Date:   Mon, 28 Feb 2022 18:42:46 +0800
From:   Huacai Chen <chenhuacai@...il.com>
To:     Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@...nel.org>
Cc:     Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@...uxfoundation.org>,
        Huacai Chen <chenhuacai@...ngson.cn>,
        "Rafael J. Wysocki" <rafael@...nel.org>,
        Len Brown <lenb@...nel.org>, Arnd Bergmann <arnd@...db.de>,
        Andy Lutomirski <luto@...nel.org>,
        Thomas Gleixner <tglx@...utronix.de>,
        Peter Zijlstra <peterz@...radead.org>,
        Andrew Morton <akpm@...ux-foundation.org>,
        David Airlie <airlied@...ux.ie>,
        Jonathan Corbet <corbet@....net>,
        Linus Torvalds <torvalds@...ux-foundation.org>,
        linux-arch <linux-arch@...r.kernel.org>,
        Linux Doc Mailing List <linux-doc@...r.kernel.org>,
        Linux Kernel Mailing List <linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org>,
        Xuefeng Li <lixuefeng@...ngson.cn>,
        Yanteng Si <siyanteng@...ngson.cn>,
        Jiaxun Yang <jiaxun.yang@...goat.com>,
        linux-efi <linux-efi@...r.kernel.org>
Subject: Re: [PATCH V6 09/22] LoongArch: Add boot and setup routines

Hi, Ard,

On Mon, Feb 28, 2022 at 4:52 PM Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@...nel.org> wrote:
>
> On Mon, 28 Feb 2022 at 09:38, Huacai Chen <chenhuacai@...il.com> wrote:
> >
> > Hi, Ard,
> >
> > On Mon, Feb 28, 2022 at 4:09 PM Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@...nel.org> wrote:
> > >
> > > On Mon, 28 Feb 2022 at 07:34, Huacai Chen <chenhuacai@...il.com> wrote:
> > > >
> > > > Hi, Ard and Greg,
> > > >
> > > > On Mon, Feb 28, 2022 at 12:40 AM Greg Kroah-Hartman
> > > > <gregkh@...uxfoundation.org> wrote:
> > > > >
> > > > > On Sun, Feb 27, 2022 at 03:14:30PM +0100, Ard Biesheuvel wrote:
> > > > > > (add Greg and ACPI maintainers)
> > > > > >
> > > > > > On Sat, 26 Feb 2022 at 12:11, Huacai Chen <chenhuacai@...ngson.cn> wrote:
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > This patch adds basic boot, setup and reset routines for LoongArch.
> > > > > > > LoongArch uses UEFI-based firmware. The firmware uses ACPI and DMI/
> > > > > > > SMBIOS to pass configuration information to the Linux kernel (in elf
> > > > > > > format).
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > Now the boot information passed to kernel is like this:
> > > > > > > 1, kernel get 3 register values (a0, a1 and a2) from bootloader.
> > > > > > > 2, a0 is "argc", a1 is "argv", so "kernel cmdline" comes from a0/a1.
> > > > > > > 3, a2 is "environ", which is a pointer to "struct bootparamsinterface".
> > > > > > > 4, "struct bootparamsinterface" include a "systemtable" pointer, whose
> > > > > > >    type is "efi_system_table_t". Most configuration information, include
> > > > > > >    ACPI tables and SMBIOS tables, come from here.
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > Cc: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@...nel.org>
> > > > > > > Cc: linux-efi@...r.kernel.org
> > > > > > > Signed-off-by: Huacai Chen <chenhuacai@...ngson.cn>
> > > > > > > ---
> > > > > > >  arch/loongarch/include/asm/acenv.h      |  17 +
> > > > > > >  arch/loongarch/include/asm/acpi.h       |  38 ++
> > > > > > >  arch/loongarch/include/asm/boot_param.h |  97 +++++
> > > > > > >  arch/loongarch/include/asm/bootinfo.h   |  33 ++
> > > > > > >  arch/loongarch/include/asm/dmi.h        |  24 ++
> > > > > > >  arch/loongarch/include/asm/efi.h        |  33 ++
> > > > > > >  arch/loongarch/include/asm/fw.h         |  18 +
> > > > > > >  arch/loongarch/include/asm/reboot.h     |  10 +
> > > > > > >  arch/loongarch/include/asm/setup.h      |  21 +
> > > > > > >  arch/loongarch/kernel/acpi.c            | 338 ++++++++++++++++
> > > > > > >  arch/loongarch/kernel/cacheinfo.c       | 122 ++++++
> > > > > > >  arch/loongarch/kernel/cmdline.c         |  31 ++
> > > > > > >  arch/loongarch/kernel/cpu-probe.c       | 305 +++++++++++++++
> > > > > > >  arch/loongarch/kernel/efi.c             | 208 ++++++++++
> > > > > > >  arch/loongarch/kernel/env.c             | 176 +++++++++
> > > > > > >  arch/loongarch/kernel/head.S            |  72 ++++
> > > > > > >  arch/loongarch/kernel/mem.c             |  89 +++++
> > > > > > >  arch/loongarch/kernel/reset.c           |  90 +++++
> > > > > > >  arch/loongarch/kernel/setup.c           | 495 ++++++++++++++++++++++++
> > > > > > >  arch/loongarch/kernel/time.c            | 220 +++++++++++
> > > > > > >  arch/loongarch/kernel/topology.c        |  13 +
> > > > > > >  21 files changed, 2450 insertions(+)
> > > > > >
> > > > > > As I pointed out in response to an earlier revision of this code, I
> > > > > > don't think we should merge this until we decide on some ground rules
> > > > > > regarding the support level of this architecture in the UEFI and ACPI
> > > > > > subsystems.
> > > > > >
> > > > > > The problem is that loongarch does not exist in the ACPI or UEFI
> > > > > > specifications at all, and as I understand it, the firmware
> > > > > > implementations themselves do not implement UEFI or ACPI entirely,
> > > > > > they simply present data structures in memory that look similar enough
> > > > > > for the Linux UEFI and ACPI code to boot the OS.
> > > > >
> > > > > Why isn't this in the ACPI/UEFI specs?  Is it a lack of access to the
> > > > > spec groups by the comapny making these devices, or something else?
> > > > We have tried our best to make LoongArch parts be in ACPI and UEFI SPECs.
> > > >
> > > > ECR for adding LoongArch support in ACPI:
> > > > https://mantis.uefi.org/mantis/view.php?id=2203
> > > >
> > > > ECR for adding LoongArch support in ACPI (version update):
> > > > https://mantis.uefi.org/mantis/view.php?id=2268
> > > >
> > > > ECR for adding LoongArch support in UEFI:
> > > > https://mantis.uefi.org/mantis/view.php?id=2313
> > > >
> > > > ACPI changes of LoongArch have been approved in the last year, but the
> > > > new version of ACPI SPEC hasn't been made public yet. And UEFI changes
> > > > of LoongArch are under review now.
> > > >
> > > > Is it a must that the kernel code be merged after all SPECs are
> > > > public? If not, I think we can provide some snapshots (If it is legal,
> > > > I'm not sure) of mantis.uefi.org to prove the above.
> > > >
> > >
> > > Thanks for the links, those with access will be able to review,
> > > although it would of course be preferable if this was open access.
> > >
> > > In any case, if UEFI and ACPI support is going to be ratified in the
> > > respective specifications, we are in a much better place to support
> > > this in Linux going forward.
> > >
> > > However, that still doesn't mean you should be using the internal API
> > > used between the EFI stub and the core kernel as a boot interface.
> > > Instead, you should implement LoongArch support into the EFI stub, and
> > > build the kernel as a PE/COFF image that can boot from EFI directly,
> > > from UEFI compliant firmware (u-boot or EDK2 are the most common
> > > examples) that exposes all the UEFI stuff that the EFI stub relies on.
> > We have implemented EFISTUB, but not in this first series:
> > https://github.com/loongson/linux/commit/d415a8e57e4d248e239958f2f18b45ea7a5fec2c
> > We want to add efistub support in the next series after new UEFI SPEC released.
> >
> > >
> > > RISC-V is a useful reference for the changes needed - this is the most
> > > recent addition to the EFI stub, and avoids some legacy stuff that new
> > > architectures have no need for.
> > We still want to support the raw elf kernel (RISC-V also does),
> > because LoongArch also has MCU and SoC and we want to support FDT (I
> > think this is reasonable, because RISC-V also supports raw elf).
> >
>
> That is fine. So perhaps the best course of action is to omit the
> UEFI/ACPI parts entirely for now, and focus on the DT/embedded use
> case. Once all the spec pieces are in place, the UEFI + ACPI changes
> can be presented as a single coherent set.
It seems that I made you confusing. :)
There are big CPUs and small CPUs (MCU and SoC), big CPUs use
UEFI+ACPI, while small CPUs use FDT.
At present, the only matured LoongArch CPU is Loongson-3A5000 (big
CPU) which uses UEFI+ACPI.
We want to support raw elf because it can run on both ACPI firmware
and FDT firmware, but at present we only have ACPI firmware.

In my commit message, the "a0 a1 a2" usage is really not the interface
between UEFI and kernel, but the interface between BootLoader (grub,
efistub, etc.) and kernel. Grub support is in the first phase, while
efistub support will be added later, so we describe the "a0 a1 a2"
usage here. However, we are not requesting the UEFI firmware to pass
such information directly. :)

Huacai

>
> --
> Ard.

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