linux-kernel - Re: [PATCH v6 1/2] x86/delay: Fix the wrong asm constraint in `delay

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Date:   Sun, 03 Apr 2022 18:57:40 +0200
From:   Thomas Gleixner <tglx@...utronix.de>
To:     Ammar Faizi <ammarfaizi2@...weeb.org>,
        Borislav Petkov <bp@...en8.de>
Cc:     Ammar Faizi <ammarfaizi2@...weeb.org>,
        Alviro Iskandar Setiawan <alviro.iskandar@...weeb.org>,
        Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@...ux.intel.com>,
        "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@...or.com>, Ingo Molnar <mingo@...hat.com>,
        Tony Luck <tony.luck@...el.com>,
        Yazen Ghannam <yazen.ghannam@....com>,
        Linux Edac Mailing List <linux-edac@...r.kernel.org>,
        Linux Kernel Mailing List <linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org>,
        Stable Kernel <stable@...r.kernel.org>,
        GNU/Weeb Mailing List <gwml@...r.gnuweeb.org>,
        x86 Mailing List <x86@...nel.org>,
        David Laight <David.Laight@...LAB.COM>,
        Jiri Hladky <hladky.jiri@...glemail.com>
Subject: Re: [PATCH v6 1/2] x86/delay: Fix the wrong asm constraint in
 `delay_loop()`

On Tue, Mar 29 2022 at 17:47, Ammar Faizi wrote:
> The asm constraint does not reflect that the asm statement can modify
> the value of @loops. But the asm statement in delay_loop() does modify
> the @loops.
>
> Specifiying the wrong constraint may lead to undefined behavior, it may
> clobber random stuff (e.g. local variable, important temporary value in
> regs, etc.). This is especially dangerous when the compiler decides to
> inline the function and since it doesn't know that the value gets
> modified, it might decide to use it from a register directly without
> reloading it.
>
> Fix this by changing the constraint from "a" (as an input) to "+a" (as
> an input and output).

This analysis is plain wrong. The assembly code operates on a register
and not on memory:

	asm volatile(
		"	test %0,%0	\n"
		"	jz 3f		\n"
		"	jmp 1f		\n"

		".align 16		\n"
		"1:	jmp 2f		\n"

		".align 16		\n"
		"2:	dec %0		\n"
		"	jnz 2b		\n"
		"3:	dec %0		\n"

		: /* we don't need output */
---->		:"a" (loops)

This tells the compiler to use [RE]AX and initialize it from the
variable 'loops'. It's never written back because all '%0' in the above
assembly are substituted with [RE]AX. This also tells the compiler that
the inline assembly clobbers [RE]AX and that's all it needs to know.

Nothing to fix here, whether the code is inlined or not.

Thanks,

        tglx