Date:   Mon, 27 Jun 2022 14:30:19 +0300
From:   "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@...ux.intel.com>
To:     Peter Gonda <pgonda@...gle.com>
Cc:     Borislav Petkov <bp@...en8.de>, Andy Lutomirski <luto@...nel.org>,
        Sean Christopherson <seanjc@...gle.com>,
        Andrew Morton <akpm@...ux-foundation.org>,
        Joerg Roedel <jroedel@...e.de>,
        Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@...nel.org>,
        Andi Kleen <ak@...ux.intel.com>,
        Kuppuswamy Sathyanarayanan 
        <sathyanarayanan.kuppuswamy@...ux.intel.com>,
        David Rientjes <rientjes@...gle.com>,
        Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@...e.cz>,
        Tom Lendacky <thomas.lendacky@....com>,
        Thomas Gleixner <tglx@...utronix.de>,
        Peter Zijlstra <peterz@...radead.org>,
        Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@...hat.com>,
        Ingo Molnar <mingo@...hat.com>,
        Varad Gautam <varad.gautam@...e.com>,
        Dario Faggioli <dfaggioli@...e.com>,
        Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@...el.com>,
        Mike Rapoport <rppt@...nel.org>,
        David Hildenbrand <david@...hat.com>,
        marcelo.cerri@...onical.com, tim.gardner@...onical.com,
        khalid.elmously@...onical.com, philip.cox@...onical.com,
        the arch/x86 maintainers <x86@...nel.org>,
        linux-mm@...ck.org, linux-coco@...ts.linux.dev,
        linux-efi@...r.kernel.org, LKML <linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org>
Subject: Re: [PATCHv7 00/14] mm, x86/cc: Implement support for unaccepted
 memory

On Fri, Jun 24, 2022 at 10:37:10AM -0600, Peter Gonda wrote:
> On Tue, Jun 14, 2022 at 6:03 AM Kirill A. Shutemov
> <kirill.shutemov@...ux.intel.com> wrote:
> >
> > UEFI Specification version 2.9 introduces the concept of memory
> > acceptance: some Virtual Machine platforms, such as Intel TDX or AMD
> > SEV-SNP, requiring memory to be accepted before it can be used by the
> > guest. Accepting happens via a protocol specific for the Virtual
> > Machine platform.
> >
> > Accepting memory is costly and it makes VMM allocate memory for the
> > accepted guest physical address range. It's better to postpone memory
> > acceptance until memory is needed. It lowers boot time and reduces
> > memory overhead.
> >
> > The kernel needs to know what memory has been accepted. Firmware
> > communicates this information via memory map: a new memory type --
> > EFI_UNACCEPTED_MEMORY -- indicates such memory.
> >
> > Range-based tracking works fine for firmware, but it gets bulky for
> > the kernel: e820 has to be modified on every page acceptance. It leads
> > to table fragmentation, but there's a limited number of entries in the
> > e820 table
> >
> > Another option is to mark such memory as usable in e820 and track if the
> > range has been accepted in a bitmap. One bit in the bitmap represents
> > 2MiB in the address space: one 4k page is enough to track 64GiB or
> > physical address space.
> >
> > In the worst-case scenario -- a huge hole in the middle of the
> > address space -- It needs 256MiB to handle 4PiB of the address
> > space.
> >
> > Any unaccepted memory that is not aligned to 2M gets accepted upfront.
> >
> > The approach lowers boot time substantially. Boot to shell is ~2.5x
> > faster for 4G TDX VM and ~4x faster for 64G.
> >
> > TDX-specific code isolated from the core of unaccepted memory support. It
> > supposed to help to plug-in different implementation of unaccepted memory
> > such as SEV-SNP.
> >
> > The tree can be found here:
> >
> > https://github.com/intel/tdx.git guest-unaccepted-memory
> 
> Hi Kirill,
> 
> I have a couple questions about this feature mainly about how cloud
> customers can use this, I assume since this is a confidential compute
> feature a large number of the users of these patches will be cloud
> customers using TDX and SNP. One issue I see with these patches is how
> do we as a cloud provider know whether a customer's linux image
> supports this feature, if the image doesn't have these patches UEFI
> needs to fully validate the memory, if the image does we can use this
> new protocol. In GCE we supply our VMs with a version of the EDK2 FW
> and the customer doesn't input into which UEFI we run, as far as I can
> tell from the Azure SNP VM documentation it seems very similar. We
> need to somehow tell our UEFI in the VM what to do based on the image.
> The current way I can see to solve this issue would be to have our
> customers give us metadata about their VM's image but this seems kinda
> burdensome on our customers (I assume we'll have more features which
> both UEFI and kernel need to both support inorder to be turned on like
> this one) and error-prone, if a customer incorrectly labels their
> image it may fail to boot.. Has there been any discussion about how to
> solve this? My naive thoughts were what if UEFI and Kernel had some
> sort of feature negotiation. Maybe that could happen via an extension
> to exit boot services or a UEFI runtime driver, I'm not sure what's
> best here just some ideas.

Just as an idea, we can put info into UTS_VERSION which can be read from
the built bzImage. We have info on SMP and preeption there already.

Patch below does this:

$ file arch/x86/boot/bzImage
arch/x86/boot/bzImage: Linux kernel x86 boot executable bzImage, version 5.19.0-rc3-00016-g2f6aa48e28d9-dirty (kas@box) #2300 SMP PREEMPT_DYNAMIC UNACCEPTED_MEMORY Mon Jun 27 14:23:04 , RO-rootFS, swap_dev 0XC, Normal VGA

Note UNACCEPTED_MEMORY in the output.

Probably we want to have there info on which flavour of unaccepted memory
is supported (TDX/SNP/whatever). It is a bit more tricky.

Any opinion?

diff --git a/init/Makefile b/init/Makefile
index d82623d7fc8e..6688ea43e6bf 100644
--- a/init/Makefile
+++ b/init/Makefile
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ quiet_cmd_compile.h = CHK     $@
 	$(CONFIG_SHELL) $(srctree)/scripts/mkcompile_h $@	\
 	"$(UTS_MACHINE)" "$(CONFIG_SMP)" "$(CONFIG_PREEMPT_BUILD)"	\
 	"$(CONFIG_PREEMPT_DYNAMIC)" "$(CONFIG_PREEMPT_RT)" \
-	"$(CONFIG_CC_VERSION_TEXT)" "$(LD)"
+	"$(CONFIG_UNACCEPTED_MEMORY)" "$(CONFIG_CC_VERSION_TEXT)" "$(LD)"

 include/generated/compile.h: FORCE
 	$(call cmd,compile.h)
diff --git a/scripts/mkcompile_h b/scripts/mkcompile_h
index ca40a5258c87..efacfecad699 100755
--- a/scripts/mkcompile_h
+++ b/scripts/mkcompile_h
@@ -7,8 +7,9 @@ SMP=$3
 PREEMPT=$4
 PREEMPT_DYNAMIC=$5
 PREEMPT_RT=$6
-CC_VERSION="$7"
-LD=$8
+UNACCEPTED_MEMORY=$7
+CC_VERSION="$8"
+LD=$9

 # Do not expand names
 set -f
@@ -51,6 +52,10 @@ elif [ -n "$PREEMPT" ] ; then
 	CONFIG_FLAGS="$CONFIG_FLAGS PREEMPT"
 fi

+if [ -n "$UNACCEPTED_MEMORY" ] ; then
+	CONFIG_FLAGS="$CONFIG_FLAGS UNACCEPTED_MEMORY"
+fi
+
 # Truncate to maximum length
 UTS_LEN=64
 UTS_VERSION="$(echo $UTS_VERSION $CONFIG_FLAGS $TIMESTAMP | cut -b -$UTS_LEN)"
-- 
 Kirill A. Shutemov

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