Date:   Mon, 4 Jul 2022 10:22:20 +0100
From:   Kajetan Puchalski <kajetan.puchalski@....com>
To:     Florian Westphal <fw@...len.de>
Cc:     Pablo Neira Ayuso <pablo@...filter.org>,
        Jozsef Kadlecsik <kadlec@...filter.org>,
        "David S. Miller" <davem@...emloft.net>,
        Eric Dumazet <edumazet@...gle.com>,
        Jakub Kicinski <kuba@...nel.org>,
        Paolo Abeni <pabeni@...hat.com>, Mel Gorman <mgorman@...e.de>,
        lukasz.luba@....com, dietmar.eggemann@....com,
        netfilter-devel@...r.kernel.org, coreteam@...filter.org,
        netdev@...r.kernel.org, stable@...r.kernel.org,
        regressions@...ts.linux.dev, linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org
Subject: Re: [Regression] stress-ng udp-flood causes kernel panic on Ampere
 Altra

On Sat, Jul 02, 2022 at 10:56:51PM +0200, Florian Westphal wrote:
> > That would make sense, from further experiments I ran it somehow seems
> > to be related to the number of workers being spawned by stress-ng along
> > with the CPUs/cores involved.
> >
> > For instance, running the test with <=25 workers (--udp-flood 25 etc.)
> > results in the test running fine for at least 15 minutes.
> 
> Ok.  I will let it run for longer on the machines I have access to.
> 
> In mean time, you could test attached patch, its simple s/refcount_/atomic_/
> in nf_conntrack.
> 
> If mainline (patch vs. HEAD 69cb6c6556ad89620547318439) crashes for you
> but works with attached patch someone who understands aarch64 memory ordering
> would have to look more closely at refcount_XXX functions to see where they
> might differ from atomic_ ones.

I can confirm that the patch seems to solve the issue.
With it applied on top of the 5.19-rc5 tag the test runs fine for at
least 15 minutes which was not the case before so it looks like it is
that aarch64 memory ordering problem.

> 
> If it still crashes, please try below hunk in addition, although I don't see
> how it would make a difference.
> 
> This is the one spot where the original conversion replaced atomic_inc()
> with refcount_set(), this is on allocation, refcount is expected to be 0 so
> refcount_inc() triggers a warning hinting at a use-after free.
> 
> diff --git a/net/netfilter/nf_conntrack_core.c b/net/netfilter/nf_conntrack_core.c
> --- a/net/netfilter/nf_conntrack_core.c
> +++ b/net/netfilter/nf_conntrack_core.c
> @@ -1776,7 +1776,7 @@ init_conntrack(struct net *net, struct nf_conn *tmpl,
>                 __nf_ct_try_assign_helper(ct, tmpl, GFP_ATOMIC);
>  
>         /* Now it is going to be associated with an sk_buff, set refcount to 1. */
> -       atomic_set(&ct->ct_general.use, 1);
> +       atomic_inc(&ct->ct_general.use);
>  
>         if (exp) {
>                 if (exp->expectfn)

> From 4234018dff486bdc30f4fe4625c8da1a8e30c2f6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
> From: Florian Westphal <fw@...len.de>
> Date: Sat, 2 Jul 2022 22:42:57 +0200
> Subject: [PATCH 1/1] netfilter: conntrack: revert to atomic_t api
> 
> Just for testing.
> ---
>  include/linux/netfilter/nf_conntrack_common.h |  6 ++---
>  include/net/netfilter/nf_conntrack.h          |  2 +-
>  net/netfilter/nf_conntrack_core.c             | 24 +++++++++----------
>  net/netfilter/nf_conntrack_expect.c           |  2 +-
>  net/netfilter/nf_conntrack_netlink.c          |  6 ++---
>  net/netfilter/nf_conntrack_standalone.c       |  4 ++--
>  net/netfilter/nf_flow_table_core.c            |  2 +-
>  net/netfilter/nft_ct.c                        |  4 ++--
>  net/netfilter/xt_CT.c                         |  2 +-
>  9 files changed, 26 insertions(+), 26 deletions(-)
> 
> diff --git a/include/linux/netfilter/nf_conntrack_common.h b/include/linux/netfilter/nf_conntrack_common.h
> index 2770db2fa080..48a78944182d 100644
> --- a/include/linux/netfilter/nf_conntrack_common.h
> +++ b/include/linux/netfilter/nf_conntrack_common.h
> @@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ struct ip_conntrack_stat {
>  #define NFCT_PTRMASK	~(NFCT_INFOMASK)
>  
>  struct nf_conntrack {
> -	refcount_t use;
> +	atomic_t use;
>  };
>  
>  void nf_conntrack_destroy(struct nf_conntrack *nfct);
> @@ -33,13 +33,13 @@ void nf_conntrack_destroy(struct nf_conntrack *nfct);
>  /* like nf_ct_put, but without module dependency on nf_conntrack */
>  static inline void nf_conntrack_put(struct nf_conntrack *nfct)
>  {
> -	if (nfct && refcount_dec_and_test(&nfct->use))
> +	if (nfct && atomic_dec_and_test(&nfct->use))
>  		nf_conntrack_destroy(nfct);
>  }
>  static inline void nf_conntrack_get(struct nf_conntrack *nfct)
>  {
>  	if (nfct)
> -		refcount_inc(&nfct->use);
> +		atomic_inc(&nfct->use);
>  }
>  
>  #endif /* _NF_CONNTRACK_COMMON_H */
> diff --git a/include/net/netfilter/nf_conntrack.h b/include/net/netfilter/nf_conntrack.h
> index a32be8aa7ed2..9fab0c8835bb 100644
> --- a/include/net/netfilter/nf_conntrack.h
> +++ b/include/net/netfilter/nf_conntrack.h
> @@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ void nf_ct_destroy(struct nf_conntrack *nfct);
>  /* decrement reference count on a conntrack */
>  static inline void nf_ct_put(struct nf_conn *ct)
>  {
> -	if (ct && refcount_dec_and_test(&ct->ct_general.use))
> +	if (ct && atomic_dec_and_test(&ct->ct_general.use))
>  		nf_ct_destroy(&ct->ct_general);
>  }
>  
> diff --git a/net/netfilter/nf_conntrack_core.c b/net/netfilter/nf_conntrack_core.c
> index 082a2fd8d85b..4469e49d78a7 100644
> --- a/net/netfilter/nf_conntrack_core.c
> +++ b/net/netfilter/nf_conntrack_core.c
> @@ -554,7 +554,7 @@ struct nf_conn *nf_ct_tmpl_alloc(struct net *net,
>  	tmpl->status = IPS_TEMPLATE;
>  	write_pnet(&tmpl->ct_net, net);
>  	nf_ct_zone_add(tmpl, zone);
> -	refcount_set(&tmpl->ct_general.use, 1);
> +	atomic_set(&tmpl->ct_general.use, 1);
>  
>  	return tmpl;
>  }
> @@ -586,7 +586,7 @@ void nf_ct_destroy(struct nf_conntrack *nfct)
>  	struct nf_conn *ct = (struct nf_conn *)nfct;
>  
>  	pr_debug("%s(%p)\n", __func__, ct);
> -	WARN_ON(refcount_read(&nfct->use) != 0);
> +	WARN_ON(atomic_read(&nfct->use) != 0);
>  
>  	if (unlikely(nf_ct_is_template(ct))) {
>  		nf_ct_tmpl_free(ct);
> @@ -726,7 +726,7 @@ nf_ct_match(const struct nf_conn *ct1, const struct nf_conn *ct2)
>  /* caller must hold rcu readlock and none of the nf_conntrack_locks */
>  static void nf_ct_gc_expired(struct nf_conn *ct)
>  {
> -	if (!refcount_inc_not_zero(&ct->ct_general.use))
> +	if (!atomic_inc_not_zero(&ct->ct_general.use))
>  		return;
>  
>  	if (nf_ct_should_gc(ct))
> @@ -794,7 +794,7 @@ __nf_conntrack_find_get(struct net *net, const struct nf_conntrack_zone *zone,
>  		 * in, try to obtain a reference and re-check tuple
>  		 */
>  		ct = nf_ct_tuplehash_to_ctrack(h);
> -		if (likely(refcount_inc_not_zero(&ct->ct_general.use))) {
> +		if (likely(atomic_inc_not_zero(&ct->ct_general.use))) {
>  			if (likely(nf_ct_key_equal(h, tuple, zone, net)))
>  				goto found;
>  
> @@ -923,7 +923,7 @@ nf_conntrack_hash_check_insert(struct nf_conn *ct)
>  
>  	smp_wmb();
>  	/* The caller holds a reference to this object */
> -	refcount_set(&ct->ct_general.use, 2);
> +	atomic_set(&ct->ct_general.use, 2);
>  	__nf_conntrack_hash_insert(ct, hash, reply_hash);
>  	nf_conntrack_double_unlock(hash, reply_hash);
>  	NF_CT_STAT_INC(net, insert);
> @@ -981,7 +981,7 @@ static void __nf_conntrack_insert_prepare(struct nf_conn *ct)
>  {
>  	struct nf_conn_tstamp *tstamp;
>  
> -	refcount_inc(&ct->ct_general.use);
> +	atomic_inc(&ct->ct_general.use);
>  
>  	/* set conntrack timestamp, if enabled. */
>  	tstamp = nf_conn_tstamp_find(ct);
> @@ -1384,7 +1384,7 @@ static unsigned int early_drop_list(struct net *net,
>  		    nf_ct_is_dying(tmp))
>  			continue;
>  
> -		if (!refcount_inc_not_zero(&tmp->ct_general.use))
> +		if (!atomic_inc_not_zero(&tmp->ct_general.use))
>  			continue;
>  
>  		/* kill only if still in same netns -- might have moved due to
> @@ -1533,7 +1533,7 @@ static void gc_worker(struct work_struct *work)
>  				continue;
>  
>  			/* need to take reference to avoid possible races */
> -			if (!refcount_inc_not_zero(&tmp->ct_general.use))
> +			if (!atomic_inc_not_zero(&tmp->ct_general.use))
>  				continue;
>  
>  			if (gc_worker_skip_ct(tmp)) {
> @@ -1640,7 +1640,7 @@ __nf_conntrack_alloc(struct net *net,
>  	/* Because we use RCU lookups, we set ct_general.use to zero before
>  	 * this is inserted in any list.
>  	 */
> -	refcount_set(&ct->ct_general.use, 0);
> +	atomic_set(&ct->ct_general.use, 0);
>  	return ct;
>  out:
>  	atomic_dec(&cnet->count);
> @@ -1665,7 +1665,7 @@ void nf_conntrack_free(struct nf_conn *ct)
>  	/* A freed object has refcnt == 0, that's
>  	 * the golden rule for SLAB_TYPESAFE_BY_RCU
>  	 */
> -	WARN_ON(refcount_read(&ct->ct_general.use) != 0);
> +	WARN_ON(atomic_read(&ct->ct_general.use) != 0);
>  
>  	if (ct->status & IPS_SRC_NAT_DONE) {
>  		const struct nf_nat_hook *nat_hook;
> @@ -1776,7 +1776,7 @@ init_conntrack(struct net *net, struct nf_conn *tmpl,
>  		__nf_ct_try_assign_helper(ct, tmpl, GFP_ATOMIC);
>  
>  	/* Now it is going to be associated with an sk_buff, set refcount to 1. */
> -	refcount_set(&ct->ct_general.use, 1);
> +	atomic_set(&ct->ct_general.use, 1);
>  
>  	if (exp) {
>  		if (exp->expectfn)
> @@ -2390,7 +2390,7 @@ get_next_corpse(int (*iter)(struct nf_conn *i, void *data),
>  
>  	return NULL;
>  found:
> -	refcount_inc(&ct->ct_general.use);
> +	atomic_inc(&ct->ct_general.use);
>  	spin_unlock(lockp);
>  	local_bh_enable();
>  	return ct;
> diff --git a/net/netfilter/nf_conntrack_expect.c b/net/netfilter/nf_conntrack_expect.c
> index 96948e98ec53..84cb05eae410 100644
> --- a/net/netfilter/nf_conntrack_expect.c
> +++ b/net/netfilter/nf_conntrack_expect.c
> @@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ nf_ct_find_expectation(struct net *net,
>  	 * can be sure the ct cannot disappear underneath.
>  	 */
>  	if (unlikely(nf_ct_is_dying(exp->master) ||
> -		     !refcount_inc_not_zero(&exp->master->ct_general.use)))
> +		     !atomic_inc_not_zero(&exp->master->ct_general.use)))
>  		return NULL;
>  
>  	if (exp->flags & NF_CT_EXPECT_PERMANENT) {
> diff --git a/net/netfilter/nf_conntrack_netlink.c b/net/netfilter/nf_conntrack_netlink.c
> index 722af5e309ba..d5de0e580e6c 100644
> --- a/net/netfilter/nf_conntrack_netlink.c
> +++ b/net/netfilter/nf_conntrack_netlink.c
> @@ -514,7 +514,7 @@ static int ctnetlink_dump_id(struct sk_buff *skb, const struct nf_conn *ct)
>  
>  static int ctnetlink_dump_use(struct sk_buff *skb, const struct nf_conn *ct)
>  {
> -	if (nla_put_be32(skb, CTA_USE, htonl(refcount_read(&ct->ct_general.use))))
> +	if (nla_put_be32(skb, CTA_USE, htonl(atomic_read(&ct->ct_general.use))))
>  		goto nla_put_failure;
>  	return 0;
>  
> @@ -1204,7 +1204,7 @@ ctnetlink_dump_table(struct sk_buff *skb, struct netlink_callback *cb)
>  			ct = nf_ct_tuplehash_to_ctrack(h);
>  			if (nf_ct_is_expired(ct)) {
>  				if (i < ARRAY_SIZE(nf_ct_evict) &&
> -				    refcount_inc_not_zero(&ct->ct_general.use))
> +				    atomic_inc_not_zero(&ct->ct_general.use))
>  					nf_ct_evict[i++] = ct;
>  				continue;
>  			}
> @@ -1747,7 +1747,7 @@ static int ctnetlink_dump_one_entry(struct sk_buff *skb,
>  				  NFNL_MSG_TYPE(cb->nlh->nlmsg_type),
>  				  ct, dying, 0);
>  	if (res < 0) {
> -		if (!refcount_inc_not_zero(&ct->ct_general.use))
> +		if (!atomic_inc_not_zero(&ct->ct_general.use))
>  			return 0;
>  
>  		ctx->last = ct;
> diff --git a/net/netfilter/nf_conntrack_standalone.c b/net/netfilter/nf_conntrack_standalone.c
> index 6ad7bbc90d38..badd3f219533 100644
> --- a/net/netfilter/nf_conntrack_standalone.c
> +++ b/net/netfilter/nf_conntrack_standalone.c
> @@ -303,7 +303,7 @@ static int ct_seq_show(struct seq_file *s, void *v)
>  	int ret = 0;
>  
>  	WARN_ON(!ct);
> -	if (unlikely(!refcount_inc_not_zero(&ct->ct_general.use)))
> +	if (unlikely(!atomic_inc_not_zero(&ct->ct_general.use)))
>  		return 0;
>  
>  	if (nf_ct_should_gc(ct)) {
> @@ -370,7 +370,7 @@ static int ct_seq_show(struct seq_file *s, void *v)
>  	ct_show_zone(s, ct, NF_CT_DEFAULT_ZONE_DIR);
>  	ct_show_delta_time(s, ct);
>  
> -	seq_printf(s, "use=%u\n", refcount_read(&ct->ct_general.use));
> +	seq_printf(s, "use=%u\n", atomic_read(&ct->ct_general.use));
>  
>  	if (seq_has_overflowed(s))
>  		goto release;
> diff --git a/net/netfilter/nf_flow_table_core.c b/net/netfilter/nf_flow_table_core.c
> index f2def06d1070..8b3f91a60ba2 100644
> --- a/net/netfilter/nf_flow_table_core.c
> +++ b/net/netfilter/nf_flow_table_core.c
> @@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ struct flow_offload *flow_offload_alloc(struct nf_conn *ct)
>  	struct flow_offload *flow;
>  
>  	if (unlikely(nf_ct_is_dying(ct) ||
> -	    !refcount_inc_not_zero(&ct->ct_general.use)))
> +	    !atomic_inc_not_zero(&ct->ct_general.use)))
>  		return NULL;
>  
>  	flow = kzalloc(sizeof(*flow), GFP_ATOMIC);
> diff --git a/net/netfilter/nft_ct.c b/net/netfilter/nft_ct.c
> index d8e1614918a1..1b6ead61a8f1 100644
> --- a/net/netfilter/nft_ct.c
> +++ b/net/netfilter/nft_ct.c
> @@ -260,8 +260,8 @@ static void nft_ct_set_zone_eval(const struct nft_expr *expr,
>  
>  	ct = this_cpu_read(nft_ct_pcpu_template);
>  
> -	if (likely(refcount_read(&ct->ct_general.use) == 1)) {
> -		refcount_inc(&ct->ct_general.use);
> +	if (likely(atomic_read(&ct->ct_general.use) == 1)) {
> +		atomic_inc(&ct->ct_general.use);
>  		nf_ct_zone_add(ct, &zone);
>  	} else {
>  		/* previous skb got queued to userspace, allocate temporary
> diff --git a/net/netfilter/xt_CT.c b/net/netfilter/xt_CT.c
> index 267757b0392a..cf2f8c1d4fb5 100644
> --- a/net/netfilter/xt_CT.c
> +++ b/net/netfilter/xt_CT.c
> @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ static inline int xt_ct_target(struct sk_buff *skb, struct nf_conn *ct)
>  		return XT_CONTINUE;
>  
>  	if (ct) {
> -		refcount_inc(&ct->ct_general.use);
> +		atomic_inc(&ct->ct_general.use);
>  		nf_ct_set(skb, ct, IP_CT_NEW);
>  	} else {
>  		nf_ct_set(skb, ct, IP_CT_UNTRACKED);
> -- 
> 2.35.1
> 

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