Message-ID: <20220518215951.bhurzqzytb4kxqtm@apollo.legion>
Date:   Thu, 19 May 2022 03:29:51 +0530
From:   Kumar Kartikeya Dwivedi <memxor@...il.com>
To:     Benjamin Tissoires <benjamin.tissoires@...hat.com>
Cc:     Greg KH <gregkh@...uxfoundation.org>,
        Jiri Kosina <jikos@...nel.org>,
        Alexei Starovoitov <ast@...nel.org>,
        Daniel Borkmann <daniel@...earbox.net>,
        Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@...nel.org>,
        Martin KaFai Lau <kafai@...com>,
        Song Liu <songliubraving@...com>, Yonghong Song <yhs@...com>,
        John Fastabend <john.fastabend@...il.com>,
        KP Singh <kpsingh@...nel.org>, Shuah Khan <shuah@...nel.org>,
        Dave Marchevsky <davemarchevsky@...com>,
        Joe Stringer <joe@...ium.io>, Jonathan Corbet <corbet@....net>,
        Tero Kristo <tero.kristo@...ux.intel.com>,
        linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org, linux-input@...r.kernel.org,
        netdev@...r.kernel.org, bpf@...r.kernel.org,
        linux-kselftest@...r.kernel.org, linux-doc@...r.kernel.org
Subject: Re: [PATCH bpf-next v5 02/17] bpf/verifier: allow kfunc to return an
 allocated mem

On Thu, May 19, 2022 at 02:29:09AM IST, Benjamin Tissoires wrote:
> When a kfunc is not returning a pointer to a struct but to a plain type,
> we can consider it is a valid allocated memory assuming that:
> - one of the arguments is called rdonly_buf_size
> - or one of the arguments is called rdwr_buf_size
> - and this argument is a const from the caller point of view
>
> We can then use this parameter as the size of the allocated memory.
>
> The memory is either read-only or read-write based on the name
> of the size parameter.
>
> Signed-off-by: Benjamin Tissoires <benjamin.tissoires@...hat.com>
>
> ---
>
> changes in v5:
> - updated PTR_TO_MEM comment in btf.c to match upstream
> - make it read-only or read-write based on the name of size
>
> new in v4
> ---
>  include/linux/btf.h   |  7 +++++
>  kernel/bpf/btf.c      | 41 +++++++++++++++++++++++-
>  kernel/bpf/verifier.c | 72 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++----------
>  3 files changed, 102 insertions(+), 18 deletions(-)
>
> diff --git a/include/linux/btf.h b/include/linux/btf.h
> index 2611cea2c2b6..2a4feafc083e 100644
> --- a/include/linux/btf.h
> +++ b/include/linux/btf.h
> @@ -343,6 +343,13 @@ static inline struct btf_param *btf_params(const struct btf_type *t)
>  	return (struct btf_param *)(t + 1);
>  }
>
> +struct bpf_reg_state;
> +
> +bool btf_is_kfunc_arg_mem_size(const struct btf *btf,
> +			       const struct btf_param *arg,
> +			       const struct bpf_reg_state *reg,
> +			       const char *name);
> +
>  #ifdef CONFIG_BPF_SYSCALL
>  struct bpf_prog;
>
> diff --git a/kernel/bpf/btf.c b/kernel/bpf/btf.c
> index 7bccaa4646e5..2d11d178807c 100644
> --- a/kernel/bpf/btf.c
> +++ b/kernel/bpf/btf.c
> @@ -6049,6 +6049,31 @@ static bool is_kfunc_arg_mem_size(const struct btf *btf,
>  	return true;
>  }
>
> +bool btf_is_kfunc_arg_mem_size(const struct btf *btf,
> +			       const struct btf_param *arg,
> +			       const struct bpf_reg_state *reg,
> +			       const char *name)
> +{
> +	int len, target_len = strlen(name);
> +	const struct btf_type *t;
> +	const char *param_name;
> +
> +	t = btf_type_skip_modifiers(btf, arg->type, NULL);
> +	if (!btf_type_is_scalar(t) || reg->type != SCALAR_VALUE)
> +		return false;
> +
> +	param_name = btf_name_by_offset(btf, arg->name_off);
> +	if (str_is_empty(param_name))
> +		return false;
> +	len = strlen(param_name);
> +	if (len != target_len)
> +		return false;
> +	if (strncmp(param_name, name, target_len))
> +		return false;
> +
> +	return true;
> +}

I think you don't need these checks. btf_check_kfunc_arg_match would have
already made sure scalar arguments receive scalar. The rest is just matching on
the argument name, which you can directly strcmp when setting up R0's type.

> +
>  static int btf_check_func_arg_match(struct bpf_verifier_env *env,
>  				    const struct btf *btf, u32 func_id,
>  				    struct bpf_reg_state *regs,
> @@ -6198,7 +6223,7 @@ static int btf_check_func_arg_match(struct bpf_verifier_env *env,
>  			if (reg->type == PTR_TO_BTF_ID) {
>  				reg_btf = reg->btf;
>  				reg_ref_id = reg->btf_id;
> -				/* Ensure only one argument is referenced PTR_TO_BTF_ID */
> +				/* Ensure only one argument is reference PTR_TO_BTF_ID or PTR_TO_MEM */

But this part of the code would never be reached for PTR_TO_MEM, so the comment
would be false?

>  				if (reg->ref_obj_id) {
>  					if (ref_obj_id) {
>  						bpf_log(log, "verifier internal error: more than one arg with ref_obj_id R%d %u %u\n",
> @@ -6258,6 +6283,20 @@ static int btf_check_func_arg_match(struct bpf_verifier_env *env,
>  					i++;
>  					continue;
>  				}
> +
> +				if (rel && reg->ref_obj_id) {
> +					/* Ensure only one argument is referenced PTR_TO_BTF_ID or PTR_TO_MEM */
> +					if (ref_obj_id) {
> +						bpf_log(log,
> +							"verifier internal error: more than one arg with ref_obj_id R%d %u %u\n",
> +							regno,
> +							reg->ref_obj_id,
> +							ref_obj_id);
> +						return -EFAULT;
> +					}
> +					ref_regno = regno;
> +					ref_obj_id = reg->ref_obj_id;
> +				}

Why do we need this part? I don't see any code passing that __u8 * back into a
release function. The only release function I see that you are adding is
releasing a struct, which should be PTR_TO_BTF_ID and already supported.

Also acquire function should not return non-struct pointer. Can you also update
the if (acq && !btf_type_is_ptr(t)) check in check_kfunc_call to instead check
for btf_type_is_struct? The verbose log would be misleading now, but it was
based on the assumption only PTR_TO_BTF_ID as return pointer is supported.

>  			}
>
>  			resolve_ret = btf_resolve_size(btf, ref_t, &type_size);
> diff --git a/kernel/bpf/verifier.c b/kernel/bpf/verifier.c
> index 9b59581026f8..084319073064 100644
> --- a/kernel/bpf/verifier.c
> +++ b/kernel/bpf/verifier.c
> @@ -7219,13 +7219,14 @@ static int check_kfunc_call(struct bpf_verifier_env *env, struct bpf_insn *insn,
>  			    int *insn_idx_p)
>  {
>  	const struct btf_type *t, *func, *func_proto, *ptr_type;
> -	struct bpf_reg_state *regs = cur_regs(env);
> +	struct bpf_reg_state *reg, *regs = cur_regs(env);
>  	const char *func_name, *ptr_type_name;
> -	u32 i, nargs, func_id, ptr_type_id;
> +	u32 i, nargs, func_id, ptr_type_id, regno;
>  	int err, insn_idx = *insn_idx_p;
>  	const struct btf_param *args;
>  	struct btf *desc_btf;
>  	bool acq;
> +	size_t reg_rw_size = 0, reg_ro_size = 0;

Not reverse X-mas tree.

>
>  	/* skip for now, but return error when we find this in fixup_kfunc_call */
>  	if (!insn->imm)
> @@ -7266,8 +7267,8 @@ static int check_kfunc_call(struct bpf_verifier_env *env, struct bpf_insn *insn,
>  		}
>  	}
>
> -	for (i = 0; i < CALLER_SAVED_REGS; i++)
> -		mark_reg_not_init(env, regs, caller_saved[i]);
> +	/* reset REG_0 */
> +	mark_reg_not_init(env, regs, BPF_REG_0);
>
>  	/* Check return type */
>  	t = btf_type_skip_modifiers(desc_btf, func_proto->type, NULL);
> @@ -7277,6 +7278,9 @@ static int check_kfunc_call(struct bpf_verifier_env *env, struct bpf_insn *insn,
>  		return -EINVAL;
>  	}
>
> +	nargs = btf_type_vlen(func_proto);
> +	args = btf_params(func_proto);
> +
>  	if (btf_type_is_scalar(t)) {
>  		mark_reg_unknown(env, regs, BPF_REG_0);
>  		mark_btf_func_reg_size(env, BPF_REG_0, t->size);
> @@ -7284,24 +7288,57 @@ static int check_kfunc_call(struct bpf_verifier_env *env, struct bpf_insn *insn,
>  		ptr_type = btf_type_skip_modifiers(desc_btf, t->type,
>  						   &ptr_type_id);
>  		if (!btf_type_is_struct(ptr_type)) {
> -			ptr_type_name = btf_name_by_offset(desc_btf,
> -							   ptr_type->name_off);
> -			verbose(env, "kernel function %s returns pointer type %s %s is not supported\n",
> -				func_name, btf_type_str(ptr_type),
> -				ptr_type_name);
> -			return -EINVAL;
> +			/* if we have an array, look for the arguments */
> +			for (i = 0; i < nargs; i++) {
> +				regno = i + BPF_REG_1;
> +				reg = &regs[regno];
> +
> +				/* look for any const scalar parameter of name "rdonly_buf_size"
> +				 * or "rdwr_buf_size"
> +				 */
> +				if (!check_reg_arg(env, regno, SRC_OP) &&
> +				    tnum_is_const(regs[regno].var_off)) {

Instead of this, we should probably just check the argument that has its name as
rdonly/rdwr_buf_size inside btf_check_kfunc_arg_match and ensure there is only
one of those. No need for check_reg_arg, and just this tnum_is_const can also be
enforced inside btf_check_kfunc_arg_match. You can pass a struct like so:

	struct bpf_kfunc_arg_meta {
		u64 r0_size;
		bool r0_rdonly;
	};

and set its value to reg->var_off.value from inside the function in the argument
checking loop. Then you don't have to change the mark_reg_not_init order here.
All your code can be inside the if (btf_type_is_scalar(t)) branch.

Also, it would be nice to use this struct to signal the register that is being
released. Right now it's done using a > 0 return value (the if (err)) which is a
bit ugly. But up to you if you want to do that tiny cleanup.

> +					if (btf_is_kfunc_arg_mem_size(desc_btf, &args[i], reg,
> +								      "rdonly_buf_size"))
> +						reg_ro_size = regs[regno].var_off.value;
> +					else if (btf_is_kfunc_arg_mem_size(desc_btf, &args[i], reg,
> +									   "rdwr_buf_size"))
> +						reg_rw_size = regs[regno].var_off.value;
> +				}
> +			}
> +
> +			if (!reg_rw_size && !reg_ro_size) {
> +				ptr_type_name = btf_name_by_offset(desc_btf,
> +								   ptr_type->name_off);
> +				verbose(env,
> +					"kernel function %s returns pointer type %s %s is not supported\n",
> +					func_name,
> +					btf_type_str(ptr_type),
> +					ptr_type_name);
> +				return -EINVAL;
> +			}
> +
> +			mark_reg_known_zero(env, regs, BPF_REG_0);
> +			regs[BPF_REG_0].type = PTR_TO_MEM;
> +			regs[BPF_REG_0].mem_size = reg_ro_size + reg_rw_size;
> +
> +			if (reg_ro_size)
> +				regs[BPF_REG_0].type |= MEM_RDONLY;
> +		} else {
> +			mark_reg_known_zero(env, regs, BPF_REG_0);
> +			regs[BPF_REG_0].type = PTR_TO_BTF_ID;
> +			regs[BPF_REG_0].btf = desc_btf;
> +			regs[BPF_REG_0].btf_id = ptr_type_id;
> +			mark_btf_func_reg_size(env, BPF_REG_0, sizeof(void *));
>  		}
> -		mark_reg_known_zero(env, regs, BPF_REG_0);
> -		regs[BPF_REG_0].btf = desc_btf;
> -		regs[BPF_REG_0].type = PTR_TO_BTF_ID;
> -		regs[BPF_REG_0].btf_id = ptr_type_id;
> +
>  		if (btf_kfunc_id_set_contains(desc_btf, resolve_prog_type(env->prog),
>  					      BTF_KFUNC_TYPE_RET_NULL, func_id)) {
>  			regs[BPF_REG_0].type |= PTR_MAYBE_NULL;
>  			/* For mark_ptr_or_null_reg, see 93c230e3f5bd6 */
>  			regs[BPF_REG_0].id = ++env->id_gen;
>  		}
> -		mark_btf_func_reg_size(env, BPF_REG_0, sizeof(void *));
> +

Any reason to do this call only for PTR_TO_BTF_ID and not for PTR_TO_MEM?

>  		if (acq) {
>  			int id = acquire_reference_state(env, insn_idx);
>
> @@ -7312,8 +7349,9 @@ static int check_kfunc_call(struct bpf_verifier_env *env, struct bpf_insn *insn,
>  		}
>  	} /* else { add_kfunc_call() ensures it is btf_type_is_void(t) } */
>
> -	nargs = btf_type_vlen(func_proto);
> -	args = (const struct btf_param *)(func_proto + 1);
> +	for (i = 1 ; i < CALLER_SAVED_REGS; i++)
> +		mark_reg_not_init(env, regs, caller_saved[i]);
> +
>  	for (i = 0; i < nargs; i++) {
>  		u32 regno = i + 1;
>
> --
> 2.36.1
>

--
Kartikeya

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