > + u32 length;
> > > > + u32 error;
> > > > + u32 response_len;
> > > > +} __packed;
> > > > +
> > > > +#define IOCTL_XS_FASTPATH_DRIVER_USER_REQUEST \
> > > > + _IOWR('R', 10, struct xs_fastpath_request_sync)
> > >
> > > How was the ioctl code decided? Using 'R' and '10' seems to be in
> > > the range assigned to /dev/random, per the file
> > > Documentation/userspace- api/ioctl/ioctl-number.rst.
> > >
> > > Does this also need to go in a uapi header file?
> >
> > Will fix this.
> >
> > >
> > > > +
> > > > +#define XS_FASTPATH_MAX_PAGES 8192
> > >
> > > How was this value determined? Would be good to leave a comment,
> > > and the comment should speak to how the limit is handled when
> > > PAGE_SIZE varies on different architectures.
> > >
> > > > +
> > > > +#endif /* define _XS_FASTPATH_H */
> > > > diff --git a/include/linux/hyperv.h b/include/linux/hyperv.h index
> > > > d1e59db..a1730c4 100644
> > > > --- a/include/linux/hyperv.h
> > > > +++ b/include/linux/hyperv.h
> > > > @@ -772,6 +772,7 @@ enum vmbus_device_type {
> > > > HV_FCOPY,
> > > > HV_BACKUP,
> > > > HV_DM,
> > > > + HV_XS_FASTPATH,
> > > > HV_UNKNOWN,
> > > > };
> > > >
> > > > @@ -1350,6 +1351,14 @@ int vmbus_allocate_mmio(struct resource
> > > **new,
> > > > struct hv_device *device_obj,
> > > > 0x72, 0xe2, 0xff, 0xb1, 0xdc, 0x7f)
> > > >
> > > > /*
> > > > + * XStore Fastpath GUID
> > > > + * {0590b792-db64-45cc-81db-b8d70c577c9e}
> > > > + */
> > > > +#define HV_XS_FASTPATH_GUID \
> > > > + .guid = GUID_INIT(0x0590b792, 0xdb64, 0x45cc, 0x81, 0xdb, \
> > > > + 0xb8, 0xd7, 0x0c, 0x57, 0x7c, 0x9e)
> > > > +
> > > > +/*
> > > > * Shutdown GUID
> > > > * {0e0b6031-5213-4934-818b-38d90ced39db}
> > > > */
> > > > --
> > > > 1.8.3.1
> >
> > I will address of rest of the comments.
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