Date:   Sat, 12 Mar 2022 12:27:13 -0800
From:   Eric Biggers <ebiggers@...nel.org>
To:     "Jason A. Donenfeld" <Jason@...c4.com>
Cc:     linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org, linux-crypto@...r.kernel.org,
        linux-arch@...r.kernel.org, Dinh Nguyen <dinguyen@...nel.org>,
        Nick Hu <nickhu@...estech.com>,
        Max Filippov <jcmvbkbc@...il.com>,
        Palmer Dabbelt <palmer@...belt.com>,
        "David S . Miller" <davem@...emloft.net>,
        Yoshinori Sato <ysato@...rs.sourceforge.jp>,
        Michal Simek <monstr@...str.eu>,
        Borislav Petkov <bp@...en8.de>, Guo Ren <guoren@...nel.org>,
        Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@...ux-m68k.org>,
        Joshua Kinard <kumba@...too.org>,
        David Laight <David.Laight@...lab.com>,
        Dominik Brodowski <linux@...inikbrodowski.net>,
        Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@...nel.org>,
        Arnd Bergmann <arnd@...db.de>,
        Thomas Gleixner <tglx@...utronix.de>,
        Andy Lutomirski <luto@...nel.org>,
        Kees Cook <keescook@...omium.org>,
        Lennart Poettering <mzxreary@...inter.de>,
        Konstantin Ryabitsev <konstantin@...uxfoundation.org>,
        Linus Torvalds <torvalds@...ux-foundation.org>,
        Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@...uxfoundation.org>,
        Theodore Ts'o <tytso@....edu>
Subject: Re: [PATCH v1] random: block in /dev/urandom

On Sat, Mar 12, 2022 at 12:17:09PM -0800, Eric Biggers wrote:
> On Thu, Feb 17, 2022 at 05:28:48PM +0100, Jason A. Donenfeld wrote:
> > This topic has come up countless times, and usually doesn't go anywhere.
> > This time I thought I'd bring it up with a slightly narrower focus,
> > updated for some developments over the last three years: we finally can
> > make /dev/urandom always secure, in light of the fact that our RNG is
> > now always seeded.
> > 
> > Ever since Linus' 50ee7529ec45 ("random: try to actively add entropy
> > rather than passively wait for it"), the RNG does a haveged-style jitter
> > dance around the scheduler, in order to produce entropy (and credit it)
> > for the case when we're stuck in wait_for_random_bytes(). How ever you
> > feel about the Linus Jitter Dance is beside the point: it's been there
> > for three years and usually gets the RNG initialized in a second or so.
> > 
> > As a matter of fact, this is what happens currently when people use
> > getrandom(). It's already there and working, and most people have been
> > using it for years without realizing.
> > 
> > So, given that the kernel has grown this mechanism for seeding itself
> > from nothing, and that this procedure happens pretty fast, maybe there's
> > no point any longer in having /dev/urandom give insecure bytes. In the
> > past we didn't want the boot process to deadlock, which was
> > understandable. But now, in the worst case, a second goes by, and the
> > problem is resolved. It seems like maybe we're finally at a point when
> > we can get rid of the infamous "urandom read hole".
> > 
> > The one slight drawback is that the Linus Jitter Dance relies on random_
> > get_entropy() being implemented. The first lines of try_to_generate_
> > entropy() are:
> > 
> > 	stack.now = random_get_entropy();
> > 	if (stack.now == random_get_entropy())
> > 		return;
> > 
> > On most platforms, random_get_entropy() is simply aliased to get_cycles().
> > The number of machines without a cycle counter or some other
> > implementation of random_get_entropy() in 2022, which can also run a
> > mainline kernel, and at the same time have a both broken and out of date
> > userspace that relies on /dev/urandom never blocking at boot is thought
> > to be exceedingly low. And to be clear: those museum pieces without
> > cycle counters will continue to run Linux just fine, and even
> > /dev/urandom will be operable just like before; the RNG just needs to be
> > seeded first through the usual means, which should already be the case
> > now.
> > 
> > On systems that really do want unseeded randomness, we already offer
> > getrandom(GRND_INSECURE), which is in use by, e.g., systemd for seeding
> > their hash tables at boot. Nothing in this commit would affect
> > GRND_INSECURE, and it remains the means of getting those types of random
> > numbers.
> > 
> > This patch goes a long way toward eliminating a long overdue userspace
> > crypto footgun. After several decades of endless user confusion, we will
> > finally be able to say, "use any single one of our random interfaces and
> > you'll be fine. They're all the same. It doesn't matter." And that, I
> > think, is really something. Finally all of those blog posts and
> > disagreeing forums and contradictory articles will all become correct
> > about whatever they happened to recommend, and along with it, a whole
> > class of vulnerabilities eliminated.
> > 
> > With very minimal downside, we're finally in a position where we can
> > make this change.
> > 
> > Cc: Dinh Nguyen <dinguyen@...nel.org>
> > Cc: Nick Hu <nickhu@...estech.com>
> > Cc: Max Filippov <jcmvbkbc@...il.com>
> > Cc: Palmer Dabbelt <palmer@...belt.com>
> > Cc: David S. Miller <davem@...emloft.net>
> > Cc: Yoshinori Sato <ysato@...rs.sourceforge.jp>
> > Cc: Michal Simek <monstr@...str.eu>
> > Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@...en8.de>
> > Cc: Guo Ren <guoren@...nel.org>
> > Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@...ux-m68k.org>
> > Cc: Joshua Kinard <kumba@...too.org>
> > Cc: David Laight <David.Laight@...lab.com>
> > Cc: Dominik Brodowski <linux@...inikbrodowski.net>
> > Cc: Eric Biggers <ebiggers@...gle.com>
> > Cc: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@...nel.org>
> > Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@...db.de>
> > Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@...utronix.de>
> > Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@...nel.org>
> > Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@...omium.org>
> > Cc: Lennart Poettering <mzxreary@...inter.de>
> > Cc: Konstantin Ryabitsev <konstantin@...uxfoundation.org>
> > Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@...ux-foundation.org>
> > Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@...uxfoundation.org>
> > Cc: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@....edu>
> > Signed-off-by: Jason A. Donenfeld <Jason@...c4.com>
> > ---
> > Having learned that MIPS32 isn't affected by this (initially my largest
> > worry), and then heartened today upon reading LWN's summary of our
> > previous discussion ("it would seem there are no huge barriers to
> > removing the final distinction between /dev/random and /dev/urandom"), I
> > figured I'd go ahead and submit a v1 of this. It seems at least worth
> > trying and seeing if somebody arrives with legitimate complaints. To
> > that end I've also widened the CC list quite a bit.
> > 
> > Changes v0->v1:
> > - We no longer touch GRND_INSECURE at all, in anyway. Lennart (and to an
> >   extent, Andy) pointed out that getting insecure numbers immediately at
> >   boot is still something that has legitimate use cases, so this patch
> >   no longer touches that code.
> > 
> >  drivers/char/mem.c     |  2 +-
> >  drivers/char/random.c  | 51 ++++++------------------------------------
> >  include/linux/random.h |  2 +-
> >  3 files changed, 9 insertions(+), 46 deletions(-)
> > 
> 
> Just a small nit: the comments above rng_is_initialized() and
> wait_for_random_bytes() still imply that /dev/urandom is nonblocking.
> 

Also the comment describing 'Fast key erasure RNG, the "crng".' still claims
that get_random_bytes(), get_random_u32(), etc. are "equivalent to a read from
/dev/urandom".  With this patch, they're not, since they don't block whereas
/dev/urandom will block.

- Eric

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