linux-kernel - Re: [PATCH v2] hex2bin: make the function hex_to

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Date:   Sun, 8 May 2022 09:37:26 +0900
From:   Stafford Horne <shorne@...il.com>
To:     Linus Torvalds <torvalds@...ux-foundation.org>
Cc:     "Jason A. Donenfeld" <Jason@...c4.com>,
        Andy Shevchenko <andriy.shevchenko@...el.com>,
        Mikulas Patocka <mpatocka@...hat.com>,
        Andy Shevchenko <andy@...nel.org>,
        device-mapper development <dm-devel@...hat.com>,
        Linux Kernel Mailing List <linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org>,
        Linux Crypto Mailing List <linux-crypto@...r.kernel.org>,
        Herbert Xu <herbert@...dor.apana.org.au>,
        "David S. Miller" <davem@...emloft.net>,
        Mike Snitzer <msnitzer@...hat.com>,
        Mimi Zohar <zohar@...ux.ibm.com>,
        Milan Broz <gmazyland@...il.com>
Subject: Re: [PATCH v2] hex2bin: make the function hex_to_bin constant-time

On Thu, May 05, 2022 at 05:38:58AM +0900, Stafford Horne wrote:
> On Wed, May 04, 2022 at 01:10:03PM -0700, Linus Torvalds wrote:
> > On Wed, May 4, 2022 at 12:58 PM Stafford Horne <shorne@...il.com> wrote:
> > >
> > > I have uploaded a diff I created here:
> > >   https://gist.github.com/54334556f2907104cd12374872a0597c
> > >
> > > It shows the same output.
> > 
> > In hex_to_bin itself it seems to only be a difference due to some
> > register allocation (r19 and r3 switched around).
> > 
> > But then it gets inlined into hex2bin and there changes there seem to
> > be about instruction and basic block scheduling, so it's a lot harder
> > to see what's going on.
> > 
> > And a lot of constant changes, which honestly look just like code code
> > moved around by 16 bytes and offsets changed due to that.
> > 
> > So I doubt it's hex_to_bin() that is causing problems, I think it's
> > purely code movement. Which explains why adding a nop or a fake printk
> > fixes things.
> > 
> > Some alignment assumption that got broken?
> 
> This is what it looks like to me too.  I will have to do a deep dive on what is
> going on with this particular build combination as I can't figure out what it is
> off the top of my head.
> 
> This test is using a gcc 11 compiler, I tried with my gcc 12 toolchain and the
> issue cannot be reproduced.
> 
>   - musl gcc 11 - https://musl.cc/or1k-linux-musl-cross.tgz
>   - openrisc gcc 12 - https://github.com/openrisc/or1k-gcc/releases/tag/or1k-12.0.1-20220210-20220304
> 
> But again the difference between the two compiler outputs is a lot of register
> allocation and offsets changes.  Its not easy to see anything that stands out.
> I checked the change log for the openrisc specific changes from gcc 11 to gcc
> 12.  Nothing seems to stand out, mcount profiler fix for PIC, a new large binary
> link flag.

Hello,

Just an update on this.  The issue so far has been traced to the alignment of
the crypto multiplication function fe_mul_impl in lib/crypto/curve25519-fiat32.c.

This patch e5be15767e7e ("hex2bin: make the function hex_to_bin constant-time")
allowed for the alignment to be just right to cause the failure.  Without
this patch and forcing the alignment we can reproduce the issue.  So though the
bisect is correct, this patch is not the root cause of the issue.

Using some l.nop sliding techniques and some strategically placed .align
statements I have been able to reproduce the issue on:

  - gcc 11 and gcc 12
  - preempt and non-preempt kernels

I have not been able to reproduce this on my FPGA, so far only QEMU.  My
hunch now is that since the fe_mul_impl function contains some rather long basic
blocks it appears that timer interrupts that interrupt qemu mid basic block
execution somehow is causing this.  The hypothesis is it may be basic block
resuming behavior in qemu that causes incosistent behavior.

It will take a bit more time to trace this.  Since I maintain OpenRISC QEMU the
issue is on me.

Again, It's safe to say that patch e5be15767e7e ("hex2bin: make the function
hex_to_bin constant-time") is not an issue.

-Stafford