Message-Id: <20210805190405.59110-5-andrealmeid@collabora.com>
Date:   Thu,  5 Aug 2021 16:04:05 -0300
From:   André Almeida <andrealmeid@...labora.com>
To:     Thomas Gleixner <tglx@...utronix.de>,
        Ingo Molnar <mingo@...hat.com>,
        Peter Zijlstra <peterz@...radead.org>,
        Darren Hart <dvhart@...radead.org>,
        linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org, Steven Rostedt <rostedt@...dmis.org>,
        Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <bigeasy@...utronix.de>
Cc:     kernel@...labora.com, krisman@...labora.com,
        linux-api@...r.kernel.org, libc-alpha@...rceware.org,
        mtk.manpages@...il.com, Davidlohr Bueso <dave@...olabs.net>,
        André Almeida <andrealmeid@...labora.com>
Subject: [PATCH 4/4] futex2: Documentation: Document futex_waitv() uAPI

Create userspace documentation for futex_waitv() syscall, detailing how
the arguments are used.

Signed-off-by: André Almeida <andrealmeid@...labora.com>
---
 Documentation/userspace-api/futex2.rst | 79 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 Documentation/userspace-api/index.rst  |  1 +
 2 files changed, 80 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 Documentation/userspace-api/futex2.rst

diff --git a/Documentation/userspace-api/futex2.rst b/Documentation/userspace-api/futex2.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..829805c24a51
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/userspace-api/futex2.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+======
+futex2
+======
+
+:Author: André Almeida <andrealmeid@...labora.com>
+
+
+futex, or fast user mutex, is a set of syscalls to allow userspace to create
+performant synchronization mechanisms, such as mutexes, semaphores and
+conditional variables in userspace. C standard libraries, like glibc, uses it
+as a means to implement more high level interfaces like pthreads.
+
+futex2 is a followup version of the initial futex syscall, designed to overcome
+limitations of the original interface.
+
+User API
+========
+
+``futex_waitv()``
+-----------------
+
+Wait on an array of futexes, wake on any::
+
+  futex_waitv(struct futex_waitv *waiters, unsigned int nr_futexes, unsigned int flags, struct timespec *timo)
+
+  struct futex_waitv {
+          uint64_t val;
+          void *uaddr;
+          unsigned int flags;
+  };
+
+Userspace set an array of struct futex_waitv (up to a max of 128 entries),
+using ``uaddr`` for the address to wait for, ``val`` for the expected value
+and ``flags`` to specify the type (shared, private) and size of futex. The
+pointer for the first item of the array is passed as ``waiters``. An invalid
+address for ``waiters`` or for any ``uaddr`` returns ``-EFAULT``.
+
+``nr_futexes`` specifies the size of the array. Numbers out of [1, 128]
+interval will make the syscall return ``-EINVAL``.
+
+``flags`` can be used to set the timeout clock.
+
+For each entry in ``waiters`` array, the current value at ``uaddr`` is compared
+to ``val``. If it's different, the syscall undo all the work done so far and
+return ``-EAGAIN``. If all tests and verifications succeeds, syscall waits until
+one of the following happens:
+
+- The timeout expires, returning ``-ETIMEOUT``.
+- A signal was sent to the sleeping task, returning ``-ERESTARTSYS``.
+- Some futex at the list was awaken, returning the index of some waked futex.
+
+An example of how to use the interface can be found at ``tools/testing/selftests/futex/futenctional/futex2_waitv.c``.
+
+Timeout
+-------
+
+For every operation that has a ``struct timespec timo`` argument, it is an
+optional argument that points to an absolute timeout. By default, it's measured
+against ``CLOCK_MONOTONIC``, but the flag ``FUTEX_CLOCK_REALTIME`` can be used
+to measure it against ``CLOCK_REALTIME``. This syscall accepts only 64bit
+timespec structs.
+
+Types of futex
+--------------
+
+A futex can be either private or shared. Private is used for processes that
+shares the same memory space and the virtual address of the futex will be the
+same for all processes. This allows for optimizations in the kernel and is the
+default type of a futex. For processes that doesn't share the same memory space
+and therefore can have different virtual addresses for the same futex (using,
+for instance, a file-backed shared memory) requires different internal
+mechanisms to be get properly enqueued in the kernel and need to set the flag
+``FUTEX_SHARED_FLAG``.
+
+Futexes can be of different sizes: 8, 16, 32 or 64 bits. Currently, the only
+supported one is 32 bit sized futex, and it need to be specified using
+``FUTEX_32`` flag.
diff --git a/Documentation/userspace-api/index.rst b/Documentation/userspace-api/index.rst
index 0b5eefed027e..dac7189d9752 100644
--- a/Documentation/userspace-api/index.rst
+++ b/Documentation/userspace-api/index.rst
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ place where this information is gathered.
    iommu
    media/index
    sysfs-platform_profile
+   futex2
 
 .. only::  subproject and html
 
-- 
2.32.0

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