Date:   Mon, 25 Apr 2022 12:15:48 -0700 (PDT)
From:   David Rientjes <rientjes@...gle.com>
To:     Yosry Ahmed <yosryahmed@...gle.com>
cc:     Johannes Weiner <hannes@...xchg.org>,
        Michal Hocko <mhocko@...nel.org>,
        Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@...gle.com>,
        Andrew Morton <akpm@...ux-foundation.org>,
        Roman Gushchin <roman.gushchin@...ux.dev>,
        Tejun Heo <tj@...nel.org>, Zefan Li <lizefan.x@...edance.com>,
        Jonathan Corbet <corbet@....net>,
        Shuah Khan <shuah@...nel.org>, Yu Zhao <yuzhao@...gle.com>,
        Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@...ux.intel.com>,
        Wei Xu <weixugc@...gle.com>, Greg Thelen <gthelen@...gle.com>,
        Chen Wandun <chenwandun@...wei.com>,
        Vaibhav Jain <vaibhav@...ux.ibm.com>,
        Michal Koutný <mkoutny@...e.com>,
        Tim Chen <tim.c.chen@...ux.intel.com>, cgroups@...r.kernel.org,
        linux-doc@...r.kernel.org, linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org,
        linux-mm@...ck.org, linux-kselftest@...r.kernel.org,
        Michal Hocko <mhocko@...e.com>
Subject: Re: [PATCH v5 1/4] memcg: introduce per-memcg reclaim interface

On Mon, 25 Apr 2022, Yosry Ahmed wrote:

> From: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@...gle.com>
> 
> Introduce a memcg interface to trigger memory reclaim on a memory cgroup.
> 
> Use case: Proactive Reclaim
> ---------------------------
> 
> A userspace proactive reclaimer can continuously probe the memcg to
> reclaim a small amount of memory. This gives more accurate and
> up-to-date workingset estimation as the LRUs are continuously
> sorted and can potentially provide more deterministic memory
> overcommit behavior. The memory overcommit controller can provide
> more proactive response to the changing behavior of the running
> applications instead of being reactive.
> 
> A userspace reclaimer's purpose in this case is not a complete replacement
> for kswapd or direct reclaim, it is to proactively identify memory savings
> opportunities and reclaim some amount of cold pages set by the policy
> to free up the memory for more demanding jobs or scheduling new jobs.
> 
> A user space proactive reclaimer is used in Google data centers.
> Additionally, Meta's TMO paper recently referenced a very similar
> interface used for user space proactive reclaim:
> https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3503222.3507731
> 
> Benefits of a user space reclaimer:
> -----------------------------------
> 
> 1) More flexible on who should be charged for the cpu of the memory
> reclaim. For proactive reclaim, it makes more sense to be centralized.
> 
> 2) More flexible on dedicating the resources (like cpu). The memory
> overcommit controller can balance the cost between the cpu usage and
> the memory reclaimed.
> 
> 3) Provides a way to the applications to keep their LRUs sorted, so,
> under memory pressure better reclaim candidates are selected. This also
> gives more accurate and uptodate notion of working set for an
> application.
> 
> Why memory.high is not enough?
> ------------------------------
> 
> - memory.high can be used to trigger reclaim in a memcg and can
>   potentially be used for proactive reclaim.
>   However there is a big downside in using memory.high. It can potentially
>   introduce high reclaim stalls in the target application as the
>   allocations from the processes or the threads of the application can hit
>   the temporary memory.high limit.
> 
> - Userspace proactive reclaimers usually use feedback loops to decide
>   how much memory to proactively reclaim from a workload. The metrics
>   used for this are usually either refaults or PSI, and these metrics
>   will become messy if the application gets throttled by hitting the
>   high limit.
> 
> - memory.high is a stateful interface, if the userspace proactive
>   reclaimer crashes for any reason while triggering reclaim it can leave
>   the application in a bad state.
> 
> - If a workload is rapidly expanding, setting memory.high to proactively
>   reclaim memory can result in actually reclaiming more memory than
>   intended.
> 
> The benefits of such interface and shortcomings of existing interface
> were further discussed in this RFC thread:
> https://lore.kernel.org/linux-mm/5df21376-7dd1-bf81-8414-32a73cea45dd@google.com/
> 
> Interface:
> ----------
> 
> Introducing a very simple memcg interface 'echo 10M > memory.reclaim' to
> trigger reclaim in the target memory cgroup.
> 
> The interface is introduced as a nested-keyed file to allow for future
> optional arguments to be easily added to configure the behavior of
> reclaim.
> 
> Possible Extensions:
> --------------------
> 
> - This interface can be extended with an additional parameter or flags
>   to allow specifying one or more types of memory to reclaim from (e.g.
>   file, anon, ..).
> 
> - The interface can also be extended with a node mask to reclaim from
>   specific nodes. This has use cases for reclaim-based demotion in memory
>   tiering systens.
> 
> - A similar per-node interface can also be added to support proactive
>   reclaim and reclaim-based demotion in systems without memcg.
> 
> - Add a timeout parameter to make it easier for user space to call the
>   interface without worrying about being blocked for an undefined amount
>   of time.
> 
> For now, let's keep things simple by adding the basic functionality.
> 
> [yosryahmed@...gle.com: worked on versions v2 onwards, refreshed to
> current master, updated commit message based on recent
> discussions and use cases]
> 
> Signed-off-by: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@...gle.com>
> Co-developed-by: Yosry Ahmed <yosryahmed@...gle.com>
> Signed-off-by: Yosry Ahmed <yosryahmed@...gle.com>
> Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@...xchg.org>
> Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@...e.com>
> Acked-by: Wei Xu <weixugc@...gle.com>
> Acked-by: Roman Gushchin <roman.gushchin@...ux.dev>

Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@...gle.com>

"can over or under reclaim from the target cgroup" begs the question of 
how much more memory the kernel can decide to reclaim :)  I think it's 
assumed that it's minimal and that matches the current implementation that 
rounds up to SWAP_CLUSTER_MAX, though, so looks good.

Thanks Yosry!

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