Date:   Fri, 18 Mar 2022 13:29:18 -0700
From:   Yang Shi <shy828301@...il.com>
To:     David Hildenbrand <david@...hat.com>
Cc:     linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org,
        Andrew Morton <akpm@...ux-foundation.org>,
        Hugh Dickins <hughd@...gle.com>,
        Linus Torvalds <torvalds@...ux-foundation.org>,
        David Rientjes <rientjes@...gle.com>,
        Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@...gle.com>,
        John Hubbard <jhubbard@...dia.com>,
        Jason Gunthorpe <jgg@...dia.com>,
        Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@...cle.com>,
        Mike Rapoport <rppt@...ux.ibm.com>,
        "Kirill A . Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@...ux.intel.com>,
        Matthew Wilcox <willy@...radead.org>,
        Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@...e.cz>, Jann Horn <jannh@...gle.com>,
        Michal Hocko <mhocko@...nel.org>,
        Nadav Amit <namit@...are.com>, Rik van Riel <riel@...riel.com>,
        Roman Gushchin <guro@...com>,
        Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@...hat.com>,
        Peter Xu <peterx@...hat.com>,
        Donald Dutile <ddutile@...hat.com>,
        Christoph Hellwig <hch@....de>,
        Oleg Nesterov <oleg@...hat.com>, Jan Kara <jack@...e.cz>,
        Liang Zhang <zhangliang5@...wei.com>,
        Pedro Gomes <pedrodemargomes@...il.com>,
        Oded Gabbay <oded.gabbay@...il.com>, linux-mm@...ck.org
Subject: Re: [PATCH v2 11/15] mm: remember exclusively mapped anonymous pages
 with PG_anon_exclusive

On Thu, Mar 17, 2022 at 2:06 AM David Hildenbrand <david@...hat.com> wrote:
>
> On 16.03.22 22:23, Yang Shi wrote:
> > On Tue, Mar 15, 2022 at 3:52 AM David Hildenbrand <david@...hat.com> wrote:
> >>
> >> Let's mark exclusively mapped anonymous pages with PG_anon_exclusive as
> >> exclusive, and use that information to make GUP pins reliable and stay
> >> consistent with the page mapped into the page table even if the
> >> page table entry gets write-protected.
> >>
> >> With that information at hand, we can extend our COW logic to always
> >> reuse anonymous pages that are exclusive. For anonymous pages that
> >> might be shared, the existing logic applies.
> >>
> >> As already documented, PG_anon_exclusive is usually only expressive in
> >> combination with a page table entry. Especially PTE vs. PMD-mapped
> >> anonymous pages require more thought, some examples: due to mremap() we
> >> can easily have a single compound page PTE-mapped into multiple page tables
> >> exclusively in a single process -- multiple page table locks apply.
> >> Further, due to MADV_WIPEONFORK we might not necessarily write-protect
> >> all PTEs, and only some subpages might be pinned. Long story short: once
> >> PTE-mapped, we have to track information about exclusivity per sub-page,
> >> but until then, we can just track it for the compound page in the head
> >> page and not having to update a whole bunch of subpages all of the time
> >> for a simple PMD mapping of a THP.
> >>
> >> For simplicity, this commit mostly talks about "anonymous pages", while
> >> it's for THP actually "the part of an anonymous folio referenced via
> >> a page table entry".
> >>
> >> To not spill PG_anon_exclusive code all over the mm code-base, we let
> >> the anon rmap code to handle all PG_anon_exclusive logic it can easily
> >> handle.
> >>
> >> If a writable, present page table entry points at an anonymous (sub)page,
> >> that (sub)page must be PG_anon_exclusive. If GUP wants to take a reliably
> >> pin (FOLL_PIN) on an anonymous page references via a present
> >> page table entry, it must only pin if PG_anon_exclusive is set for the
> >> mapped (sub)page.
> >>
> >> This commit doesn't adjust GUP, so this is only implicitly handled for
> >> FOLL_WRITE, follow-up commits will teach GUP to also respect it for
> >> FOLL_PIN without !FOLL_WRITE, to make all GUP pins of anonymous pages
> >> fully reliable.
> >>
> >> Whenever an anonymous page is to be shared (fork(), KSM), or when
> >> temporarily unmapping an anonymous page (swap, migration), the relevant
> >> PG_anon_exclusive bit has to be cleared to mark the anonymous page
> >> possibly shared. Clearing will fail if there are GUP pins on the page:
> >> * For fork(), this means having to copy the page and not being able to
> >>   share it. fork() protects against concurrent GUP using the PT lock and
> >>   the src_mm->write_protect_seq.
> >> * For KSM, this means sharing will fail. For swap this means, unmapping
> >>   will fail, For migration this means, migration will fail early. All
> >>   three cases protect against concurrent GUP using the PT lock and a
> >>   proper clear/invalidate+flush of the relevant page table entry.
> >>
> >> This fixes memory corruptions reported for FOLL_PIN | FOLL_WRITE, when a
> >> pinned page gets mapped R/O and the successive write fault ends up
> >> replacing the page instead of reusing it. It improves the situation for
> >> O_DIRECT/vmsplice/... that still use FOLL_GET instead of FOLL_PIN,
> >> if fork() is *not* involved, however swapout and fork() are still
> >> problematic. Properly using FOLL_PIN instead of FOLL_GET for these
> >> GUP users will fix the issue for them.
> >>
> >> I. Details about basic handling
> >>
> >> I.1. Fresh anonymous pages
> >>
> >> page_add_new_anon_rmap() and hugepage_add_new_anon_rmap() will mark the
> >> given page exclusive via __page_set_anon_rmap(exclusive=1). As that is
> >> the mechanism fresh anonymous pages come into life (besides migration
> >> code where we copy the page->mapping), all fresh anonymous pages will
> >> start out as exclusive.
> >>
> >> I.2. COW reuse handling of anonymous pages
> >>
> >> When a COW handler stumbles over a (sub)page that's marked exclusive, it
> >> simply reuses it. Otherwise, the handler tries harder under page lock to
> >> detect if the (sub)page is exclusive and can be reused. If exclusive,
> >> page_move_anon_rmap() will mark the given (sub)page exclusive.
> >>
> >> Note that hugetlb code does not yet check for PageAnonExclusive(), as it
> >> still uses the old COW logic that is prone to the COW security issue
> >> because hugetlb code cannot really tolerate unnecessary/wrong COW as
> >> huge pages are a scarce resource.
> >>
> >> I.3. Migration handling
> >>
> >> try_to_migrate() has to try marking an exclusive anonymous page shared
> >> via page_try_share_anon_rmap(). If it fails because there are GUP pins
> >> on the page, unmap fails. migrate_vma_collect_pmd() and
> >> __split_huge_pmd_locked() are handled similarly.
> >>
> >> Writable migration entries implicitly point at shared anonymous pages.
> >> For readable migration entries that information is stored via a new
> >> "readable-exclusive" migration entry, specific to anonymous pages.
> >>
> >> When restoring a migration entry in remove_migration_pte(), information
> >> about exlusivity is detected via the migration entry type, and
> >> RMAP_EXCLUSIVE is set accordingly for
> >> page_add_anon_rmap()/hugepage_add_anon_rmap() to restore that
> >> information.
> >>
> >> I.4. Swapout handling
> >>
> >> try_to_unmap() has to try marking the mapped page possibly shared via
> >> page_try_share_anon_rmap(). If it fails because there are GUP pins on the
> >> page, unmap fails. For now, information about exclusivity is lost. In the
> >> future, we might want to remember that information in the swap entry in
> >> some cases, however, it requires more thought, care, and a way to store
> >> that information in swap entries.
> >>
> >> I.5. Swapin handling
> >>
> >> do_swap_page() will never stumble over exclusive anonymous pages in the
> >> swap cache, as try_to_migrate() prohibits that. do_swap_page() always has
> >> to detect manually if an anonymous page is exclusive and has to set
> >> RMAP_EXCLUSIVE for page_add_anon_rmap() accordingly.
> >>
> >> I.6. THP handling
> >>
> >> __split_huge_pmd_locked() has to move the information about exclusivity
> >> from the PMD to the PTEs.
> >>
> >> a) In case we have a readable-exclusive PMD migration entry, simply insert
> >> readable-exclusive PTE migration entries.
> >>
> >> b) In case we have a present PMD entry and we don't want to freeze
> >> ("convert to migration entries"), simply forward PG_anon_exclusive to
> >> all sub-pages, no need to temporarily clear the bit.
> >>
> >> c) In case we have a present PMD entry and want to freeze, handle it
> >> similar to try_to_migrate(): try marking the page shared first. In case
> >> we fail, we ignore the "freeze" instruction and simply split ordinarily.
> >> try_to_migrate() will properly fail because the THP is still mapped via
> >> PTEs.
>
> Hi,
>
> thanks for the review!
>
> >
> > How come will try_to_migrate() fail? The afterward pvmw will find
> > those PTEs then convert them to migration entries anyway IIUC.
> >
>
> It will run into that code:
>
> >> @@ -1903,6 +1938,15 @@ static bool try_to_migrate_one(struct page *page, struct vm_area_struct *vma,
> >>                                 page_vma_mapped_walk_done(&pvmw);
> >>                                 break;
> >>                         }
> >> +                       VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(pte_write(pteval) && PageAnon(page) &&
> >> +                                      !anon_exclusive, page);
> >> +                       if (anon_exclusive &&
> >> +                           page_try_share_anon_rmap(subpage)) {
> >> +                               set_pte_at(mm, address, pvmw.pte, pteval);
> >> +                               ret = false;
> >> +                               page_vma_mapped_walk_done(&pvmw);
> >> +                               break;
> >> +                       }
>
> and similarly fail the page_try_share_anon_rmap(), at which point
> try_to_migrate() stops and the caller will still observe a
> "page_mapped() == true".

Thanks, I missed that. Yes, the page will still be mapped. This should
trigger the VM_WARN_ON_ONCE in unmap_page(), if this change will make
this happen more often, we may consider removing that warning even
though it is "once" since seeing a mapped page may become a normal
case (once DIO is switched to FOLL_PIN, it may be more often). Anyway
we don't have to remove it right now.

>
> --
> Thanks,
>
> David / dhildenb
>

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