Date:   Mon, 27 Jun 2022 18:33:51 +0200
From:   Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@...nel.org>
To:     Peter Gonda <pgonda@...gle.com>
Cc:     "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@...ux.intel.com>,
        Borislav Petkov <bp@...en8.de>,
        Andy Lutomirski <luto@...nel.org>,
        Sean Christopherson <seanjc@...gle.com>,
        Andrew Morton <akpm@...ux-foundation.org>,
        Joerg Roedel <jroedel@...e.de>,
        Andi Kleen <ak@...ux.intel.com>,
        Kuppuswamy Sathyanarayanan 
        <sathyanarayanan.kuppuswamy@...ux.intel.com>,
        David Rientjes <rientjes@...gle.com>,
        Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@...e.cz>,
        Tom Lendacky <thomas.lendacky@....com>,
        Thomas Gleixner <tglx@...utronix.de>,
        Peter Zijlstra <peterz@...radead.org>,
        Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@...hat.com>,
        Ingo Molnar <mingo@...hat.com>,
        Varad Gautam <varad.gautam@...e.com>,
        Dario Faggioli <dfaggioli@...e.com>,
        Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@...el.com>,
        Mike Rapoport <rppt@...nel.org>,
        David Hildenbrand <david@...hat.com>,
        Marcelo Cerri <marcelo.cerri@...onical.com>,
        tim.gardner@...onical.com,
        Khalid ElMously <khalid.elmously@...onical.com>,
        philip.cox@...onical.com,
        "the arch/x86 maintainers" <x86@...nel.org>,
        Linux Memory Management List <linux-mm@...ck.org>,
        linux-coco@...ts.linux.dev, linux-efi <linux-efi@...r.kernel.org>,
        LKML <linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org>
Subject: Re: [PATCHv7 00/14] mm, x86/cc: Implement support for unaccepted memory

On Mon, 27 Jun 2022 at 18:17, Peter Gonda <pgonda@...gle.com> wrote:
>
> On Mon, Jun 27, 2022 at 6:22 AM Kirill A. Shutemov
> <kirill.shutemov@...ux.intel.com> wrote:
> >
> > On Mon, Jun 27, 2022 at 01:54:45PM +0200, Ard Biesheuvel wrote:
> > > On Mon, 27 Jun 2022 at 13:30, Kirill A. Shutemov
> > > <kirill.shutemov@...ux.intel.com> wrote:
> > > >
> > > > On Fri, Jun 24, 2022 at 10:37:10AM -0600, Peter Gonda wrote:
> > > > > On Tue, Jun 14, 2022 at 6:03 AM Kirill A. Shutemov
> > > > > <kirill.shutemov@...ux.intel.com> wrote:
> > > > > >
> > > > > > UEFI Specification version 2.9 introduces the concept of memory
> > > > > > acceptance: some Virtual Machine platforms, such as Intel TDX or AMD
> > > > > > SEV-SNP, requiring memory to be accepted before it can be used by the
> > > > > > guest. Accepting happens via a protocol specific for the Virtual
> > > > > > Machine platform.
> > > > > >
> > > > > > Accepting memory is costly and it makes VMM allocate memory for the
> > > > > > accepted guest physical address range. It's better to postpone memory
> > > > > > acceptance until memory is needed. It lowers boot time and reduces
> > > > > > memory overhead.
> > > > > >
> > > > > > The kernel needs to know what memory has been accepted. Firmware
> > > > > > communicates this information via memory map: a new memory type --
> > > > > > EFI_UNACCEPTED_MEMORY -- indicates such memory.
> > > > > >
> > > > > > Range-based tracking works fine for firmware, but it gets bulky for
> > > > > > the kernel: e820 has to be modified on every page acceptance. It leads
> > > > > > to table fragmentation, but there's a limited number of entries in the
> > > > > > e820 table
> > > > > >
> > > > > > Another option is to mark such memory as usable in e820 and track if the
> > > > > > range has been accepted in a bitmap. One bit in the bitmap represents
> > > > > > 2MiB in the address space: one 4k page is enough to track 64GiB or
> > > > > > physical address space.
> > > > > >
> > > > > > In the worst-case scenario -- a huge hole in the middle of the
> > > > > > address space -- It needs 256MiB to handle 4PiB of the address
> > > > > > space.
> > > > > >
> > > > > > Any unaccepted memory that is not aligned to 2M gets accepted upfront.
> > > > > >
> > > > > > The approach lowers boot time substantially. Boot to shell is ~2.5x
> > > > > > faster for 4G TDX VM and ~4x faster for 64G.
> > > > > >
> > > > > > TDX-specific code isolated from the core of unaccepted memory support. It
> > > > > > supposed to help to plug-in different implementation of unaccepted memory
> > > > > > such as SEV-SNP.
> > > > > >
> > > > > > The tree can be found here:
> > > > > >
> > > > > > https://github.com/intel/tdx.git guest-unaccepted-memory
> > > > >
> > > > > Hi Kirill,
> > > > >
> > > > > I have a couple questions about this feature mainly about how cloud
> > > > > customers can use this, I assume since this is a confidential compute
> > > > > feature a large number of the users of these patches will be cloud
> > > > > customers using TDX and SNP. One issue I see with these patches is how
> > > > > do we as a cloud provider know whether a customer's linux image
> > > > > supports this feature, if the image doesn't have these patches UEFI
> > > > > needs to fully validate the memory, if the image does we can use this
> > > > > new protocol. In GCE we supply our VMs with a version of the EDK2 FW
> > > > > and the customer doesn't input into which UEFI we run, as far as I can
> > > > > tell from the Azure SNP VM documentation it seems very similar. We
> > > > > need to somehow tell our UEFI in the VM what to do based on the image.
> > > > > The current way I can see to solve this issue would be to have our
> > > > > customers give us metadata about their VM's image but this seems kinda
> > > > > burdensome on our customers (I assume we'll have more features which
> > > > > both UEFI and kernel need to both support inorder to be turned on like
> > > > > this one) and error-prone, if a customer incorrectly labels their
> > > > > image it may fail to boot.. Has there been any discussion about how to
> > > > > solve this? My naive thoughts were what if UEFI and Kernel had some
> > > > > sort of feature negotiation. Maybe that could happen via an extension
> > > > > to exit boot services or a UEFI runtime driver, I'm not sure what's
> > > > > best here just some ideas.
> > > >
> > > > Just as an idea, we can put info into UTS_VERSION which can be read from
> > > > the built bzImage. We have info on SMP and preeption there already.
> > > >
> > >
> > > Instead of hacking this into the binary, couldn't we define a protocol
> > > that the kernel will call from the EFI stub (before EBS()) to identify
> > > itself as an image that understands unaccepted memory, and knows how
> > > to deal with it?
> > >
> > > That way, the firmware can accept all the memory on behalf of the OS
> > > at ExitBootServices() time, unless the OS has indicated there is no
> > > need to do so.
> >
> > I agree it would be better. But I think it would require change to EFI
> > spec, no?
>
> Could this somehow be amended on to the UEFI Specification version 2.9
> change which added all of the unaccepted memory features?
>

Why would this need a change in the EFI spec? Not every EFI protocol
needs to be in the spec.

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