Date:   Wed, 18 Aug 2021 22:02:46 +0800
From:   Muchun Song <songmuchun@...edance.com>
To:     Matthew Wilcox <willy@...radead.org>
Cc:     Andrew Morton <akpm@...ux-foundation.org>,
        yanghui <yanghui.def@...edance.com>,
        Linux Memory Management List <linux-mm@...ck.org>,
        LKML <linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org>
Subject: Re: [PATCH v3] mm/mempolicy: fix a race between offset_il_node and mpol_rebind_task

On Tue, Aug 17, 2021 at 9:43 AM Matthew Wilcox <willy@...radead.org> wrote:
>
> On Mon, Aug 16, 2021 at 05:59:52PM -0700, Andrew Morton wrote:
> > On Sun, 15 Aug 2021 14:10:34 +0800 yanghui <yanghui.def@...edance.com> wrote:
> >
> > > Servers happened below panic:
> > > Kernel version:5.4.56
> > > BUG: unable to handle page fault for address: 0000000000002c48
> > > RIP: 0010:__next_zones_zonelist+0x1d/0x40
> > > [264003.977696] RAX: 0000000000002c40 RBX: 0000000000100dca RCX: 0000000000000014
> > > [264003.977872] Call Trace:
> > > [264003.977888]  __alloc_pages_nodemask+0x277/0x310
> > > [264003.977908]  alloc_page_interleave+0x13/0x70
> > > [264003.977926]  handle_mm_fault+0xf99/0x1390
> > > [264003.977951]  __do_page_fault+0x288/0x500
> > > [264003.977979]  ? schedule+0x39/0xa0
> > > [264003.977994]  do_page_fault+0x30/0x110
> > > [264003.978010]  page_fault+0x3e/0x50
> > >
> > > The reason of panic is that MAX_NUMNODES is passd in the third parameter
> > > in function __alloc_pages_nodemask(preferred_nid). So if to access
> > > zonelist->zoneref->zone_idx in __next_zones_zonelist the panic will happen.
> > >
> > > In offset_il_node(), first_node() return nid from pol->v.nodes, after
> > > this other threads may changed pol->v.nodes before next_node().
> > > This race condition will let next_node return MAX_NUMNODES.So put
> > > pol->nodes in a local variable.
> > >
> > > The race condition is between offset_il_node and cpuset_change_task_nodemask:
> > > CPU0:                                     CPU1:
> > > alloc_pages_vma()
> > >   interleave_nid(pol,)
> > >     offset_il_node(pol,)
> > >       first_node(pol->v.nodes)            cpuset_change_task_nodemask
> > >                       //nodes==0xc          mpol_rebind_task
> > >                                               mpol_rebind_policy
> > >                                                 mpol_rebind_nodemask(pol,nodes)
> > >                       //nodes==0x3
> > >       next_node(nid, pol->v.nodes)//return MAX_NUMNODES
> > >
> > >
> > > ...
> > >
> > > --- a/mm/mempolicy.c
> > > +++ b/mm/mempolicy.c
> > > @@ -1965,17 +1965,26 @@ unsigned int mempolicy_slab_node(void)
> > >   */
> > >  static unsigned offset_il_node(struct mempolicy *pol, unsigned long n)
> > >  {
> > > -   unsigned nnodes = nodes_weight(pol->nodes);
> > > -   unsigned target;
> > > +   nodemask_t nodemask = pol->nodes;
> >
> > Ouch.  nodemask_t can be large - up to 128 bytes I think.  This looks
> > like an expensive thing to be adding to fast paths (alloc_pages_vma()).
>
> Copying a fixed-size 128 bytes to the stack isn't going to be _that_
> expensive.
>
> > Plus it consumes a lot of stack.
>
> alloc_pages_vma() tends to be a leaf function, so not that bad.
>
> > > +   unsigned int target, nnodes;
> > >     int i;
> > >     int nid;
> > > +   /*
> > > +    * The barrier will stabilize the nodemask in a register or on
> > > +    * the stack so that it will stop changing under the code.
> > > +    *
> > > +    * Between first_node() and next_node(), pol->nodes could be changed
> > > +    * by other threads. So we put pol->nodes in a local stack.
> > > +    */
> > > +   barrier();
>
> I think this could be an smp_rmb()?

Hi Matthew,

I have a question. Why is barrier() not enough?

Thanks.

>
> > > +   nnodes = nodes_weight(nodemask);
> > >     if (!nnodes)
> > >             return numa_node_id();
> > >     target = (unsigned int)n % nnodes;
> > > -   nid = first_node(pol->nodes);
> > > +   nid = first_node(nodemask);
> > >     for (i = 0; i < target; i++)
> > > -           nid = next_node(nid, pol->nodes);
> > > +           nid = next_node(nid, nodemask);
> > >     return nid;
> > >  }
> >
> > The whole idea seems a bit hacky and fragile to be.  We're dealing with
> > a potentially stale copy of the nodemask, yes?
>
> Correct.  Also potentially a nodemask in the middle of being changed,
> so it may be some unholy amalgam of previous and next.
>
> > Ordinarily this is troublesome because there could be other problems
> > caused by working off stale data and a better fix would be to simply
> > avoid using stale data!
> >
> > But I guess that if the worst case is that once in a billion times,
> > interleaving hands out a page which isn't on the intended node then we
> > can live with that.
> >
> > And if this guess is correct and it is indeed the case that this is the
> > worst case, can we please spell all this out in the changelog.
>
> I think that taking a lock here is worse than copying to the stack.
> But that seems like the kind of thing that could be measured?
>
> I don't think that working off stale / amalgam data is a bad thing,
> we only need consistency.  This is, after all, interleaved allocation.
> The user has asked for us, more or less, to choose a node at random to
> allocate from.
>
> What ruffles my feathers more is that we call next_node() up to n-2 times,
> and on average (n-1)/2 times (where n is the number of permitted nodes).
> I can't help but feel that we could do better to randomly distribute
> pages between nodes.  Even having a special case for all-bits-set or
> n-contiguous-bits-set-and-all-other-bits-clear would go a long way to
> speed this up.
>
> I don't know if anyone has a real complaint about how long this takes
> to choose a node, though.  I'm loathe to optimise this without data.

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