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Date: Mon, 27 Jun 2022 14:41:43 -0700
From: "Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@...nel.org>
To: "Zhang, Qiang1" <qiang1.zhang@...el.com>
Cc: Boqun Feng <boqun.feng@...il.com>,
"quic_neeraju@...cinc.com" <quic_neeraju@...cinc.com>,
"frederic@...nel.org" <frederic@...nel.org>,
"rcu@...r.kernel.org" <rcu@...r.kernel.org>,
"linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org" <linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org>
Subject: Re: [PATCH] rcu: Add exp QS check in rcu_exp_handler() for
no-preemptible expedited RCU
On Thu, Jun 23, 2022 at 03:23:19AM +0000, Zhang, Qiang1 wrote:
> On Wed, Jun 22, 2022 at 05:34:09PM -0700, Paul E. McKenney wrote:
> > On Wed, Jun 22, 2022 at 11:34:15PM +0000, Zhang, Qiang1 wrote:
> > >
> > > On Wed, Jun 22, 2022 at 06:35:49PM +0800, Zqiang wrote:
> > > > In CONFIG_PREEMPT=n and CONFIG_PREEMPT_COUNT=y kernel, after a exp
> > > > grace period begins, if detected current CPU enters idle in
> > > > rcu_exp_handler() IPI handler, will immediately report the exp QS of the
> > > > current cpu, at this time, maybe not being in an RCU read-side critical
> > > > section, but need wait until rcu-softirq or sched-clock irq or sched-switch
> > > > occurs on current CPU to check and report exp QS.
> > > >
> > >
> > > >I think the idea is OK, however, this "optimization" is based on the
> > > >implementation detail that rcu_read_lock() counts preempt_count when
> > > >CONFIG_PREEMPT_COUNT=y, right? It's a little bit dangerous because the
> > > >preempt_count when CONFIG_PREEMPT_COUNT=y and CONFIG_PREEMPT=n is mostly
> > > >for debugging purposes IIUC, and in other words, _it could be gone_.
> > > >
> > >
> > > Yes, for CONFIG_PREEMPT_COUNT=y and CONFIG_PREEMPT=n kernel
> > > The rcu_read_lock/unlock are replaced by preempt_disbale/enable, and the
> > > preempt-count is exists, so can report exp QS when not being an RCU
> > > read-side critical(preempt_count & (PREEMPT_MASK | SOFTIRQ_MASK )return zero).
> > > in IPI handler.
> > >
> > > For CONFIG_PREEMPT_COUNT=n and CONFIG_PREEMPT=n kernel,
> > > The rcu_read_lock/unlock is just barrier().
> > >
> > >
> > > So I add IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_PREEMPT_COUNT) check in code.
> > >
> > > Of course, for CONFIG_PREEMPT_COUNT=n kernel, in RCU softirq, the
> > > preempt-count is also checked
> > >
> > > /* Report any deferred quiescent states if preemption enabled. */
> > > if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_PREEMPT_COUNT) && (!(preempt_count() & PREEMPT_MASK))) {
> > > rcu_preempt_deferred_qs(current);
> > >
> > > but the RCU softirq may not be triggered in time and reported exp QS, for
> > > example a kernel loop exist on NO_HZ_FULL CPU
> > >
> > > this change, It is to capture the exp QS state earlier and report it.
> > >
> > >
> > > >Also I'm not aware of any but there could be someone assuming that RCU
> > > >read-side critical sections can be formed without
> > > >rcu_read_{lock,unlock}() in CONFIG_PREEMPT=n kernel. For example, there
> > > >might be "creative" code like the following:
> > > >
> > > > void do_something_only_in_nonpreempt(void)
> > > > {
> > > > int *p;
> > > >
> > > > // This function only gets called in PREEMPT=n kernel,
> > > > // which means everywhere is a RCU read-side critical
> > > > // section, let's save some lines of code.
> > > >
> > > rcu_read_lock();
> > > > p = rcu_dereference_check(gp, !IS_ENABLED(PREEMPT));
> > > > ... // of course no schedule() here.
> > > > <access p>
> > > rcu_read_unlock();
> > > > }
> > > >
> > >
> > > Usually access to pointers of type rcu needs to be protected.
>
> Yes, _ususally_ they are, but what about the special cases? Because
> in PREEMPT=n kernel, almost everywhere is a RCU read-side critical
> section, some one might have been "creative" enough to omit these
> rcu_read_lock() and rcu_read_unlock().
>
> >
> > Indeed, lockdep would normally complain about this sort of thing.
> > But in kernels built with (say) CONFIG_PREEMPT_NONE=y but without
> > CONFIG_PREEMPT_COUNT=N, can lockdep really tell the difference?
> >
>
> >Actually with the rcu_dereference_check() above, lockdep cannot detect
> >even CONFIG_PREEMPT_COUNT=y, that rcu_dereference_check() basically says
> >"I know I'm in a read-side critical section if it's a non-preempt
> >kernel, so don't bother to check". ;-)
>
> > > Any thoughts?
> >
> > It would be good to have some performance data on this change to expedited
> > grace periods. It is adding code, so it needs some real motivation.
>
> I used rcuscale to test it, and count the average time of writer-duration
>
> no applied patch(org.txt)
> writer avg time 29690.39 29670.78 29770.65 29423.25
>
> applied patch(new.txt)
> writer avg time 28989.99 29003.54 29281.39 28986.58
>
> or Is there a better way to test?
If I understand your measurments correctly, you are getting about a 2%
improvement in expedited grace-period latency in !PREEMPT kernels.
Do we have a situation for which that 2% improvement is important?
We would be taking some risk due to the issues Boqun points out or we
would be adding some complexity to avoid those issues. So this
2% has a definite cost associated with it.
What am I missing here?
Thanx, Paul
> Thanks
> Zqiang
>
>
> >Agreed.
> >
> >Regards,
> >Boqun
>
> > So, does this change make a system-level difference in (say) expedited
> > RCU grace-period latency, and if so, under what conditions?
> >
> > Thanx, Paul
> >
> > > >Again, I'm not aware of any existing code that does this but we need to
> > > >be sure.
> > > >
> > > >Regards,
> > > >Boqun
> > > >
> > > > This commit add a exp QS check in rcu_exp_handler(), when not being
> > > > in an RCU read-side critical section, report exp QS earlier.
> > > >
> > > > Signed-off-by: Zqiang <qiang1.zhang@...el.com>
> > > > ---
> > > > kernel/rcu/tree_exp.h | 5 ++++-
> > > > 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
> > > >
> > > > diff --git a/kernel/rcu/tree_exp.h b/kernel/rcu/tree_exp.h
> > > > index be667583a554..34f08267410f 100644
> > > > --- a/kernel/rcu/tree_exp.h
> > > > +++ b/kernel/rcu/tree_exp.h
> > > > @@ -828,11 +828,14 @@ static void rcu_exp_handler(void *unused)
> > > > {
> > > > struct rcu_data *rdp = this_cpu_ptr(&rcu_data);
> > > > struct rcu_node *rnp = rdp->mynode;
> > > > + bool preempt_bh_disabled =
> > > > + !!(preempt_count() & (PREEMPT_MASK | SOFTIRQ_MASK));
> > > >
> > > > if (!(READ_ONCE(rnp->expmask) & rdp->grpmask) ||
> > > > __this_cpu_read(rcu_data.cpu_no_qs.b.exp))
> > > > return;
> > > > - if (rcu_is_cpu_rrupt_from_idle()) {
> > > > + if (rcu_is_cpu_rrupt_from_idle() ||
> > > > + (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_PREEMPT_COUNT) && !preempt_bh_disabled)) {
> > > > rcu_report_exp_rdp(this_cpu_ptr(&rcu_data));
> > > > return;
> > > > }
> > > > --
> > > > 2.25.1
> > > >
> [ 28.907109] rcu-scale: rcu_scale_writer 3 has 100 measurements
> [ 28.907133] rcu-scale: rcu_scale_writer 0 has 100 measurements
> [ 28.907135] rcu-scale: rcu_scale_writer 1 has 100 measurements
> [ 28.907138] rcu-scale: rcu_scale_writer 2 has 100 measurements
> [ 28.917241] Dumping ftrace buffer:
> [ 28.917256] (ftrace buffer empty)
> [ 28.917261] rcu-scale: Test complete
> [ 49.336302] rcu-scale:!!! All grace periods expedited, no normal ones to measure!
> [ 49.336329] rcu-torture: Stopping rcu_scale_reader task
> [ 49.336340] rcu-torture: rcu_scale_reader is stopping
> [ 49.336351] rcu-torture: Stopping rcu_scale_reader task
> [ 49.336361] rcu-torture: rcu_scale_reader is stopping
> [ 49.336370] rcu-torture: Stopping rcu_scale_reader task
> [ 49.336405] rcu-torture: rcu_scale_reader is stopping
> [ 49.336426] rcu-torture: Stopping rcu_scale_reader task
> [ 49.336432] rcu-torture: rcu_scale_reader is stopping
> [ 49.336443] rcu-torture: Stopping rcu_scale_writer task
> [ 49.336450] rcu-torture: rcu_scale_writer is stopping
> [ 49.336458] rcu-scale: writer 0 gps: 102
> [ 49.336460] rcu-torture: Stopping rcu_scale_writer task
> [ 49.336465] rcu-torture: rcu_scale_writer is stopping
> [ 49.336517] rcu-scale: writer 1 gps: 102
> [ 49.336519] rcu-torture: Stopping rcu_scale_writer task
> [ 49.336524] rcu-torture: rcu_scale_writer is stopping
> [ 49.336532] rcu-scale: writer 2 gps: 101
> [ 49.336533] rcu-torture: Stopping rcu_scale_writer task
> [ 49.336539] rcu-torture: rcu_scale_writer is stopping
> [ 49.336546] rcu-scale: writer 3 gps: 102
> [ 49.336548] rcu-scale: start: 28841772292 end: 28844718545 duration: 2946253 gps: 407 batches: 2
> [ 49.336550] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 0 25552
> [ 49.339264] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 1 42012
> [ 49.339274] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 2 24377
> [ 49.339280] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 3 34458
> [ 49.339299] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 4 27007
> [ 49.339305] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 5 36494
> [ 49.339310] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 6 24278
> [ 49.339315] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 7 29383
> [ 49.339321] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 8 26494
> [ 49.339326] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 9 35430
> [ 49.339331] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 10 23986
> [ 49.339337] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 11 28663
> [ 49.339342] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 12 26329
> [ 49.339347] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 13 35645
> [ 49.339353] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 14 23761
> [ 49.339358] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 15 28889
> [ 49.339364] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 16 26519
> [ 49.339369] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 17 35863
> [ 49.339374] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 18 23984
> [ 49.339380] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 19 28618
> [ 49.339385] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 20 26547
> [ 49.339390] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 21 35515
> [ 49.339395] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 22 23913
> [ 49.339400] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 23 28510
> [ 49.339405] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 24 26746
> [ 49.339410] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 25 35670
> [ 49.339416] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 26 23963
> [ 49.339421] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 27 28561
> [ 49.339427] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 28 26380
> [ 49.339432] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 29 36039
> [ 49.339438] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 30 24215
> [ 49.339443] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 31 28891
> [ 49.339449] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 32 26578
> [ 49.339454] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 33 40498
> [ 49.339459] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 34 24245
> [ 49.339464] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 35 29465
> [ 49.339469] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 36 26946
> [ 49.339475] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 37 35955
> [ 49.339480] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 38 24059
> [ 49.339486] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 39 28795
> [ 49.339491] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 40 26536
> [ 49.339496] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 41 35879
> [ 49.339501] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 42 24181
> [ 49.339506] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 43 28639
> [ 49.339512] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 44 26546
> [ 49.339517] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 45 35884
> [ 49.339522] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 46 23986
> [ 49.339527] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 47 28668
> [ 49.339532] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 48 26454
> [ 49.339537] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 49 35772
> [ 49.339542] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 50 23942
> [ 49.339547] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 51 28803
> [ 49.339553] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 52 26545
> [ 49.339558] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 53 35615
> [ 49.339563] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 54 23569
> [ 49.339568] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 55 28427
> [ 49.339573] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 56 26489
> [ 49.339578] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 57 35516
> [ 49.339584] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 58 23722
> [ 49.339589] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 59 28435
> [ 49.339594] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 60 26401
> [ 49.339599] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 61 35488
> [ 49.339604] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 62 23855
> [ 49.339610] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 63 28583
> [ 49.339615] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 64 26629
> [ 49.339620] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 65 36168
> [ 49.339625] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 66 24191
> [ 49.339630] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 67 28802
> [ 49.339635] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 68 32436
> [ 49.339640] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 69 38444
> [ 49.339646] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 70 24417
> [ 49.339651] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 71 29128
> [ 49.339656] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 72 26480
> [ 49.339661] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 73 35881
> [ 49.339666] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 74 24123
> [ 49.339671] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 75 28735
> [ 49.339676] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 76 26359
> [ 49.339681] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 77 35715
> [ 49.339687] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 78 24092
> [ 49.339692] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 79 28716
> [ 49.339698] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 80 26448
> [ 49.339703] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 81 35935
> [ 49.339708] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 82 23966
> [ 49.339713] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 83 28552
> [ 49.339718] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 84 26487
> [ 49.339723] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 85 35490
> [ 49.339729] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 86 23976
> [ 49.339734] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 87 28679
> [ 49.339740] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 88 26525
> [ 49.339745] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 89 35764
> [ 49.339750] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 90 24050
> [ 49.339756] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 91 28777
> [ 49.339761] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 92 26412
> [ 49.339767] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 93 35707
> [ 49.339772] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 94 23913
> [ 49.339777] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 95 28450
> [ 49.339782] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 96 26665
> [ 49.339788] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 97 35636
> [ 49.339793] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 98 23953
> [ 49.339798] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 99 28466
> [ 49.339804] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 100 26654
> [ 49.341227] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 101 225635
>
>
>
>
> [ 49.341246] rcu-scale: 1 writer-duration: 0 27277
> [ 49.343227] rcu-scale: 1 writer-duration: 1 34458
> [ 49.343236] rcu-scale: 1 writer-duration: 2 27340
> [ 49.343242] rcu-scale: 1 writer-duration: 3 41758
> [ 49.343248] rcu-scale: 1 writer-duration: 4 24161
> [ 49.343254] rcu-scale: 1 writer-duration: 5 29250
> [ 49.343260] rcu-scale: 1 writer-duration: 6 26996
> [ 49.343266] rcu-scale: 1 writer-duration: 7 36482
> [ 49.343272] rcu-scale: 1 writer-duration: 8 23782
> [ 49.343277] rcu-scale: 1 writer-duration: 9 28433
> [ 49.343283] rcu-scale: 1 writer-duration: 10 26577
> [ 49.343289] rcu-scale: 1 writer-duration: 11 35616
> [ 49.343295] rcu-scale: 1 writer-duration: 12 23821
> [ 49.343301] rcu-scale: 1 writer-duration: 13 28678
> [ 49.343307] rcu-scale: 1 writer-duration: 14 26517
> [ 49.343313] rcu-scale: 1 writer-duration: 15 35548
> [ 49.343319] rcu-scale: 1 writer-duration: 16 24196
> [ 49.343325] rcu-scale: 1 writer-duration: 17 28626
> [ 49.343332] rcu-scale: 1 writer-duration: 18 26772
> [ 49.343338] rcu-scale: 1 writer-duration: 19 35539
> [ 49.343344] rcu-scale: 1 writer-duration: 20 23897
> [ 49.343350] rcu-scale: 1 writer-duration: 21 28635
> [ 49.343356] rcu-scale: 1 writer-duration: 22 26453
> [ 49.343362] rcu-scale: 1 writer-duration: 23 35416
> [ 49.343368] rcu-scale: 1 writer-duration: 24 24096
> [ 49.343373] rcu-scale: 1 writer-duration: 25 28733
> [ 49.343379] rcu-scale: 1 writer-duration: 26 26538
> [ 49.343385] rcu-scale: 1 writer-duration: 27 35590
> [ 49.343390] rcu-scale: 1 writer-duration: 28 23739
> [ 49.343396] rcu-scale: 1 writer-duration: 29 29450
> [ 49.343402] rcu-scale: 1 writer-duration: 30 26452
> [ 49.343408] rcu-scale: 1 writer-duration: 31 35807
> [ 49.343413] rcu-scale: 1 writer-duration: 32 24145
> [ 49.343419] rcu-scale: 1 writer-duration: 33 33452
> [ 49.343425] rcu-scale: 1 writer-duration: 34 26767
> [ 49.343431] rcu-scale: 1 writer-duration: 35 36677
> [ 49.343438] rcu-scale: 1 writer-duration: 36 24102
> [ 49.343444] rcu-scale: 1 writer-duration: 37 28937
> [ 49.343449] rcu-scale: 1 writer-duration: 38 26622
> [ 49.343454] rcu-scale: 1 writer-duration: 39 35903
> [ 49.343460] rcu-scale: 1 writer-duration: 40 23956
> [ 49.343465] rcu-scale: 1 writer-duration: 41 28684
> [ 49.343470] rcu-scale: 1 writer-duration: 42 26901
> [ 49.343475] rcu-scale: 1 writer-duration: 43 35717
> [ 49.343480] rcu-scale: 1 writer-duration: 44 23957
> [ 49.343485] rcu-scale: 1 writer-duration: 45 28780
> [ 49.343490] rcu-scale: 1 writer-duration: 46 26747
> [ 49.343495] rcu-scale: 1 writer-duration: 47 35538
> [ 49.343501] rcu-scale: 1 writer-duration: 48 23963
> [ 49.343506] rcu-scale: 1 writer-duration: 49 28727
> [ 49.343511] rcu-scale: 1 writer-duration: 50 26519
> [ 49.343516] rcu-scale: 1 writer-duration: 51 35733
> [ 49.343521] rcu-scale: 1 writer-duration: 52 24098
> [ 49.343527] rcu-scale: 1 writer-duration: 53 28557
> [ 49.343532] rcu-scale: 1 writer-duration: 54 26208
> [ 49.343537] rcu-scale: 1 writer-duration: 55 35315
> [ 49.343543] rcu-scale: 1 writer-duration: 56 23932
> [ 49.343548] rcu-scale: 1 writer-duration: 57 28507
> [ 49.343553] rcu-scale: 1 writer-duration: 58 26443
> [ 49.343559] rcu-scale: 1 writer-duration: 59 35306
> [ 49.343564] rcu-scale: 1 writer-duration: 60 23868
> [ 49.343570] rcu-scale: 1 writer-duration: 61 28606
> [ 49.343575] rcu-scale: 1 writer-duration: 62 26308
> [ 49.343580] rcu-scale: 1 writer-duration: 63 35693
> [ 49.343586] rcu-scale: 1 writer-duration: 64 23934
> [ 49.343591] rcu-scale: 1 writer-duration: 65 29456
> [ 49.343596] rcu-scale: 1 writer-duration: 66 26600
> [ 49.343602] rcu-scale: 1 writer-duration: 67 35682
> [ 49.343607] rcu-scale: 1 writer-duration: 68 29849
> [ 49.343612] rcu-scale: 1 writer-duration: 69 31555
> [ 49.343618] rcu-scale: 1 writer-duration: 70 26942
> [ 49.343623] rcu-scale: 1 writer-duration: 71 36037
> [ 49.343629] rcu-scale: 1 writer-duration: 72 23965
> [ 49.343634] rcu-scale: 1 writer-duration: 73 28811
> [ 49.343640] rcu-scale: 1 writer-duration: 74 26734
> [ 49.343645] rcu-scale: 1 writer-duration: 75 35712
> [ 49.343650] rcu-scale: 1 writer-duration: 76 23845
> [ 49.343656] rcu-scale: 1 writer-duration: 77 28619
> [ 49.343661] rcu-scale: 1 writer-duration: 78 26637
> [ 49.343666] rcu-scale: 1 writer-duration: 79 35773
> [ 49.343672] rcu-scale: 1 writer-duration: 80 23910
> [ 49.343677] rcu-scale: 1 writer-duration: 81 28873
> [ 49.343682] rcu-scale: 1 writer-duration: 82 26581
> [ 49.343688] rcu-scale: 1 writer-duration: 83 35517
> [ 49.343694] rcu-scale: 1 writer-duration: 84 23928
> [ 49.343699] rcu-scale: 1 writer-duration: 85 28565
> [ 49.343704] rcu-scale: 1 writer-duration: 86 26464
> [ 49.343710] rcu-scale: 1 writer-duration: 87 35715
> [ 49.343715] rcu-scale: 1 writer-duration: 88 23968
> [ 49.343721] rcu-scale: 1 writer-duration: 89 28784
> [ 49.343726] rcu-scale: 1 writer-duration: 90 26576
> [ 49.343731] rcu-scale: 1 writer-duration: 91 35800
> [ 49.343737] rcu-scale: 1 writer-duration: 92 23918
> [ 49.343742] rcu-scale: 1 writer-duration: 93 28487
> [ 49.343747] rcu-scale: 1 writer-duration: 94 26491
> [ 49.343753] rcu-scale: 1 writer-duration: 95 35565
> [ 49.343758] rcu-scale: 1 writer-duration: 96 24092
> [ 49.343763] rcu-scale: 1 writer-duration: 97 28469
> [ 49.343768] rcu-scale: 1 writer-duration: 98 26865
> [ 49.343774] rcu-scale: 1 writer-duration: 99 35343
> [ 49.343779] rcu-scale: 1 writer-duration: 100 23995
> [ 49.345221] rcu-scale: 1 writer-duration: 101 60524
>
>
>
> [ 49.345235] rcu-scale: 2 writer-duration: 0 56581
> [ 49.347314] rcu-scale: 2 writer-duration: 1 32281
> [ 49.347329] rcu-scale: 2 writer-duration: 2 29516
> [ 49.347336] rcu-scale: 2 writer-duration: 3 29979
> [ 49.347342] rcu-scale: 2 writer-duration: 4 36232
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>
>
>
>
> [ 49.349299] rcu-scale: 3 writer-duration: 0 26939
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> [ 49.351514] rcu-scale: 3 writer-duration: 74 24317
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> [ 49.351527] rcu-scale: 3 writer-duration: 78 24252
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> [ 49.351533] rcu-scale: 3 writer-duration: 80 26058
> [ 49.351536] rcu-scale: 3 writer-duration: 81 28892
> [ 49.351540] rcu-scale: 3 writer-duration: 82 24342
> [ 49.351543] rcu-scale: 3 writer-duration: 83 35751
> [ 49.351546] rcu-scale: 3 writer-duration: 84 25932
> [ 49.351549] rcu-scale: 3 writer-duration: 85 28682
> [ 49.351552] rcu-scale: 3 writer-duration: 86 24086
> [ 49.351555] rcu-scale: 3 writer-duration: 87 35791
> [ 49.351559] rcu-scale: 3 writer-duration: 88 26189
> [ 49.351562] rcu-scale: 3 writer-duration: 89 28754
> [ 49.351565] rcu-scale: 3 writer-duration: 90 24250
> [ 49.351568] rcu-scale: 3 writer-duration: 91 35768
> [ 49.351572] rcu-scale: 3 writer-duration: 92 26160
> [ 49.351575] rcu-scale: 3 writer-duration: 93 28896
> [ 49.351578] rcu-scale: 3 writer-duration: 94 24020
> [ 49.351581] rcu-scale: 3 writer-duration: 95 35727
> [ 49.351584] rcu-scale: 3 writer-duration: 96 26099
> [ 49.351587] rcu-scale: 3 writer-duration: 97 28768
> [ 49.351590] rcu-scale: 3 writer-duration: 98 24011
> [ 49.351593] rcu-scale: 3 writer-duration: 99 35786
> [ 49.351597] rcu-scale: 3 writer-duration: 100 25989
> [ 49.353257] rcu-scale: 3 writer-duration: 101 46411
>
>
> [ 47.850402] rcu-scale: rcu_scale_writer 3 has 100 measurements
> [ 47.850427] rcu-scale: rcu_scale_writer 0 has 100 measurements
> [ 47.850429] rcu-scale: rcu_scale_writer 1 has 100 measurements
> [ 47.850432] rcu-scale: rcu_scale_writer 2 has 100 measurements
> [ 47.861470] Dumping ftrace buffer:
> [ 47.861486] (ftrace buffer empty)
> [ 47.861491] rcu-scale: Test complete
> [ 63.668029] rcu-scale:!!! All grace periods expedited, no normal ones to measure!
> [ 63.668051] rcu-torture: Stopping rcu_scale_reader task
> [ 63.668074] rcu-torture: rcu_scale_reader is stopping
> [ 63.668089] rcu-torture: Stopping rcu_scale_reader task
> [ 63.668138] rcu-torture: rcu_scale_reader is stopping
> [ 63.668151] rcu-torture: Stopping rcu_scale_reader task
> [ 63.668191] rcu-torture: rcu_scale_reader is stopping
> [ 63.668204] rcu-torture: Stopping rcu_scale_reader task
> [ 63.668209] rcu-torture: rcu_scale_reader is stopping
> [ 63.668231] rcu-torture: Stopping rcu_scale_writer task
> [ 63.668241] rcu-torture: rcu_scale_writer is stopping
> [ 63.668249] rcu-scale: writer 0 gps: 102
> [ 63.668251] rcu-torture: Stopping rcu_scale_writer task
> [ 63.668260] rcu-torture: rcu_scale_writer is stopping
> [ 63.668268] rcu-scale: writer 1 gps: 102
> [ 63.668270] rcu-torture: Stopping rcu_scale_writer task
> [ 63.668279] rcu-torture: rcu_scale_writer is stopping
> [ 63.668287] rcu-scale: writer 2 gps: 101
> [ 63.668288] rcu-torture: Stopping rcu_scale_writer task
> [ 63.668293] rcu-torture: rcu_scale_writer is stopping
> [ 63.668310] rcu-scale: writer 3 gps: 102
> [ 63.668311] rcu-scale: start: 47784890510 end: 47787901801 duration: 3011291 gps: 407 batches: 2
> [ 63.668314] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 0 55830
> [ 63.669543] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 1 40421
> [ 63.669546] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 2 25268
> [ 63.669548] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 3 32703
> [ 63.669549] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 4 28624
> [ 63.669550] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 5 36967
> [ 63.669551] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 6 24686
> [ 63.669552] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 7 29598
> [ 63.669554] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 8 27026
> [ 63.669555] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 9 38789
> [ 63.669556] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 10 24398
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> [ 63.669559] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 12 27348
> [ 63.669560] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 13 36315
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> [ 63.669606] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 17 36272
> [ 63.669608] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 18 24237
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> [ 63.669620] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 28 26921
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> [ 63.669638] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 43 29113
> [ 63.669639] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 44 26915
> [ 63.669640] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 45 36394
> [ 63.669642] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 46 24247
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> [ 63.669644] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 48 27029
> [ 63.669645] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 49 36042
> [ 63.669646] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 50 24164
> [ 63.669648] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 51 28972
> [ 63.669649] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 52 26858
> [ 63.669650] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 53 36319
> [ 63.669651] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 54 24233
> [ 63.669652] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 55 28986
> [ 63.669654] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 56 26895
> [ 63.669655] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 57 36213
> [ 63.669656] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 58 24156
> [ 63.669657] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 59 28859
> [ 63.669658] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 60 26917
> [ 63.669660] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 61 36174
> [ 63.669661] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 62 24237
> [ 63.669662] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 63 28873
> [ 63.669663] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 64 27045
> [ 63.669664] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 65 36167
> [ 63.669666] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 66 29556
> [ 63.669667] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 67 28900
> [ 63.669668] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 68 27072
> [ 63.669669] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 69 36733
> [ 63.669670] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 70 24327
> [ 63.669672] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 71 28842
> [ 63.669673] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 72 27027
> [ 63.669674] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 73 36228
> [ 63.669675] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 74 24137
> [ 63.669677] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 75 29924
> [ 63.669678] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 76 26775
> [ 63.669679] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 77 36300
> [ 63.669680] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 78 24547
> [ 63.669681] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 79 28852
> [ 63.669683] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 80 26945
> [ 63.669684] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 81 36127
> [ 63.669685] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 82 24373
> [ 63.669686] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 83 28853
> [ 63.669687] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 84 26652
> [ 63.669689] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 85 35952
> [ 63.669690] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 86 24379
> [ 63.669691] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 87 28948
> [ 63.669692] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 88 26958
> [ 63.669693] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 89 36302
> [ 63.669695] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 90 24181
> [ 63.669696] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 91 29120
> [ 63.669697] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 92 27032
> [ 63.669698] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 93 36083
> [ 63.669699] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 94 24248
> [ 63.669701] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 95 29205
> [ 63.669702] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 96 26577
> [ 63.669703] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 97 36187
> [ 63.669704] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 98 24472
> [ 63.669705] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 99 28883
> [ 63.669707] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 100 31999
> [ 63.671532] rcu-scale: 0 writer-duration: 101 48271
>
>
> [ 63.671556] rcu-scale: 1 writer-duration: 0 53537
> [ 63.673442] rcu-scale: 1 writer-duration: 1 33311
> [ 63.673451] rcu-scale: 1 writer-duration: 2 28033
> [ 63.673457] rcu-scale: 1 writer-duration: 3 40200
> [ 63.673464] rcu-scale: 1 writer-duration: 4 25479
> [ 63.673470] rcu-scale: 1 writer-duration: 5 29908
> [ 63.673475] rcu-scale: 1 writer-duration: 6 27336
> [ 63.673481] rcu-scale: 1 writer-duration: 7 36948
> [ 63.673487] rcu-scale: 1 writer-duration: 8 24216
> [ 63.673494] rcu-scale: 1 writer-duration: 9 31639
> [ 63.673499] rcu-scale: 1 writer-duration: 10 27175
> [ 63.673506] rcu-scale: 1 writer-duration: 11 36695
> [ 63.673512] rcu-scale: 1 writer-duration: 12 24609
> [ 63.673518] rcu-scale: 1 writer-duration: 13 29140
> [ 63.673524] rcu-scale: 1 writer-duration: 14 26955
> [ 63.673530] rcu-scale: 1 writer-duration: 15 36122
> [ 63.673535] rcu-scale: 1 writer-duration: 16 24236
> [ 63.673541] rcu-scale: 1 writer-duration: 17 29137
> [ 63.673546] rcu-scale: 1 writer-duration: 18 26766
> [ 63.673552] rcu-scale: 1 writer-duration: 19 36207
> [ 63.673558] rcu-scale: 1 writer-duration: 20 24215
> [ 63.673563] rcu-scale: 1 writer-duration: 21 29239
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