Date:   Wed, 16 Mar 2022 19:06:39 +1300
From:   Barry Song <21cnbao@...il.com>
To:     Yu Zhao <yuzhao@...gle.com>
Cc:     Konstantin Kharlamov <Hi-Angel@...dex.ru>,
        Michael Larabel <Michael@...haellarabel.com>,
        Andi Kleen <ak@...ux.intel.com>,
        Andrew Morton <akpm@...ux-foundation.org>,
        "Aneesh Kumar K . V" <aneesh.kumar@...ux.ibm.com>,
        Jens Axboe <axboe@...nel.dk>,
        Brian Geffon <bgeffon@...gle.com>,
        Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@....com>,
        Jonathan Corbet <corbet@....net>,
        Donald Carr <d@...os-reins.com>,
        Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@...ux.intel.com>,
        Daniel Byrne <djbyrne@....edu>,
        Johannes Weiner <hannes@...xchg.org>,
        Hillf Danton <hdanton@...a.com>,
        Jan Alexander Steffens <heftig@...hlinux.org>,
        Holger Hoffstätte <holger@...lied-asynchrony.com>,
        Jesse Barnes <jsbarnes@...gle.com>,
        Linux ARM <linux-arm-kernel@...ts.infradead.org>,
        "open list:DOCUMENTATION" <linux-doc@...r.kernel.org>,
        linux-kernel <linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org>,
        Linux-MM <linux-mm@...ck.org>, Mel Gorman <mgorman@...e.de>,
        Michal Hocko <mhocko@...nel.org>,
        Oleksandr Natalenko <oleksandr@...alenko.name>,
        Kernel Page Reclaim v2 <page-reclaim@...gle.com>,
        Rik van Riel <riel@...riel.com>,
        Mike Rapoport <rppt@...nel.org>,
        Sofia Trinh <sofia.trinh@....works>,
        Steven Barrett <steven@...uorix.net>,
        Suleiman Souhlal <suleiman@...gle.com>,
        Shuang Zhai <szhai2@...rochester.edu>,
        Linus Torvalds <torvalds@...ux-foundation.org>,
        Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@...e.cz>,
        Will Deacon <will@...nel.org>,
        Matthew Wilcox <willy@...radead.org>,
        "the arch/x86 maintainers" <x86@...nel.org>,
        Huang Ying <ying.huang@...el.com>
Subject: Re: [PATCH v7 04/12] mm: multigenerational LRU: groundwork

On Wed, Mar 16, 2022 at 6:44 PM Yu Zhao <yuzhao@...gle.com> wrote:
>
> On Tue, Mar 15, 2022 at 10:37 PM Barry Song <21cnbao@...il.com> wrote:
> >
> > On Wed, Mar 16, 2022 at 3:47 PM Yu Zhao <yuzhao@...gle.com> wrote:
> > >
> > > On Tue, Mar 15, 2022 at 4:29 AM Barry Song <21cnbao@...il.com> wrote:
> > >
> > > <snipped>
> > >
> > > > > I guess the main cause of the regression for the previous sequence
> > > > > with 16 entries is that the ebizzy has a new allocated copy in
> > > > > search_mem(), which is mapped and used only once in each loop.
> > > > > and the temp copy can push out those hot chunks.
> > > > >
> > > > > Anyway, I understand it is a trade-off between warmly embracing new
> > > > > pages and holding old pages tightly. Real user cases from phone, server,
> > > > > desktop will be judging this better.
> > >
> > > Thanks for all the details. I looked into them today and found no
> > > regressions when running with your original program.
> > >
> > > After I explain why, I hope you'd be convinced that using programs
> > > like this one is not a good way to measure things :)
> > >
> >
> > Yep. I agree ebizzy might not be a good one to measure things.
> > I chose it only because Kim's patchset which moved anon pages
> > to inactive at the first detected access  was using it. Before kim's
> > patchset, anon pages were placed in the active list from the first
> > beginning:
> > https://patchwork.kernel.org/project/linux-mm/cover/1581401993-20041-1-git-send-email-iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com/
> >
> > in ebizzy, there is a used-once allocated memory in each
> > search_mem(). I guess that is why Kim's patchset chose
> > it.
> >
> > > Problems:
> > > 1) Given the 2.5GB configuration and a sequence of cold/hot chunks, I
> > > assume your program tries to simulate a handful of apps running on a
> > > phone.  A short repeating sequence is closer to sequential access than
> > > to real user behaviors, as I suggested last time. You could check out
> > > how something similar is done here [1].
> > > 2) Under the same assumption (phone), C programs are very different
> > > from Android apps in terms of runtime memory behaviors, e.g., JVM GC
> > > [2].
> > > 3) Assuming you are interested in the runtime memory behavior of C/C++
> > > programs, your program is still not very representative. All C/C++
> > > programs I'm familiar with choose to link against TCmalloc, jemalloc
> > > or implement their own allocators. GNU libc, IMO, has a small market
> > > share nowadays.
> > > 4) TCmalloc/jemalloc are not only optimized for multithreading, they
> > > are also THP aware. THP is very important when benchmarking page
> > > reclaim, e.g., two similarly warm THPs can comprise 511+1 or 1+511 of
> > > warm+cold 4K pages. The LRU algorithm that chooses more of the former
> > > is at the disadvantage. Unless it's recommended by the applications
> > > you are trying to benchmark, THP should be disabled. (Android
> > > generally doesn't use THP.)
> > > 5) Swap devices are also important. Zram should NOT be used unless you
> > > know your benchmark doesn't generate incompressible data. The LRU
> > > algorithm that chooses more incompressible pages is at disadvantage.
> > >
> >
> > Thanks for all the information above. very useful.
> >
> > > Here is my result: on the same Snapdragon 7c + 2.5GB RAM + 1.5GB
> > > ramdisk swap, with your original program compiled against libc malloc
> > > and TCMalloc, to 32-bit and 64-bit binaries:
> >
> > I noticed an important difference is that you are using ramdisk, so there
> > is no cost on "i/o". I assume compression/decompression is the i/o cost to
> > zRAM.
>
> The cost is not the point; the fairness is:
>
> 1) Ramdisk is fair to both LRU algorithms.
> 2) Zram punishes the LRU algorithm that chooses incompressible pages.
> IOW, this algorithm needs to compress more pages in order to save the
> same amount of memory.

I see your point. but my point is that with higher I/O cost to swap
in and swap out pages,  more major faults(lower hit ratio) will
contribute to the loss of final performance.

So for the particular case, if we move to a real disk as a swap
device, we might see the same result as zRAM I was using
since you also reported more page faults.

>
> > > # cat /sys/kernel/mm/lru_gen/enabled
> > > 0x0003
> > > # cat /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled
> > > always madvise [never]
> > >
> > > # modprobe brd rd_nr=1 rd_size=1572864
> > > # if=/dev/zero of=/dev/ram0 bs=1M
> > > # mkswap /dev/ram0
> > > # swapoff -a
> > > # swapon /dev/ram0
> > >
> > > # ldd test_absl_32
> > >         linux-vdso.so.1 (0xf6e7f000)
> > >         libabsl_malloc.so.2103.0.1 =>
> > > /usr/lib/libabsl_malloc.so.2103.0.1 (0xf6e23000)
> > >         libpthread.so.0 => /lib/libpthread.so.0 (0xf6dff000)
> > >         libc.so.6 => /lib/libc.so.6 (0xf6d07000)
> > >         /lib/ld-linux-armhf.so.3 (0x09df0000)
> > >         libabsl_base.so.2103.0.1 => /usr/lib/libabsl_base.so.2103.0.1
> > > (0xf6ce5000)
> > >         libabsl_raw_logging.so.2103.0.1 =>
> > > /usr/lib/libabsl_raw_logging.so.2103.0.1 (0xf6cc4000)
> > >         libabsl_spinlock_wait.so.2103.0.1 =>
> > > /usr/lib/libabsl_spinlock_wait.so.2103.0.1 (0xf6ca3000)
> > >         libc++.so.1 => /usr/lib/libc++.so.1 (0xf6c04000)
> > >         libc++abi.so.1 => /usr/lib/libc++abi.so.1 (0xf6bcd000)
> > > # file test_absl_64
> > > test_absl_64: ELF 64-bit LSB executable, ARM aarch64, version 1
> > > (SYSV), statically linked
> > > # ldd test_gnu_32
> > >         linux-vdso.so.1 (0xeabef000)
> > >         libpthread.so.0 => /lib/libpthread.so.0 (0xeab92000)
> > >         libc.so.6 => /lib/libc.so.6 (0xeaa9a000)
> > >         /lib/ld-linux-armhf.so.3 (0x05690000)
> > > # file test_gnu_64
> > > test_gnu_64: ELF 64-bit LSB executable, ARM aarch64, version 1 (SYSV),
> > > statically linked
> > >
> > > ### baseline 5.17-rc8
> > >
> > > # perf record ./test_gnu_64 -t 4 -s $((200*1024*1024)) -S 6000000
> > > 10 records/s
> > > real 59.00 s
> > > user 39.83 s
> > > sys  174.18 s
> > >
> > >     18.51%  [.] memcpy
> > >     15.98%  [k] __pi_clear_page
> > >      5.59%  [k] rmqueue_pcplist
> > >      5.19%  [k] do_raw_spin_lock
> > >      5.09%  [k] memmove
> > >      4.60%  [k] _raw_spin_unlock_irq
> > >      3.62%  [k] _raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore
> > >      3.61%  [k] free_unref_page_list
> > >      3.29%  [k] zap_pte_range
> > >      2.53%  [k] local_daif_restore
> > >      2.50%  [k] down_read_trylock
> > >      1.41%  [k] handle_mm_fault
> > >      1.32%  [k] do_anonymous_page
> > >      1.31%  [k] up_read
> > >      1.03%  [k] free_swap_cache
> > >
> > > ### MGLRU v9
> > >
> > > # perf record ./test_gnu_64 -t 4 -s $((200*1024*1024)) -S 6000000
> > > 11 records/s
> > > real 57.00 s
> > > user 39.39 s
> > >
> > >     19.36%  [.] memcpy
> > >     16.50%  [k] __pi_clear_page
> > >      6.21%  [k] memmove
> > >      5.57%  [k] rmqueue_pcplist
> > >      5.07%  [k] do_raw_spin_lock
> > >      4.96%  [k] _raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore

Enabling ARM64_PSEUDO_NMI and irqchip.gicv3_pseudo_nmi=
might help figure out the real code which is taking CPU time
in a spin_lock_irqsave area.

> > >      4.25%  [k] free_unref_page_list
> > >      3.80%  [k] zap_pte_range
> > >      3.69%  [k] _raw_spin_unlock_irq
> > >      2.71%  [k] local_daif_restore
> > >      2.10%  [k] down_read_trylock
> > >      1.50%  [k] handle_mm_fault
> > >      1.29%  [k] do_anonymous_page
> > >      1.17%  [k] free_swap_cache
> > >      1.08%  [k] up_read
> > >
> >
> > I think your result is right. but if you take a look at the number of
> > major faults, will you find mglru have more page faults?
> > i ask this question because i can see mglru even wins with lower
> > hit ratio in the previous report I sent.
>
> Yes, I did see the elevated major faults:
>
> # baseline total 11503878
> majfault       4745116
> pgsteal_kswapd 3056793
> pgsteal_direct 3701969
>
> # MGLRU total 11928659
> pgmajfault     5762213
> pgsteal_kswapd 2098253
> pgsteal_direct 4068193

This is a really good sign. Thanks to MGLRU's good implementation,
it seems the kernel is spending more time on useful jobs, regardless
of the hit ratio.

Thanks
Barry

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