linux-kernel - Re: [PATCH v11 09/15] iio: afe: rescale: reduce risk of integer overflow

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Date:   Sat, 8 Jan 2022 19:55:21 +0200
From:   Andy Shevchenko <andy.shevchenko@...il.com>
To:     Liam Beguin <liambeguin@...il.com>
Cc:     Peter Rosin <peda@...ntia.se>, Jonathan Cameron <jic23@...nel.org>,
        Lars-Peter Clausen <lars@...afoo.de>,
        Linux Kernel Mailing List <linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org>,
        linux-iio <linux-iio@...r.kernel.org>,
        devicetree <devicetree@...r.kernel.org>,
        Rob Herring <robh+dt@...nel.org>
Subject: Re: [PATCH v11 09/15] iio: afe: rescale: reduce risk of integer overflow

On Sat, Jan 8, 2022 at 6:34 PM Liam Beguin <liambeguin@...il.com> wrote:
> On Wed, Dec 22, 2021 at 11:32:24PM +0200, Andy Shevchenko wrote:
> > On Wed, Dec 22, 2021 at 9:59 PM Liam Beguin <liambeguin@...il.com> wrote:
> > > On Wed, Dec 22, 2021 at 08:56:12PM +0200, Andy Shevchenko wrote:
> > > > On Wed, Dec 22, 2021 at 8:38 PM Liam Beguin <liambeguin@...il.com> wrote:
> > > > > On Wed, Dec 22, 2021 at 02:29:04PM +0200, Andy Shevchenko wrote:
> > > > > > On Wed, Dec 22, 2021 at 5:47 AM Liam Beguin <liambeguin@...il.com> wrote:

...

> > > > > > > -               tmp = 1 << *val2;
> > > > > >
> > > > > > At some point this should be BIT()
> > > >
> > > > Forgot to add, If it's 64-bit, then BIT_ULL().
> > > >
> > > > > I'm not against changing this, but (to me at least) 1 << *val2 seems
> > > > > more explicit as we're not working with bitfields. No?
> > > >
> > > > You may add a comment. You may use int_pow(), but it will be suboptimal.
> > > >
> > > > > > Rule of thumb (in accordance with C standard), always use unsigned
> > > > > > value as left operand of the _left_ shift.
> > > > >
> > > > > Right, that makes sense! In practice though, since we'll most likely
> > > > > never use higher bits of *val2 with IIO_VAL_FRACTIONAL_LOG2, would it be
> > > > > enough to simply typecast?
> > > > >
> > > > >         tmp = 1 << (unsigned int)*val2;
> > > >
> > > > No, it's about the _left_ operand.
> > > > I haven't checked if tmp is 64-bit, then even that would be still wrong.
> > >
> > > Okay so your recommendation is to not use a left shift?
> >
> > No, I recommend not to use int type as a _leftside_ operand.
> > BIT() / BIT_ULL() does a left shift anyway.
>
> Oh, got it. Sorry for misreading your message.
> would something like this be good enough?
>
>         s64 tmp;
>         u64 tmp2;

>         tmp2 = 1 << *val2;

This still has a UB according to the C standard. That's why
BIT()/BIT_ULL() is preferable to use since they don't have such
issues. You may open code it, of course (since I remember you wished
to show that this is not a bit, but a number).

>         tmp = tmp2;

> How can I validate this?

By understanding the C standard? I dunno, actually. GCC will generate
correct code, it's just a special warning you may get when supplying a
parameter (Linux kernel doesn't use that one even on W=2 IIRC).

-Wshift-overflow=2

> > > I can look into that but given how unlikely it is to fall into those bad
> > > cases, I'd rather keep things as they are. Would that be okay?
> >
> > > Also, I don't think using BIT() or BIT_ULL() would address this as they
> > > both do the same shift, with no extra checks.
> >
> > They do slightly different versions of it. They use an unsigned int type.
> >
> > Open coded or not, it's up to you. Just convert to unsigned int.

-- 
With Best Regards,
Andy Shevchenko