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Message-ID: <CAAhV-H70qwXEWfejPjaPtbrMUA7wCMWkJueMMYPAeQxF46gJvw@mail.gmail.com>
Date:   Sat, 14 May 2022 22:49:19 +0800
From:   Huacai Chen <chenhuacai@...il.com>
To:     WANG Xuerui <kernel@...0n.name>
Cc:     Huacai Chen <chenhuacai@...ngson.cn>,
        Arnd Bergmann <arnd@...db.de>,
        Andy Lutomirski <luto@...nel.org>,
        Thomas Gleixner <tglx@...utronix.de>,
        Peter Zijlstra <peterz@...radead.org>,
        Andrew Morton <akpm@...ux-foundation.org>,
        David Airlie <airlied@...ux.ie>,
        Jonathan Corbet <corbet@....net>,
        Linus Torvalds <torvalds@...ux-foundation.org>,
        linux-arch <linux-arch@...r.kernel.org>,
        "open list:DOCUMENTATION" <linux-doc@...r.kernel.org>,
        LKML <linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org>,
        Xuefeng Li <lixuefeng@...ngson.cn>,
        Yanteng Si <siyanteng@...ngson.cn>,
        Guo Ren <guoren@...nel.org>,
        Jiaxun Yang <jiaxun.yang@...goat.com>,
        Stephen Rothwell <sfr@...b.auug.org.au>,
        Alex Shi <alexs@...nel.org>
Subject: Re: [PATCH V10 02/22] Documentation/zh_CN: Add basic LoongArch documentations

Hi, Xuerui.

On Sat, May 14, 2022 at 9:26 PM WANG Xuerui <kernel@...0n.name> wrote:
>
> Hi,
>
> On 5/14/22 16:03, Huacai Chen wrote:
> > Add some basic documentation (zh_CN version) for LoongArch. LoongArch is
> > a new RISC ISA, which is a bit like MIPS or RISC-V. LoongArch includes a
> > reduced 32-bit version (LA32R), a standard 32-bit version (LA32S) and a
> > 64-bit version (LA64).
> >
> > Reviewed-by: Alex Shi <alexs@...nel.org>
> > Reviewed-by: Yanteng Si <siyanteng@...ngson.cn>
> > Signed-off-by: Huacai Chen <chenhuacai@...ngson.cn>
> > ---
> >   Documentation/translations/zh_CN/index.rst    |   1 +
> >   .../translations/zh_CN/loongarch/features.rst |   8 +
> >   .../translations/zh_CN/loongarch/index.rst    |  26 ++
> >   .../zh_CN/loongarch/introduction.rst          | 326 ++++++++++++++++++
> >   .../zh_CN/loongarch/irq-chip-model.rst        | 167 +++++++++
> >   5 files changed, 528 insertions(+)
> >   create mode 100644 Documentation/translations/zh_CN/loongarch/features.rst
> >   create mode 100644 Documentation/translations/zh_CN/loongarch/index.rst
> >   create mode 100644 Documentation/translations/zh_CN/loongarch/introduction.rst
> >   create mode 100644 Documentation/translations/zh_CN/loongarch/irq-chip-model.rst
> >
> > diff --git a/Documentation/translations/zh_CN/index.rst b/Documentation/translations/zh_CN/index.rst
> > index 88d8df957a78..41c59950523c 100644
> > --- a/Documentation/translations/zh_CN/index.rst
> > +++ b/Documentation/translations/zh_CN/index.rst
> > @@ -171,6 +171,7 @@ TODOList:
> >      riscv/index
> >      openrisc/index
> >      parisc/index
> > +   loongarch/index
> >
> >   TODOList:
> >
> > diff --git a/Documentation/translations/zh_CN/loongarch/features.rst b/Documentation/translations/zh_CN/loongarch/features.rst
> > new file mode 100644
> > index 000000000000..3886e635ec06
> > --- /dev/null
> > +++ b/Documentation/translations/zh_CN/loongarch/features.rst
> > @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
> > +.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
> > +
> > +.. include:: ../disclaimer-zh_CN.rst
> > +
> > +:Original: Documentation/loongarch/features.rst
> > +:Translator: Huacai Chen <chenhuacai@...ngson.cn>
>
> Actually, here's an interesting situation:
>
> Every LoongArch (or Loongson) developer is native speaker of Chinese,
> not English, so most likely the "original" version of the various
> LoongArch documentation is actually the *Chinese* one, i.e. those added
> in this commit. As one can see, the English version has many unnatural
> expression recognizable even by a Chinese speaker (such as myself). I've
> seen worse translations (not necessarily in this patch series), broken
> to the point that even Chinese speakers with an adequate understanding
> of English (again, such as myself) *cannot* mentally map back into
> Chinese. (Usually such broken English are in fact perfect Chinese
> expression if mapped back word-for-word).
>
> So, how do we handle situation like this for the kernel documentation?
> Do we keep the English version as the "original" or "authoritative"
> version, even though they may be inaccurate compared to the
> "translation", or do we just switch a bit and move this "original" and
> "translator" information to the English version instead?
I think the Chinese version is the original one, and the English
version is translation.

>
> > +
> > +.. kernel-feat:: $srctree/Documentation/features loongarch
> > diff --git a/Documentation/translations/zh_CN/loongarch/index.rst b/Documentation/translations/zh_CN/loongarch/index.rst
> > new file mode 100644
> > index 000000000000..367dead02e3a
> > --- /dev/null
> > +++ b/Documentation/translations/zh_CN/loongarch/index.rst
> > @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
> > +.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
> > +
> > +.. include:: ../disclaimer-zh_CN.rst
> > +
> > +:Original: Documentation/loongarch/index.rst
> > +:Translator: Huacai Chen <chenhuacai@...ngson.cn>
> > +
> > +=================
> > +LoongArch特性文档
> The point raised in v9 hasn't been addressed yet -- "特性文档" is incorrect
> translation for "...-specific documentation".
For me, "特性文档" is correct enough, so keep it.

Huacai
> > +=================
> > +
> > +.. toctree::
> > +   :maxdepth: 2
> > +   :numbered:
> > +
> > +   introduction
> > +   irq-chip-model
> > +
> > +   features
> > +
> > +.. only::  subproject and html
> > +
> > +   Indices
> > +   =======
> > +
> > +   * :ref:`genindex`
> > diff --git a/Documentation/translations/zh_CN/loongarch/introduction.rst b/Documentation/translations/zh_CN/loongarch/introduction.rst
> > new file mode 100644
> > index 000000000000..d033e97d02b8
> > --- /dev/null
> > +++ b/Documentation/translations/zh_CN/loongarch/introduction.rst
> > @@ -0,0 +1,326 @@
> > +.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
> > +
> > +.. include:: ../disclaimer-zh_CN.rst
> > +
> > +:Original: Documentation/loongarch/introduction.rst
> > +:Translator: Huacai Chen <chenhuacai@...ngson.cn>
> > +
> > +=============
> > +LoongArch介绍
> > +=============
> > +
> > +LoongArch是一种新的RISC ISA,在一定程度上类似于MIPS和RISC-V。LoongArch指令集
> > +包括一个精简32位版(LA32R)、一个标准32位版(LA32S)、一个64位版(LA64)。
> > +LoongArch有四个特权级(PLV0~PLV3),其中PLV0是最高特权级,用于内核;而PLV3是
> > +最低特权级,用于应用程序。本文档介绍了LoongArch的寄存器、基础指令集、虚拟内
> > +存以及其他一些主题。
> > +
> > +寄存器
> > +======
> > +
> > +LoongArch的寄存器包括通用寄存器(GPRs)、浮点寄存器(FPRs)、向量寄存器(VRs)
> > +和用于特权模式(PLV0)的控制状态寄存器(CSRs)。
> > +
> > +通用寄存器
> > +----------
> > +
> > +LoongArch包括32个通用寄存器($r0 - $r31),LA32中每个寄存器为32位宽,LA64中
> > +每个寄存器为64位宽。$r0的内容总是0,而其他寄存器没有特殊功能。然而,我们有
> > +如下所示的一套ABI寄存器使用约定。
> > +
> > +================= =============== =================== ==========
> > +寄存器名          别名            用途                跨调用保持
> > +================= =============== =================== ==========
> > +``$r0``           ``$zero``       常量0               不使用
> > +``$r1``           ``$ra``         返回地址            否
> > +``$r2``           ``$tp``         TLS(线程局部存储) 不使用
> > +``$r3``           ``$sp``         栈指针              是
> > +``$r4``-``$r11``  ``$a0``-``$a7`` 参数寄存器          否
> > +``$r4``-``$r5``   ``$v0``-``$v1`` 返回值              否
> > +``$r12``-``$r20`` ``$t0``-``$t8`` 临时寄存器          否
> > +``$r21``          ``$u0``         保留                不使用
> > +``$r22``          ``$fp``         帧指针              是
> > +``$r23``-``$r31`` ``$s0``-``$s8`` 静态寄存器          是
> > +================= =============== =================== ==========
> > +
> > +注意:v0/v1命名法已经废弃,请使用a0/a1。r21寄存器在Linux内核中命名
> > +为u0,用于保存每CPU变量基地址。
> Same comment regarding "u0" applies here too, as do the other comments
> on the previous patch related to places below. I'll not repeat myself
> for these.
> > +
> > +浮点寄存器
> > +----------
> > +
> > +LoongArch有32个浮点寄存器($f0 - $f31),每个寄存器均为64位宽。我们同样
> > +有如下所示的一套ABI寄存器使用约定。
> > +
> > +================= ================== =================== ==========
> > +寄存器名          别名               用途                跨调用保持
> > +================= ================== =================== ==========
> > +``$f0``-``$f7``   ``$fa0``-``$fa7``  参数寄存器          否
> > +``$f0``-``$f1``   ``$fv0``-``$fv1``  返回值              否
> > +``$f8``-``$f23``  ``$ft0``-``$ft15`` 临时寄存器          否
> > +``$f24``-``$f31`` ``$fs0``-``$fs7``  静态寄存器          是
> > +================= ================== =================== ==========
> > +
> > +注意:fv0/fv1命名法已经废弃,请使用fa0/fa1。
> > +
> > +向量寄存器
> > +----------
> > +
> > +LoongArch拥有128位向量扩展(LSX,全称Loongson SIMD eXtention)和256位向量扩展
> > +(LASX,全称Loongson Advanced SIMD eXtension)。共有32个向量寄存器,对于LSX是
> > +$v0 - $v31,对于LASX是$x0 - $x31。浮点寄存器和向量寄存器是复用的,比如:$x0的
> > +低128位是$v0,而$v0的低64位又是$f0,以此类推。
> > +
> > +控制状态寄存器
> > +--------------
> > +
> > +控制状态寄存器只用于特权模式(PLV0):
> > +
> > +================= ==================================== ==========
> > +地址              全称描述                             简称
> > +================= ==================================== ==========
> > +0x0               当前模式信息                         CRMD
> > +0x1               异常前模式信息                       PRMD
> > +0x2               扩展部件使能                         EUEN
> > +0x3               杂项控制                             MISC
> > +0x4               异常配置                             ECFG
> > +0x5               异常状态                             ESTAT
> > +0x6               异常返回地址                         ERA
> > +0x7               出错虚拟地址                         BADV
> > +0x8               出错指令                             BADI
> > +0xC               异常入口地址                         EENTRY
> > +0x10              TLB索引                              TLBIDX
> > +0x11              TLB表项高位                          TLBEHI
> > +0x12              TLB表项低位0                         TLBELO0
> > +0x13              TLB表项低位1                         TLBELO1
> > +0x18              地址空间标识符                       ASID
> > +0x19              低半地址空间页全局目录基址           PGDL
> > +0x1A              高半地址空间页全局目录基址           PGDH
> > +0x1B              页全局目录基址                       PGD
> > +0x1C              页表遍历控制低半部分                 PWCL
> > +0x1D              页表遍历控制高半部分                 PWCH
> > +0x1E              STLB页大小                           STLBPS
> > +0x1F              缩减虚地址配置                       RVACFG
> > +0x20              CPU编号                              CPUID
> > +0x21              特权资源配置信息1                    PRCFG1
> > +0x22              特权资源配置信息2                    PRCFG2
> > +0x23              特权资源配置信息3                    PRCFG3
> > +0x30+n (0≤n≤15)   数据保存寄存器                       SAVEn
> > +0x40              定时器编号                           TID
> > +0x41              定时器配置                           TCFG
> > +0x42              定时器值                             TVAL
> > +0x43              计时器补偿                           CNTC
> > +0x44              定时器中断清除                       TICLR
> > +0x60              LLBit相关控制                        LLBCTL
> > +0x80              实现相关控制1                        IMPCTL1
> > +0x81              实现相关控制2                        IMPCTL2
> > +0x88              TLB重填异常入口地址                  TLBRENTRY
> > +0x89              TLB重填异常出错虚地址                TLBRBADV
> > +0x8A              TLB重填异常返回地址                  TLBRERA
> > +0x8B              TLB重填异常数据保存                  TLBRSAVE
> > +0x8C              TLB重填异常表项低位0                 TLBRELO0
> > +0x8D              TLB重填异常表项低位1                 TLBRELO1
> > +0x8E              TLB重填异常表项高位                  TLBEHI
> > +0x8F              TLB重填异常前模式信息                TLBRPRMD
> > +0x90              机器错误控制                         MERRCTL
> > +0x91              机器错误信息1                        MERRINFO1
> > +0x92              机器错误信息2                        MERRINFO2
> > +0x93              机器错误异常入口地址                 MERRENTRY
> > +0x94              机器错误异常返回地址                 MERRERA
> > +0x95              机器错误异常数据保存                 MERRSAVE
> > +0x98              高速缓存标签                         CTAG
> > +0x180+n (0≤n≤3)   直接映射配置窗口n                    DMWn
> > +0x200+2n (0≤n≤31) 性能监测配置n                        PMCFGn
> > +0x201+2n (0≤n≤31) 性能监测计数器n                      PMCNTn
> > +0x300             内存读写监视点整体控制               MWPC
> > +0x301             内存读写监视点整体状态               MWPS
> > +0x310+8n (0≤n≤7)  内存读写监视点n配置1                 MWPnCFG1
> > +0x311+8n (0≤n≤7)  内存读写监视点n配置2                 MWPnCFG2
> > +0x312+8n (0≤n≤7)  内存读写监视点n配置3                 MWPnCFG3
> > +0x313+8n (0≤n≤7)  内存读写监视点n配置4                 MWPnCFG4
> > +0x380             取指监视点整体控制                   FWPC
> > +0x381             取指监视点整体状态                   FWPS
> > +0x390+8n (0≤n≤7)  取指监视点n配置1                     FWPnCFG1
> > +0x391+8n (0≤n≤7)  取指监视点n配置2                     FWPnCFG2
> > +0x392+8n (0≤n≤7)  取指监视点n配置3                     FWPnCFG3
> > +0x393+8n (0≤n≤7)  取指监视点n配置4                     FWPnCFG4
> > +0x500             调试寄存器                           DBG
> > +0x501             调试异常返回地址                     DERA
> > +0x502             调试数据保存                         DSAVE
> > +================= ==================================== ==========
> > +
> > +ERA,TLBRERA,MERREEA和ERA有时也称为EPC,TLBREPC,MERREPC和DEPC。
> > +
> > +基础指令集
> > +==========
> > +
> > +指令格式
> > +--------
> > +
> > +LoongArch的指令字长为32位,一共有9种指令格式::
> > +
> > +  2R-type:    Opcode + Rj + Rd
> > +  3R-type:    Opcode + Rk + Rj + Rd
> > +  4R-type:    Opcode + Ra + Rk + Rj + Rd
> > +  2RI8-type:  Opcode + I8 + Rj + Rd
> > +  2RI12-type: Opcode + I12 + Rj + Rd
> > +  2RI14-type: Opcode + I14 + Rj + Rd
> > +  2RI16-type: Opcode + I16 + Rj + Rd
> > +  1RI21-type: Opcode + I21L + Rj + I21H
> > +  I26-type:   Opcode + I26L + I26H
> > +
> > +Opcode是指令操作码,Rj和Rk是源操作数(寄存器),Rd是目标操作数(寄存器),Ra是
> > +4R-type格式特有的附加操作数(寄存器)。I8/I12/I16/I21/I26分别是8位/12位/16位/
> > +21位/26位的立即数。其中21位和26位立即数在指令字中被分割为高位部分与低位部分,
> > +所以你们在这里的格式描述中能够看到I21L/I21H和I26L/I26H这样的表述。
> > +
> > +指令名称(助记符)
> > +------------------
> > +
> > +我们在此只简单罗列一下指令名称,详细信息请阅读 :ref:`参考文献 <loongarch-references>`
> > +中的文档。
> > +
> > +1. 算术运算指令::
> > +
> > +    ADD.W SUB.W ADDI.W ADD.D SUB.D ADDI.D
> > +    SLT SLTU SLTI SLTUI
> > +    AND OR NOR XOR ANDN ORN ANDI ORI XORI
> > +    MUL.W MULH.W MULH.WU DIV.W DIV.WU MOD.W MOD.WU
> > +    MUL.D MULH.D MULH.DU DIV.D DIV.DU MOD.D MOD.DU
> > +    PCADDI PCADDU12I PCADDU18I
> > +    LU12I.W LU32I.D LU52I.D ADDU16I.D
> > +
> > +2. 移位运算指令::
> > +
> > +    SLL.W SRL.W SRA.W ROTR.W SLLI.W SRLI.W SRAI.W ROTRI.W
> > +    SLL.D SRL.D SRA.D ROTR.D SLLI.D SRLI.D SRAI.D ROTRI.D
> > +
> > +3. 位域操作指令::
> > +
> > +    EXT.W.B EXT.W.H CLO.W CLO.D SLZ.W CLZ.D CTO.W CTO.D CTZ.W CTZ.D
> > +    BYTEPICK.W BYTEPICK.D BSTRINS.W BSTRINS.D BSTRPICK.W BSTRPICK.D
> > +    REVB.2H REVB.4H REVB.2W REVB.D REVH.2W REVH.D BITREV.4B BITREV.8B BITREV.W BITREV.D
> > +    MASKEQZ MASKNEZ
> > +
> > +4. 分支转移指令::
> > +
> > +    BEQ BNE BLT BGE BLTU BGEU BEQZ BNEZ B BL JIRL
> > +
> > +5. 访存读写指令::
> > +
> > +    LD.B LD.BU LD.H LD.HU LD.W LD.WU LD.D ST.B ST.H ST.W ST.D
> > +    LDX.B LDX.BU LDX.H LDX.HU LDX.W LDX.WU LDX.D STX.B STX.H STX.W STX.D
> > +    LDPTR.W LDPTR.D STPTR.W STPTR.D
> > +    PRELD PRELDX
> > +
> > +6. 原子操作指令::
> > +
> > +    LL.W SC.W LL.D SC.D
> > +    AMSWAP.W AMSWAP.D AMADD.W AMADD.D AMAND.W AMAND.D AMOR.W AMOR.D AMXOR.W AMXOR.D
> > +    AMMAX.W AMMAX.D AMMIN.W AMMIN.D
> > +
> > +7. 栅障指令::
> > +
> > +    IBAR DBAR
> > +
> > +8. 特殊指令::
> > +
> > +    SYSCALL BREAK CPUCFG NOP IDLE ERTN DBCL RDTIMEL.W RDTIMEH.W RDTIME.D ASRTLE.D ASRTGT.D
> > +
> > +9. 特权指令::
> > +
> > +    CSRRD CSRWR CSRXCHG
> > +    IOCSRRD.B IOCSRRD.H IOCSRRD.W IOCSRRD.D IOCSRWR.B IOCSRWR.H IOCSRWR.W IOCSRWR.D
> > +    CACOP TLBP(TLBSRCH) TLBRD TLBWR TLBFILL TLBCLR TLBFLUSH INVTLB LDDIR LDPTE
> > +
> > +虚拟内存
> > +========
> > +
> > +LoongArch可以使用直接映射虚拟内存和分页映射虚拟内存。
> > +
> > +直接映射虚拟内存通过CSR.DMWn(n=0~3)来进行配置,虚拟地址(VA)和物理地址(PA)
> > +之间有简单的映射关系::
> > +
> > + VA = PA + 固定偏移
> > +
> > +分页映射的虚拟地址(VA)和物理地址(PA)有任意的映射关系,这种关系记录在TLB和页
> > +表中。LoongArch的TLB包括一个全相联的MTLB(Multiple Page Size TLB,页大小可变)
> > +和一个组相联的STLB(Single Page Size TLB,页大小固定)。
> > +
> > +缺省状态下,LA32的整个虚拟地址空间配置如下:
> > +
> > +============ =========================== ===========================
> > +区段名       地址范围                    属性
> > +============ =========================== ===========================
> > +``UVRANGE``  ``0x00000000 - 0x7FFFFFFF`` 分页映射, 可缓存, PLV0~3
> > +``KPRANGE0`` ``0x80000000 - 0x9FFFFFFF`` 直接映射, 非缓存, PLV0
> > +``KPRANGE1`` ``0xA0000000 - 0xBFFFFFFF`` 直接映射, 可缓存, PLV0
> > +``KVRANGE``  ``0xC0000000 - 0xFFFFFFFF`` 分页映射, 可缓存, PLV0
> > +============ =========================== ===========================
> > +
> > +用户态(PLV3)只能访问UVRANGE,对于直接映射的KPRANGE0和KPRANGE1,将虚拟地址的第
> > +30~31位清零就等于物理地址。例如:物理地址0x00001000对应的非缓存直接映射虚拟地址
> > +是0x80001000,而其可缓存直接映射虚拟地址是0xA0001000。
> > +
> > +缺省状态下,LA64的整个虚拟地址空间配置如下:
> > +
> > +============ ====================== ==================================
> > +区段名       地址范围               属性
> > +============ ====================== ==================================
> > +``XUVRANGE`` ``0x0000000000000000 - 分页映射, 可缓存, PLV0~3
> > +             0x3FFFFFFFFFFFFFFF``
> > +``XSPRANGE`` ``0x4000000000000000 - 直接映射, 可缓存 / 非缓存, PLV0
> > +             0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFF``
> > +``XKPRANGE`` ``0x8000000000000000 - 直接映射, 可缓存 / 非缓存, PLV0
> > +             0xBFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF``
> > +``XKVRANGE`` ``0xC000000000000000 - 分页映射, 可缓存, PLV0
> > +             0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF``
> > +============ ====================== ==================================
> > +
> > +用户态(PLV3)只能访问XUVRANGE,对于直接映射的XSPRANGE和XKPRANGE,将虚拟地址的第
> > +60~63位清零就等于物理地址,而其缓存属性是通过虚拟地址的第60~61位配置的(0表示强序
> > +非缓存,1表示一致可缓存,2表示弱序非缓存)。目前,我们仅用XKPRANGE来进行直接映射,
> > +XSPRANGE保留给以后用。此处给出一个直接映射的例子:物理地址0x00000000 00001000的强
> > +序非缓存直接映射虚拟地址是0x80000000 00001000,其一致可缓存直接映射虚拟地址是
> > +0x90000000 00001000,而其弱序非缓存直接映射虚拟地址是0xA0000000 00001000。
> > +
> > +Loongson与LoongArch的关系
> > +=========================
> > +
> > +LoongArch是一种RISC指令集架构(ISA),不同于现存的任何一种ISA,而Loongson(即龙
> > +芯)是一个处理器家族。龙芯包括三个系列:Loongson-1(龙芯1号)是32位处理器系列,
> > +Loongson-2(龙芯2号)是低端64位处理器系列,而Loongson-3(龙芯3号)是高端64位处理
> > +器系列。旧的龙芯处理器基于MIPS架构,而新的龙芯处理器基于LoongArch架构。以龙芯3号
> > +为例:龙芯3A1000/3B1500/3A2000/3A3000/3A4000都是兼容MIPS的,而龙芯3A5000(以及将
> > +来的型号)都是基于LoongArch的。
> > +
> > +.. _loongarch-references:
> > +
> > +参考文献
> > +========
> > +
> > +Loongson与LoongArch的官方网站(龙芯中科技术股份有限公司):
> > +
> > +  http://www.loongson.cn/index.html
> > +
> > +Loongson与LoongArch的开发者网站(软件与文档资源):
> > +
> > +  http://www.loongnix.cn/index.php
> > +
> > +  https://github.com/loongson
> > +
> > +LoongArch指令集架构的文档:
> > +
> > +  https://github.com/loongson/LoongArch-Documentation/releases/latest/download/LoongArch-Vol1-v1.00-CN.pdf (中文版)
> > +
> > +  https://github.com/loongson/LoongArch-Documentation/releases/latest/download/LoongArch-Vol1-v1.00-EN.pdf (英文版)
> > +
> > +LoongArch的ELF ABI文档:
> > +
> > +  https://github.com/loongson/LoongArch-Documentation/releases/latest/download/LoongArch-ELF-ABI-v1.00-CN.pdf (中文版)
> > +
> > +  https://github.com/loongson/LoongArch-Documentation/releases/latest/download/LoongArch-ELF-ABI-v1.00-EN.pdf (英文版)
> > +
> > +Loongson与LoongArch的Linux内核源码仓库:
> > +
> > +  https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/chenhuacai/linux-loongson.git
> > diff --git a/Documentation/translations/zh_CN/loongarch/irq-chip-model.rst b/Documentation/translations/zh_CN/loongarch/irq-chip-model.rst
> > new file mode 100644
> > index 000000000000..9f6c32f3bad0
> > --- /dev/null
> > +++ b/Documentation/translations/zh_CN/loongarch/irq-chip-model.rst
> > @@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
> > +.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
> > +
> > +.. include:: ../disclaimer-zh_CN.rst
> > +
> > +:Original: Documentation/loongarch/irq-chip-model.rst
> > +:Translator: Huacai Chen <chenhuacai@...ngson.cn>
> > +
> > +==================================
> > +LoongArch的IRQ芯片模型(层级关系)
> > +==================================
> > +
> > +目前,基于LoongArch的处理器(如龙芯3A5000)只能与LS7A芯片组配合工作。LoongArch计算机
> > +中的中断控制器(即IRQ芯片)包括CPUINTC(CPU Core Interrupt Controller)、LIOINTC(
> > +Legacy I/O Interrupt Controller)、EIOINTC(Extended I/O Interrupt Controller)、
> > +HTVECINTC(Hyper-Transport Vector Interrupt Controller)、PCH-PIC(LS7A芯片组的主中
> > +断控制器)、PCH-LPC(LS7A芯片组的LPC中断控制器)和PCH-MSI(MSI中断控制器)。
> > +
> > +CPUINTC是一种CPU内部的每个核本地的中断控制器,LIOINTC/EIOINTC/HTVECINTC是CPU内部的
> > +全局中断控制器(每个芯片一个,所有核共享),而PCH-PIC/PCH-LPC/PCH-MSI是CPU外部的中
> > +断控制器(在配套芯片组里面)。这些中断控制器(或者说IRQ芯片)以一种层次树的组织形式
> > +级联在一起,一共有两种层级关系模型(传统IRQ模型和扩展IRQ模型)。
> > +
> > +传统IRQ模型
> > +===========
> > +
> > +在这种模型里面,IPI(Inter-Processor Interrupt)和CPU本地时钟中断直接发送到CPUINTC,
> > +CPU串口(UARTs)中断发送到LIOINTC,而其他所有设备的中断则分别发送到所连接的PCH-PIC/
> > +PCH-LPC/PCH-MSI,然后被HTVECINTC统一收集,再发送到LIOINTC,最后到达CPUINTC。
> > +
> > + +---------------------------------------------+
> > + |::                                           |
> > + |                                             |
> > + |    +-----+     +---------+     +-------+    |
> > + |    | IPI | --> | CPUINTC | <-- | Timer |    |
> > + |    +-----+     +---------+     +-------+    |
> > + |                     ^                       |
> > + |                     |                       |
> > + |                +---------+     +-------+    |
> > + |                | LIOINTC | <-- | UARTs |    |
> > + |                +---------+     +-------+    |
> > + |                     ^                       |
> > + |                     |                       |
> > + |               +-----------+                 |
> > + |               | HTVECINTC |                 |
> > + |               +-----------+                 |
> > + |                ^         ^                  |
> > + |                |         |                  |
> > + |          +---------+ +---------+            |
> > + |          | PCH-PIC | | PCH-MSI |            |
> > + |          +---------+ +---------+            |
> > + |            ^     ^           ^              |
> > + |            |     |           |              |
> > + |    +---------+ +---------+ +---------+      |
> > + |    | PCH-LPC | | Devices | | Devices |      |
> > + |    +---------+ +---------+ +---------+      |
> > + |         ^                                   |
> > + |         |                                   |
> > + |    +---------+                              |
> > + |    | Devices |                              |
> > + |    +---------+                              |
> > + |                                             |
> > + |                                             |
> > + +---------------------------------------------+
> > +
> > +扩展IRQ模型
> > +===========
> > +
> > +在这种模型里面,IPI(Inter-Processor Interrupt)和CPU本地时钟中断直接发送到CPUINTC,
> > +CPU串口(UARTs)中断发送到LIOINTC,而其他所有设备的中断则分别发送到所连接的PCH-PIC/
> > +PCH-LPC/PCH-MSI,然后被EIOINTC统一收集,再直接到达CPUINTC。
> > +
> > + +--------------------------------------------------------+
> > + |::                                                      |
> > + |                                                        |
> > + |         +-----+     +---------+     +-------+          |
> > + |         | IPI | --> | CPUINTC | <-- | Timer |          |
> > + |         +-----+     +---------+     +-------+          |
> > + |                      ^       ^                         |
> > + |                      |       |                         |
> > + |               +---------+ +---------+     +-------+    |
> > + |               | EIOINTC | | LIOINTC | <-- | UARTs |    |
> > + |               +---------+ +---------+     +-------+    |
> > + |                ^       ^                               |
> > + |                |       |                               |
> > + |         +---------+ +---------+                        |
> > + |         | PCH-PIC | | PCH-MSI |                        |
> > + |         +---------+ +---------+                        |
> > + |           ^     ^           ^                          |
> > + |           |     |           |                          |
> > + |   +---------+ +---------+ +---------+                  |
> > + |   | PCH-LPC | | Devices | | Devices |                  |
> > + |   +---------+ +---------+ +---------+                  |
> > + |        ^                                               |
> > + |        |                                               |
> > + |   +---------+                                          |
> > + |   | Devices |                                          |
> > + |   +---------+                                          |
> > + |                                                        |
> > + |                                                        |
> > + +--------------------------------------------------------+
> > +
> > +ACPI相关的定义
> > +==============
> > +
> > +CPUINTC::
> > +
> > +  ACPI_MADT_TYPE_CORE_PIC;
> > +  struct acpi_madt_core_pic;
> > +  enum acpi_madt_core_pic_version;
> > +
> > +LIOINTC::
> > +
> > +  ACPI_MADT_TYPE_LIO_PIC;
> > +  struct acpi_madt_lio_pic;
> > +  enum acpi_madt_lio_pic_version;
> > +
> > +EIOINTC::
> > +
> > +  ACPI_MADT_TYPE_EIO_PIC;
> > +  struct acpi_madt_eio_pic;
> > +  enum acpi_madt_eio_pic_version;
> > +
> > +HTVECINTC::
> > +
> > +  ACPI_MADT_TYPE_HT_PIC;
> > +  struct acpi_madt_ht_pic;
> > +  enum acpi_madt_ht_pic_version;
> > +
> > +PCH-PIC::
> > +
> > +  ACPI_MADT_TYPE_BIO_PIC;
> > +  struct acpi_madt_bio_pic;
> > +  enum acpi_madt_bio_pic_version;
> > +
> > +PCH-MSI::
> > +
> > +  ACPI_MADT_TYPE_MSI_PIC;
> > +  struct acpi_madt_msi_pic;
> > +  enum acpi_madt_msi_pic_version;
> > +
> > +PCH-LPC::
> > +
> > +  ACPI_MADT_TYPE_LPC_PIC;
> > +  struct acpi_madt_lpc_pic;
> > +  enum acpi_madt_lpc_pic_version;
> > +
> > +参考文献
> > +========
> > +
> > +龙芯3A5000的文档:
> > +
> > +  https://github.com/loongson/LoongArch-Documentation/releases/latest/download/Loongson-3A5000-usermanual-1.02-CN.pdf (中文版)
> > +
> > +  https://github.com/loongson/LoongArch-Documentation/releases/latest/download/Loongson-3A5000-usermanual-1.02-EN.pdf (英文版)
> > +
> > +龙芯LS7A芯片组的文档:
> > +
> > +  https://github.com/loongson/LoongArch-Documentation/releases/latest/download/Loongson-7A1000-usermanual-2.00-CN.pdf (中文版)
> > +
> > +  https://github.com/loongson/LoongArch-Documentation/releases/latest/download/Loongson-7A1000-usermanual-2.00-EN.pdf (英文版)
> > +
> > +注:CPUINTC即《龙芯架构参考手册卷一》第7.4节所描述的CSR.ECFG/CSR.ESTAT寄存器及其中断
> > +控制逻辑;LIOINTC即《龙芯3A5000处理器使用手册》第11.1节所描述的“传统I/O中断”;EIOINTC
> > +即《龙芯3A5000处理器使用手册》第11.2节所描述的“扩展I/O中断”;HTVECINTC即《龙芯3A5000
> > +处理器使用手册》第14.3节所描述的“HyperTransport中断”;PCH-PIC/PCH-MSI即《龙芯7A1000桥
> > +片用户手册》第5章所描述的“中断控制器”;PCH-LPC即《龙芯7A1000桥片用户手册》第24.3节所
> > +描述的“LPC中断”。

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