Date:   Tue,  3 May 2022 12:00:51 +0200
From:   Frederic Weisbecker <frederic@...nel.org>
To:     LKML <linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org>
Cc:     Frederic Weisbecker <frederic@...nel.org>,
        Peter Zijlstra <peterz@...radead.org>,
        Phil Auld <pauld@...hat.com>,
        Alex Belits <abelits@...vell.com>,
        Nicolas Saenz Julienne <nsaenz@...nel.org>,
        Xiongfeng Wang <wangxiongfeng2@...wei.com>,
        Neeraj Upadhyay <quic_neeraju@...cinc.com>,
        Thomas Gleixner <tglx@...utronix.de>,
        Yu Liao <liaoyu15@...wei.com>,
        Boqun Feng <boqun.feng@...il.com>,
        "Paul E . McKenney" <paulmck@...nel.org>,
        Marcelo Tosatti <mtosatti@...hat.com>,
        Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@...driver.com>,
        Uladzislau Rezki <uladzislau.rezki@...y.com>,
        Joel Fernandes <joel@...lfernandes.org>
Subject: [PATCH 21/21] rcu/context_tracking: Merge dynticks counter and context tracking states

Updating the context tracking state and the RCU dynticks counter
atomically in a single operation is a first step towards improving CPU
isolation. This makes the context tracking state updates fully ordered
and therefore allow for later enhancements such as postponing some work
while a task is running isolated in userspace until it ever comes back
to the kernel.

The state field becomes divided in two parts:

1) Two Lower bits for context tracking state:

	CONTEXT_KERNEL = 0
   	CONTEXT_IDLE = 1,
	CONTEXT_USER = 2,
	CONTEXT_GUEST = 3,

2) Higher bits for RCU eqs dynticks counting:

    RCU_DYNTICKS_IDX = 4

   The dynticks counting is always incremented by this value.
   (state & RCU_DYNTICKS_IDX) means we are NOT in an extended quiescent
   state. This makes the chance for a collision more likely between two
   RCU dynticks snapshots but wrapping up 28 bits of eqs dynticks
   increments still takes some bad luck (also rdp.dynticks_snap could be
   converted from int to long?)

Some RCU eqs functions have been renamed to better reflect their broader
scope that now include context tracking state.

Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <frederic@...nel.org>
Cc: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@...nel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@...radead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@...utronix.de>
Cc: Neeraj Upadhyay <quic_neeraju@...cinc.com>
Cc: Uladzislau Rezki <uladzislau.rezki@...y.com>
Cc: Joel Fernandes <joel@...lfernandes.org>
Cc: Boqun Feng <boqun.feng@...il.com>
Cc: Nicolas Saenz Julienne <nsaenz@...nel.org>
Cc: Marcelo Tosatti <mtosatti@...hat.com>
Cc: Xiongfeng Wang <wangxiongfeng2@...wei.com>
Cc: Yu Liao<liaoyu15@...wei.com>
Cc: Phil Auld <pauld@...hat.com>
Cc: Paul Gortmaker<paul.gortmaker@...driver.com>
Cc: Alex Belits <abelits@...vell.com>
---
 include/linux/context_tracking.h       |  8 +--
 include/linux/context_tracking_state.h | 27 +++++---
 kernel/context_tracking.c              | 88 +++++++++++++-------------
 kernel/rcu/tree.c                      | 13 ++--
 kernel/rcu/tree_stall.h                |  4 +-
 5 files changed, 74 insertions(+), 66 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/linux/context_tracking.h b/include/linux/context_tracking.h
index 082bf47bbd18..a0c3bf8f3bb1 100644
--- a/include/linux/context_tracking.h
+++ b/include/linux/context_tracking.h
@@ -118,16 +118,16 @@ extern void ct_idle_exit(void);
  */
 static __always_inline bool rcu_dynticks_curr_cpu_in_eqs(void)
 {
-	return !(arch_atomic_read(this_cpu_ptr(&context_tracking.dynticks)) & 0x1);
+	return !(arch_atomic_read(this_cpu_ptr(&context_tracking.state)) & RCU_DYNTICKS_IDX);
 }
 
 /*
- * Increment the current CPU's context_tracking structure's ->dynticks field
+ * Increment the current CPU's context_tracking structure's ->state field
  * with ordering.  Return the new value.
  */
-static __always_inline unsigned long rcu_dynticks_inc(int incby)
+static __always_inline unsigned long ct_state_inc(int incby)
 {
-	return arch_atomic_add_return(incby, this_cpu_ptr(&context_tracking.dynticks));
+	return arch_atomic_add_return(incby, this_cpu_ptr(&context_tracking.state));
 }
 
 #else
diff --git a/include/linux/context_tracking_state.h b/include/linux/context_tracking_state.h
index edd9f8f5b753..0841435620cf 100644
--- a/include/linux/context_tracking_state.h
+++ b/include/linux/context_tracking_state.h
@@ -10,12 +10,20 @@
 #define DYNTICK_IRQ_NONIDLE	((LONG_MAX / 2) + 1)
 
 enum ctx_state {
-	CONTEXT_DISABLED = -1,	/* returned by ct_state() if unknown */
-	CONTEXT_KERNEL = 0,
-	CONTEXT_USER,
-	CONTEXT_GUEST,
+	CONTEXT_DISABLED	= -1,	/* returned by ct_state() if unknown */
+	CONTEXT_KERNEL		= 0,
+	CONTEXT_IDLE		= 1,
+	CONTEXT_USER		= 2,
+	CONTEXT_GUEST		= 3,
+	CONTEXT_MAX		= 4,
 };
 
+/* Even value for idle, else odd. */
+#define RCU_DYNTICKS_IDX CONTEXT_MAX
+
+#define CT_STATE_MASK (CONTEXT_MAX - 1)
+#define CT_DYNTICKS_MASK (~CT_STATE_MASK)
+
 struct context_tracking {
 #ifdef CONFIG_CONTEXT_TRACKING_USER
 	/*
@@ -26,9 +34,8 @@ struct context_tracking {
 	 */
 	bool active;
 	int recursion;
+#endif
 	atomic_t state;
-#endif
-	atomic_t dynticks;		/* Even value for idle, else odd. */
 	long dynticks_nesting;		/* Track process nesting level. */
 	long dynticks_nmi_nesting;	/* Track irq/NMI nesting level. */
 };
@@ -38,24 +45,24 @@ DECLARE_PER_CPU(struct context_tracking, context_tracking);
 
 static __always_inline int __ct_state(void)
 {
-	return atomic_read(this_cpu_ptr(&context_tracking.state));
+	return atomic_read(this_cpu_ptr(&context_tracking.state)) & CT_STATE_MASK;
 }
 
 static __always_inline int ct_dynticks(void)
 {
-	return atomic_read(this_cpu_ptr(&context_tracking.dynticks));
+	return atomic_read(this_cpu_ptr(&context_tracking.state)) & CT_DYNTICKS_MASK;
 }
 
 static __always_inline int ct_dynticks_cpu(int cpu)
 {
 	struct context_tracking *ct = per_cpu_ptr(&context_tracking, cpu);
-	return atomic_read(&ct->dynticks);
+	return atomic_read(&ct->state) & CT_DYNTICKS_MASK;
 }
 
 static __always_inline int ct_dynticks_cpu_acquire(int cpu)
 {
 	struct context_tracking *ct = per_cpu_ptr(&context_tracking, cpu);
-	return atomic_read_acquire(&ct->state);
+	return atomic_read_acquire(&ct->state) & CT_DYNTICKS_MASK;
 }
 
 static __always_inline long ct_dynticks_nesting(void)
diff --git a/kernel/context_tracking.c b/kernel/context_tracking.c
index acbe96779e8c..98341e1f6d1c 100644
--- a/kernel/context_tracking.c
+++ b/kernel/context_tracking.c
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ static __always_inline void rcu_dynticks_task_trace_exit(void)
  * RCU is watching prior to the call to this function and is no longer
  * watching upon return.
  */
-static noinstr void rcu_dynticks_eqs_enter(void)
+static noinstr void ct_kernel_exit_state(int offset)
 {
 	int seq;
 
@@ -75,9 +75,9 @@ static noinstr void rcu_dynticks_eqs_enter(void)
 	 * next idle sojourn.
 	 */
 	rcu_dynticks_task_trace_enter();  // Before ->dynticks update!
-	seq = rcu_dynticks_inc(1);
+	seq = ct_state_inc(offset);
 	// RCU is no longer watching.  Better be in extended quiescent state!
-	WARN_ON_ONCE(IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_RCU_EQS_DEBUG) && (seq & 0x1));
+	WARN_ON_ONCE(IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_RCU_EQS_DEBUG) && (seq & RCU_DYNTICKS_IDX));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ static noinstr void rcu_dynticks_eqs_enter(void)
  * called from an extended quiescent state, that is, RCU is not watching
  * prior to the call to this function and is watching upon return.
  */
-static noinstr void rcu_dynticks_eqs_exit(void)
+static noinstr void ct_kernel_enter_state(int offset)
 {
 	int seq;
 
@@ -94,10 +94,10 @@ static noinstr void rcu_dynticks_eqs_exit(void)
 	 * and we also must force ordering with the next RCU read-side
 	 * critical section.
 	 */
-	seq = rcu_dynticks_inc(1);
+	seq = ct_state_inc(offset);
 	// RCU is now watching.  Better not be in an extended quiescent state!
 	rcu_dynticks_task_trace_exit();  // After ->dynticks update!
-	WARN_ON_ONCE(IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_RCU_EQS_DEBUG) && !(seq & 0x1));
+	WARN_ON_ONCE(IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_RCU_EQS_DEBUG) && !(seq & RCU_DYNTICKS_IDX));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ static noinstr void rcu_dynticks_eqs_exit(void)
  * the possibility of usermode upcalls having messed up our count
  * of interrupt nesting level during the prior busy period.
  */
-static noinstr void rcu_eqs_enter(bool user)
+static noinstr void ct_kernel_exit(bool user, int offset)
 {
 	struct context_tracking *ct = this_cpu_ptr(&context_tracking);
 
@@ -128,13 +128,13 @@ static noinstr void rcu_eqs_enter(bool user)
 	WARN_ON_ONCE(IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_RCU_EQS_DEBUG) && !user && !is_idle_task(current));
 	rcu_preempt_deferred_qs(current);
 
-	// instrumentation for the noinstr rcu_dynticks_eqs_enter()
-	instrument_atomic_write(&ct->dynticks, sizeof(ct->dynticks));
+	// instrumentation for the noinstr ct_kernel_exit_state()
+	instrument_atomic_write(&ct->state, sizeof(ct->state));
 
 	instrumentation_end();
 	WRITE_ONCE(ct->dynticks_nesting, 0); /* Avoid irq-access tearing. */
 	// RCU is watching here ...
-	rcu_dynticks_eqs_enter();
+	ct_kernel_exit_state(offset);
 	// ... but is no longer watching here.
 	rcu_dynticks_task_enter();
 }
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ static noinstr void rcu_eqs_enter(bool user)
  * ct_nmi_exit - inform RCU of exit from NMI context
  *
  * If we are returning from the outermost NMI handler that interrupted an
- * RCU-idle period, update ct->dynticks and ct->dynticks_nmi_nesting
+ * RCU-idle period, update ct->state and ct->dynticks_nmi_nesting
  * to let the RCU grace-period handling know that the CPU is back to
  * being RCU-idle.
  *
@@ -180,12 +180,12 @@ noinstr void ct_nmi_exit(void)
 	trace_rcu_dyntick(TPS("Startirq"), ct_dynticks_nmi_nesting(), 0, ct_dynticks());
 	WRITE_ONCE(ct->dynticks_nmi_nesting, 0); /* Avoid store tearing. */
 
-	// instrumentation for the noinstr rcu_dynticks_eqs_enter()
-	instrument_atomic_write(&ct->dynticks, sizeof(ct->dynticks));
+	// instrumentation for the noinstr ct_kernel_exit_state()
+	instrument_atomic_write(&ct->state, sizeof(ct->state));
 	instrumentation_end();
 
 	// RCU is watching here ...
-	rcu_dynticks_eqs_enter();
+	ct_kernel_exit_state(RCU_DYNTICKS_IDX);
 	// ... but is no longer watching here.
 
 	if (!in_nmi())
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@ noinstr void ct_nmi_exit(void)
  * allow for the possibility of usermode upcalls messing up our count of
  * interrupt nesting level during the busy period that is just now starting.
  */
-static void noinstr rcu_eqs_exit(bool user)
+static void noinstr ct_kernel_enter(bool user, int offset)
 {
 	struct context_tracking *ct = this_cpu_ptr(&context_tracking);
 	long oldval;
@@ -215,12 +215,12 @@ static void noinstr rcu_eqs_exit(bool user)
 	}
 	rcu_dynticks_task_exit();
 	// RCU is not watching here ...
-	rcu_dynticks_eqs_exit();
+	ct_kernel_enter_state(offset);
 	// ... but is watching here.
 	instrumentation_begin();
 
-	// instrumentation for the noinstr rcu_dynticks_eqs_exit()
-	instrument_atomic_write(&ct->dynticks, sizeof(ct->dynticks));
+	// instrumentation for the noinstr ct_kernel_enter_state()
+	instrument_atomic_write(&ct->state, sizeof(ct->state));
 
 	trace_rcu_dyntick(TPS("End"), ct_dynticks_nesting(), 1, ct_dynticks());
 	WARN_ON_ONCE(IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_RCU_EQS_DEBUG) && !user && !is_idle_task(current));
@@ -233,7 +233,7 @@ static void noinstr rcu_eqs_exit(bool user)
 /**
  * ct_nmi_enter - inform RCU of entry to NMI context
  *
- * If the CPU was idle from RCU's viewpoint, update ct->dynticks and
+ * If the CPU was idle from RCU's viewpoint, update ct->state and
  * ct->dynticks_nmi_nesting to let the RCU grace-period handling know
  * that the CPU is active.  This implementation permits nested NMIs, as
  * long as the nesting level does not overflow an int.  (You will probably
@@ -264,14 +264,14 @@ noinstr void ct_nmi_enter(void)
 			rcu_dynticks_task_exit();
 
 		// RCU is not watching here ...
-		rcu_dynticks_eqs_exit();
+		ct_kernel_enter_state(RCU_DYNTICKS_IDX);
 		// ... but is watching here.
 
 		instrumentation_begin();
 		// instrumentation for the noinstr rcu_dynticks_curr_cpu_in_eqs()
-		instrument_atomic_read(&ct->dynticks, sizeof(ct->dynticks));
-		// instrumentation for the noinstr rcu_dynticks_eqs_exit()
-		instrument_atomic_write(&ct->dynticks, sizeof(ct->dynticks));
+		instrument_atomic_read(&ct->state, sizeof(ct->state));
+		// instrumentation for the noinstr ct_kernel_enter_state()
+		instrument_atomic_write(&ct->state, sizeof(ct->state));
 
 		incby = 1;
 	} else if (!in_nmi()) {
@@ -364,22 +364,23 @@ void noinstr __ct_user_enter(enum ctx_state state)
 			 * CPU doesn't need to maintain the tick for RCU maintenance purposes
 			 * when the CPU runs in userspace.
 			 */
-			rcu_eqs_enter(true);
+			ct_kernel_exit(true, RCU_DYNTICKS_IDX + state);
+		} else {
+			/*
+			 * Even if context tracking is disabled on this CPU, because it's outside
+			 * the full dynticks mask for example, we still have to keep track of the
+			 * context transitions and states to prevent inconsistency on those of
+			 * other CPUs.
+			 * If a task triggers an exception in userspace, sleep on the exception
+			 * handler and then migrate to another CPU, that new CPU must know where
+			 * the exception returns by the time we call exception_exit().
+			 * This information can only be provided by the previous CPU when it called
+			 * exception_enter().
+			 * OTOH we can spare the calls to vtime and RCU when context_tracking.active
+			 * is false because we know that CPU is not tickless.
+			 */
+			atomic_add(state, &ct->state);
 		}
-		/*
-		 * Even if context tracking is disabled on this CPU, because it's outside
-		 * the full dynticks mask for example, we still have to keep track of the
-		 * context transitions and states to prevent inconsistency on those of
-		 * other CPUs.
-		 * If a task triggers an exception in userspace, sleep on the exception
-		 * handler and then migrate to another CPU, that new CPU must know where
-		 * the exception returns by the time we call exception_exit().
-		 * This information can only be provided by the previous CPU when it called
-		 * exception_enter().
-		 * OTOH we can spare the calls to vtime and RCU when context_tracking.active
-		 * is false because we know that CPU is not tickless.
-		 */
-		atomic_set(&ct->state, state);
 	}
 	context_tracking_recursion_exit();
 }
@@ -451,15 +452,16 @@ void noinstr __ct_user_exit(enum ctx_state state)
 			 * Exit RCU idle mode while entering the kernel because it can
 			 * run a RCU read side critical section anytime.
 			 */
-			rcu_eqs_exit(true);
+			ct_kernel_enter(true, RCU_DYNTICKS_IDX - state);
 			if (state == CONTEXT_USER) {
 				instrumentation_begin();
 				vtime_user_exit(current);
 				trace_user_exit(0);
 				instrumentation_end();
 			}
+		} else {
+			atomic_sub(state, &ct->state);
 		}
-		atomic_set(&ct->state, CONTEXT_KERNEL);
 	}
 	context_tracking_recursion_exit();
 }
@@ -537,7 +539,7 @@ void __init context_tracking_init(void)
 DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct context_tracking, context_tracking) = {
 		.dynticks_nmi_nesting = DYNTICK_IRQ_NONIDLE,
 		.dynticks_nesting = 1,
-		.dynticks = ATOMIC_INIT(1),
+		.state = ATOMIC_INIT(RCU_DYNTICKS_IDX),
 };
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(context_tracking);
 
@@ -555,7 +557,7 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(context_tracking);
 noinstr void ct_idle_enter(void)
 {
 	lockdep_assert_irqs_disabled();
-	rcu_eqs_enter(false);
+	ct_kernel_exit(false, RCU_DYNTICKS_IDX + CONTEXT_IDLE);
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(ct_idle_enter);
 
@@ -577,7 +579,7 @@ void ct_idle_exit(void)
 	unsigned long flags;
 
 	local_irq_save(flags);
-	rcu_eqs_exit(false);
+	ct_kernel_enter(false, RCU_DYNTICKS_IDX - CONTEXT_IDLE);
 	local_irq_restore(flags);
 
 }
diff --git a/kernel/rcu/tree.c b/kernel/rcu/tree.c
index 16d601512da7..e04205c1c62d 100644
--- a/kernel/rcu/tree.c
+++ b/kernel/rcu/tree.c
@@ -272,9 +272,9 @@ void rcu_softirq_qs(void)
  */
 static void rcu_dynticks_eqs_online(void)
 {
-	if (ct_dynticks() & 0x1)
+	if (ct_dynticks() & RCU_DYNTICKS_IDX)
 		return;
-	rcu_dynticks_inc(1);
+	ct_state_inc(RCU_DYNTICKS_IDX);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -293,7 +293,7 @@ static int rcu_dynticks_snap(int cpu)
  */
 static bool rcu_dynticks_in_eqs(int snap)
 {
-	return !(snap & 0x1);
+	return !(snap & RCU_DYNTICKS_IDX);
 }
 
 /* Return true if the specified CPU is currently idle from an RCU viewpoint.  */
@@ -321,8 +321,7 @@ bool rcu_dynticks_zero_in_eqs(int cpu, int *vp)
 	int snap;
 
 	// If not quiescent, force back to earlier extended quiescent state.
-	snap = ct_dynticks_cpu(cpu) & ~0x1;
-
+	snap = ct_dynticks_cpu(cpu) & ~RCU_DYNTICKS_IDX;
 	smp_rmb(); // Order ->dynticks and *vp reads.
 	if (READ_ONCE(*vp))
 		return false;  // Non-zero, so report failure;
@@ -348,9 +347,9 @@ notrace void rcu_momentary_dyntick_idle(void)
 	int seq;
 
 	raw_cpu_write(rcu_data.rcu_need_heavy_qs, false);
-	seq = rcu_dynticks_inc(2);
+	seq = ct_state_inc(2 * RCU_DYNTICKS_IDX);
 	/* It is illegal to call this from idle state. */
-	WARN_ON_ONCE(!(seq & 0x1));
+	WARN_ON_ONCE(!(seq & RCU_DYNTICKS_IDX));
 	rcu_preempt_deferred_qs(current);
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(rcu_momentary_dyntick_idle);
diff --git a/kernel/rcu/tree_stall.h b/kernel/rcu/tree_stall.h
index 933445d826f1..f33044fd8dfc 100644
--- a/kernel/rcu/tree_stall.h
+++ b/kernel/rcu/tree_stall.h
@@ -467,7 +467,7 @@ static void print_cpu_stall_info(int cpu)
 	rcuc_starved = rcu_is_rcuc_kthread_starving(rdp, &j);
 	if (rcuc_starved)
 		sprintf(buf, " rcuc=%ld jiffies(starved)", j);
-	pr_err("\t%d-%c%c%c%c: (%lu %s) idle=%03x/%ld/%#lx softirq=%u/%u fqs=%ld%s%s\n",
+	pr_err("\t%d-%c%c%c%c: (%lu %s) idle=%04x/%ld/%#lx softirq=%u/%u fqs=%ld%s%s\n",
 	       cpu,
 	       "O."[!!cpu_online(cpu)],
 	       "o."[!!(rdp->grpmask & rdp->mynode->qsmaskinit)],
@@ -476,7 +476,7 @@ static void print_cpu_stall_info(int cpu)
 			rdp->rcu_iw_pending ? (int)min(delta, 9UL) + '0' :
 				"!."[!delta],
 	       ticks_value, ticks_title,
-	       rcu_dynticks_snap(cpu) & 0xfff,
+	       rcu_dynticks_snap(cpu) & 0xffff,
 	       ct_dynticks_nesting_cpu(cpu), ct_dynticks_nmi_nesting_cpu(cpu),
 	       rdp->softirq_snap, kstat_softirqs_cpu(RCU_SOFTIRQ, cpu),
 	       data_race(rcu_state.n_force_qs) - rcu_state.n_force_qs_gpstart,
-- 
2.25.1

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