Message-Id: <20220331115753.89431-1-jefflexu@linux.alibaba.com>
Date:   Thu, 31 Mar 2022 19:57:34 +0800
From:   Jeffle Xu <jefflexu@...ux.alibaba.com>
To:     dhowells@...hat.com, linux-cachefs@...hat.com, xiang@...nel.org,
        chao@...nel.org, linux-erofs@...ts.ozlabs.org
Cc:     torvalds@...ux-foundation.org, gregkh@...uxfoundation.org,
        willy@...radead.org, linux-fsdevel@...r.kernel.org,
        joseph.qi@...ux.alibaba.com, bo.liu@...ux.alibaba.com,
        tao.peng@...ux.alibaba.com, gerry@...ux.alibaba.com,
        eguan@...ux.alibaba.com, linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org,
        luodaowen.backend@...edance.com, tianzichen@...ishou.com,
        fannaihao@...du.com
Subject: [PATCH v7 00/19] fscache,erofs: fscache-based on-demand read semantics

changes since v6:
- rebased to latest upstream branch
- cachefiles: move calling of cachefiles_ondemand_clean_object() into
  cachefiles_withdraw_cookie() (it is called in
  cachefiles_clean_up_object() previously), so that the previously
  anon_fd could be withdrawed if the looking up phase failed (
  object->file is still NULL while a previous OPEN request has been
  sent to user daemon) (patch 3)
- cachefiles: rename "cinit" (response of OPEN request) to "copen"
  (patch 2)
- cachefiles: "fscache: export fscache_end_operation()" is still needed.
  Since it has been pull requested for 5.18 (not merged yet), it's not
  included in this patchset.
- erofs: register fscache volume for each erofs filesystem (patch 9)
- erofs: rename erofs_is_nodev_mode() to erofs_is_fscache_mode (patch 8)
- erofs: remove erofs_fscache_read_folio() helper (patch 12)
- erofs: remove erofs_fscache_get_map() helper, and no new field is
  needed in "struct erofs_map_blocks" now (patch 16)
- erofs: fold several helper functions, and other miscellaneous fixes
  regarding to comments from Gao Xiang 


Kernel Patchset
---------------
Git tree:

    https://github.com/lostjeffle/linux.git jingbo/dev-erofs-fscache-v7

Gitweb:

    https://github.com/lostjeffle/linux/commits/jingbo/dev-erofs-fscache-v7


User Daemon for Quick Test
--------------------------
Git tree:

    https://github.com/lostjeffle/demand-read-cachefilesd.git main

Gitweb:

    https://github.com/lostjeffle/demand-read-cachefilesd


RFC: https://lore.kernel.org/all/YbRL2glGzjfZkVbH@B-P7TQMD6M-0146.local/t/
v1: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/47831875-4bdd-8398-9f2d-0466b31a4382@linux.alibaba.com/T/
v2: https://lore.kernel.org/all/2946d871-b9e1-cf29-6d39-bcab30f2854f@linux.alibaba.com/t/
v3: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20220209060108.43051-1-jefflexu@linux.alibaba.com/T/
v4: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20220307123305.79520-1-jefflexu@linux.alibaba.com/T/#t
v5: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/202203170912.gk2sqkaK-lkp@intel.com/T/
v6: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/202203260720.uA5o7k5w-lkp@intel.com/T/


[Background]
============
Nydus [1] is an image distribution service especially optimized for
distribution over network. Nydus is an excellent container image
acceleration solution, since it only pulls data from remote when needed,
a.k.a. on-demand reading and it also supports chunk-based deduplication,
compression, etc.

erofs (Enhanced Read-Only File System) is a filesystem designed for
read-only scenarios. (Documentation/filesystem/erofs.rst)

Over the past months we've been focusing on supporting Nydus image service
with in-kernel erofs format[2]. In that case, each container image will be
organized in one bootstrap (metadata) and (optional) multiple data blobs in
erofs format. Massive container images will be stored on one machine.

To accelerate the container startup (fetching container images from remote
and then start the container), we do hope that the bootstrap & blob files
could support on-demand read. That is, erofs can be mounted and accessed
even when the bootstrap/data blob files have not been fully downloaded.
Then it'll have native performance after data is available locally.

That means we have to manage the cache state of the bootstrap/data blob
files (if cache hit, read directly from the local cache; if cache miss,
fetch the data somehow). It would be painful and may be dumb for erofs to
implement the cache management itself. Thus we prefer fscache/cachefiles
to do the cache management instead.

The fscache on-demand read feature aims to be implemented in a generic way
so that it can benefit other use cases and/or filesystems if it's
implemented in the fscache subsystem.

[1] https://nydus.dev
[2] https://sched.co/pcdL


[Overall Design]
================
Please refer to patch 7 ("cachefiles: document on-demand read mode") for
more details.

When working in the original mode, cachefiles mainly serves as a local cache
for remote networking fs, while in on-demand read mode, cachefiles can work
in the scenario where on-demand read semantics is needed, e.g. container image
distribution.

The essential difference between these two modes is that, in original mode,
when cache miss, netfs itself will fetch data from remote, and then write the
fetched data into cache file. While in on-demand read mode, a user daemon is
responsible for fetching data and then feeds to the kernel fscache side.

The on-demand read mode relies on a simple protocol used for communication
between kernel and user daemon.

The proposed implementation relies on the anonymous fd mechanism to avoid
the dependence on the format of cache file. When a fscache cachefile is opened
for the first time, an anon_fd associated with the cache file is sent to the
user daemon. With the given anon_fd, user daemon could fetch and write data
into the cache file in the background, even when kernel has not triggered the
cache miss. Besides, the write() syscall to the anon_fd will finally call
cachefiles kernel module, which will write data to cache file in the latest
format of cache file.

1. cache miss
When cache miss, cachefiles kernel module will notify user daemon with the
anon_fd, along with the requested file range. When notified, user daemon
needs to fetch data of the requested file range, and then write the fetched
data into cache file with the given anonymous fd. When finished processing
the request, user daemon needs to notify the kernel.

After notifying the user daemon, the kernel read routine will hang there,
until the request is handled by user daemon. When it's awaken by the
notification from user daemon, i.e. the corresponding hole has been filled
by the user daemon, it will retry to read from the same file range.

2. cache hit
Once data is already ready in cache file, netfs will read from cache
file directly.


[Advantage of fscache-based on-demand read]
========================================
1. Asynchronous Prefetch
In current mechanism, fscache is responsible for cache state management,
while the data plane (fetch data from local/remote on cache miss) is
done on the user daemon side.

If data has already been ready in the backing file, netfs (e.g. erofs)
will read from the backing file directly and won't be trapped to user
space anymore. Thus the user daemon could fetch data (from remote)
asynchronously on the background, and thus accelerate the backing file
accessing in some degree.

2. Support massive blob files
Besides this mechanism supports a large amount of backing files, and
thus can benefit the densely employed scenario.

In our using scenario, one container image can correspond to one
bootstrap file (required) and multiple data blob files (optional). For
example, one container image for node.js will corresponds to ~20 files
in total. In densely employed environment, there could be as many as
hundreds of containers and thus thousands of backing files on one
machine.


Jeffle Xu (19):
  cachefiles: extract write routine
  cachefiles: notify user daemon with anon_fd when looking up cookie
  cachefiles: notify user daemon when withdrawing cookie
  cachefiles: implement on-demand read
  cachefiles: enable on-demand read mode
  cachefiles: document on-demand read mode
  erofs: make erofs_map_blocks() generally available
  erofs: add mode checking helper
  erofs: register fscache volume
  erofs: add fscache context helper functions
  erofs: add anonymous inode managing page cache for data blob
  erofs: add erofs_fscache_read_folios() helper
  erofs: register fscache context for primary data blob
  erofs: register fscache context for extra data blobs
  erofs: implement fscache-based metadata read
  erofs: implement fscache-based data read for non-inline layout
  erofs: implement fscache-based data read for inline layout
  erofs: implement fscache-based data readahead
  erofs: add 'fsid' mount option

 .../filesystems/caching/cachefiles.rst        | 166 ++++++
 fs/cachefiles/Kconfig                         |  11 +
 fs/cachefiles/Makefile                        |   1 +
 fs/cachefiles/daemon.c                        |  90 +++-
 fs/cachefiles/interface.c                     |   2 +
 fs/cachefiles/internal.h                      |  67 +++
 fs/cachefiles/io.c                            |  72 ++-
 fs/cachefiles/namei.c                         |  16 +-
 fs/cachefiles/ondemand.c                      | 473 ++++++++++++++++++
 fs/erofs/Kconfig                              |  10 +
 fs/erofs/Makefile                             |   1 +
 fs/erofs/data.c                               |  27 +-
 fs/erofs/fscache.c                            | 369 ++++++++++++++
 fs/erofs/inode.c                              |   5 +
 fs/erofs/internal.h                           |  55 ++
 fs/erofs/super.c                              |  99 +++-
 include/linux/fscache.h                       |   1 +
 include/linux/netfs.h                         |   1 +
 include/trace/events/cachefiles.h             |   2 +
 include/uapi/linux/cachefiles.h               |  57 +++
 20 files changed, 1457 insertions(+), 68 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 fs/cachefiles/ondemand.c
 create mode 100644 fs/erofs/fscache.c
 create mode 100644 include/uapi/linux/cachefiles.h

-- 
2.27.0

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