linux-kernel - Re: [PATCH 2/4] KVM: x86: Harden _regs accesses to guard against buggy input

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Date:   Thu, 26 May 2022 08:39:52 -0700
From:   Kees Cook <keescook@...omium.org>
To:     Sean Christopherson <seanjc@...gle.com>
Cc:     Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@...hat.com>,
        Vitaly Kuznetsov <vkuznets@...hat.com>,
        Wanpeng Li <wanpengli@...cent.com>,
        Jim Mattson <jmattson@...gle.com>,
        Joerg Roedel <joro@...tes.org>, kvm@...r.kernel.org,
        linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org, Robert Dinse <nanook@...imo.com>
Subject: Re: [PATCH 2/4] KVM: x86: Harden _regs accesses to guard against
 buggy input

On Wed, May 25, 2022 at 10:26:02PM +0000, Sean Christopherson wrote:
> WARN and truncate the incoming GPR number/index when reading/writing GPRs
> in the emulator to guard against KVM bugs, e.g. to avoid out-of-bounds
> accesses to ctxt->_regs[] if KVM generates a bogus index.  Truncate the
> index instead of returning e.g. zero, as reg_write() returns a pointer
> to the register, i.e. returning zero would result in a NULL pointer
> dereference.  KVM could also force the index to any arbitrary GPR, but
> that's no better or worse, just different.
> 
> Open code the restriction to 16 registers; RIP is handled via _eip and
> should never be accessed through reg_read() or reg_write().  See the
> comments above the declarations of reg_read() and reg_write(), and the
> behavior of writeback_registers().  The horrific open coded mess will be
> cleaned up in a future commit.
> 
> There are no such bugs known to exist in the emulator, but determining
> that KVM is bug-free is not at all simple and requires a deep dive into
> the emulator.  The code is so convoluted that GCC-12 with the recently
> enable -Warray-bounds spits out a (suspected) false-positive:
> 
>   arch/x86/kvm/emulate.c:254:27: warning: array subscript 32 is above array
>                                  bounds of 'long unsigned int[17]' [-Warray-bounds]

I can confirm this is one of the instances of the now-isolated GCC 12
bug:
https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=105679

Regardless, I think the cleanup is still useful from a robustness
perspective.  Better to be as defensive as possible in KVM. :)

>     254 |         return ctxt->_regs[nr];
>         |                ~~~~~~~~~~~^~~~
>   In file included from arch/x86/kvm/emulate.c:23:
>   arch/x86/kvm/kvm_emulate.h: In function 'reg_rmw':
>   arch/x86/kvm/kvm_emulate.h:366:23: note: while referencing '_regs'
>     366 |         unsigned long _regs[NR_VCPU_REGS];
>         |                       ^~~~~
> 
> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/YofQlBrlx18J7h9Y@google.com
> Cc: Robert Dinse <nanook@...imo.com>
> Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@...omium.org>
> Signed-off-by: Sean Christopherson <seanjc@...gle.com>
> ---
>  arch/x86/kvm/emulate.c | 6 ++++++
>  1 file changed, 6 insertions(+)
> 
> diff --git a/arch/x86/kvm/emulate.c b/arch/x86/kvm/emulate.c
> index 7226a127ccb4..c58366ae4da2 100644
> --- a/arch/x86/kvm/emulate.c
> +++ b/arch/x86/kvm/emulate.c
> @@ -247,6 +247,9 @@ enum x86_transfer_type {
>  
>  static ulong reg_read(struct x86_emulate_ctxt *ctxt, unsigned nr)
>  {
> +	if (WARN_ON_ONCE(nr >= 16))
> +		nr &= 16 - 1;

Instead of doing a modulo here, what about forcing it into an "unused"
slot?

i.e. define _regs as an array of [16 + 1], and:

	if (WARN_ON_ONCE(nr >= 16)
		nr = 16;

Then there is both no out-of-bounds access, but also no weird "actual"
register indexed?

-Kees

-- 
Kees Cook