Date:   Wed, 6 Jul 2022 09:40:09 -0600
From:   Alex Williamson <alex.williamson@...hat.com>
To:     Abhishek Sahu <abhsahu@...dia.com>
Cc:     Cornelia Huck <cohuck@...hat.com>,
        Yishai Hadas <yishaih@...dia.com>,
        Jason Gunthorpe <jgg@...dia.com>,
        Shameer Kolothum <shameerali.kolothum.thodi@...wei.com>,
        Kevin Tian <kevin.tian@...el.com>,
        "Rafael J . Wysocki" <rafael@...nel.org>,
        Max Gurtovoy <mgurtovoy@...dia.com>,
        Bjorn Helgaas <bhelgaas@...gle.com>,
        <linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org>, <kvm@...r.kernel.org>,
        <linux-pm@...r.kernel.org>, <linux-pci@...r.kernel.org>
Subject: Re: [PATCH v4 6/6] vfio/pci: Add support for virtual PME

On Fri, 1 Jul 2022 16:38:14 +0530
Abhishek Sahu <abhsahu@...dia.com> wrote:

> If the PCI device is in low power state and the device requires
> wake-up, then it can generate PME (Power Management Events). Mostly
> these PME events will be propagated to the root port and then the
> root port will generate the system interrupt. Then the OS should
> identify the device which generated the PME and should resume
> the device.
> 
> We can implement a similar virtual PME framework where if the device
> already went into the runtime suspended state and then there is any
> wake-up on the host side, then it will send the virtual PME
> notification to the guest. This virtual PME will be helpful for the cases
> where the device will not be suspended again if there is any wake-up
> triggered by the host. Following is the overall approach regarding
> the virtual PME.
> 
> 1. Add one more event like VFIO_PCI_ERR_IRQ_INDEX named
>    VFIO_PCI_PME_IRQ_INDEX and do the required code changes to get/set
>    this new IRQ.
> 
> 2. From the guest side, the guest needs to enable eventfd for the
>    virtual PME notification.
> 
> 3. In the vfio-pci driver, the PME support bits are currently
>    virtualized and set to 0. We can set PME capability support for all
>    the power states. This PME capability support is independent of the
>    physical PME support.
> 
> 4. The PME enable (PME_En bit in Power Management Control/Status
>    Register) and PME status (PME_Status bit in Power Management
>    Control/Status Register) are also virtualized currently.
>    The write support for PME_En bit can be enabled.
> 
> 5. The PME_Status bit is a write-1-clear bit where the write with
>    zero value will have no effect and write with 1 value will clear the
>    bit. The write for this bit will be trapped inside
>    vfio_pm_config_write() similar to PCI_PM_CTRL write for PM_STATES.
> 
> 6. When the host gets a request for resuming the device other than from
>    low power exit feature IOCTL, then PME_Status bit will be set.
>    According to [PCIe v5 7.5.2.2],
>      "PME_Status - This bit is Set when the Function would normally
>       generate a PME signal. The value of this bit is not affected by
>       the value of the PME_En bit."
> 
>    So even if PME_En bit is not set, we can set PME_Status bit.
> 
> 7. If the guest has enabled PME_En and registered for PME events
>    through eventfd, then the usage count will be incremented to prevent
>    the device to go into the suspended state and notify the guest through
>    eventfd trigger.
> 
> The virtual PME can help in handling physical PME also. When
> physical PME comes, then also the runtime resume will be called. If
> the guest has registered for virtual PME, then it will be sent in this
> case also.
> 
> * Implementation for handling the virtual PME on the hypervisor:
> 
> If we take the implementation in Linux OS, then during runtime suspend
> time, then it calls __pci_enable_wake(). It internally enables PME
> through pci_pme_active() and also enables the ACPI side wake-up
> through platform_pci_set_wakeup(). To handle the PME, the hypervisor has
> the following two options:
> 
> 1. Create a virtual root port for the VFIO device and trigger
>    interrupt when the PME comes. It will call pcie_pme_irq() which will
>    resume the device.
> 
> 2. Create a virtual ACPI _PRW resource and associate it with the device
>    itself. In _PRW, any GPE (General Purpose Event) can be assigned for
>    the wake-up. When PME comes, then GPE can be triggered by the
>    hypervisor. GPE interrupt will call pci_acpi_wake_dev() function
>    internally and it will resume the device.

Do we really need to implement PME emulation in the kernel or is it
sufficient for userspace to simply register a one-shot eventfd when
SET'ing the low power feature and QEMU can provide the PME emulation
based on that signaling?  Thanks,

Alex

> 
> Signed-off-by: Abhishek Sahu <abhsahu@...dia.com>
> ---
>  drivers/vfio/pci/vfio_pci_config.c | 39 +++++++++++++++++++++------
>  drivers/vfio/pci/vfio_pci_core.c   | 43 ++++++++++++++++++++++++------
>  drivers/vfio/pci/vfio_pci_intrs.c  | 18 +++++++++++++
>  include/linux/vfio_pci_core.h      |  2 ++
>  include/uapi/linux/vfio.h          |  1 +
>  5 files changed, 87 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)
> 
> diff --git a/drivers/vfio/pci/vfio_pci_config.c b/drivers/vfio/pci/vfio_pci_config.c
> index 21a4743d011f..a06375a03758 100644
> --- a/drivers/vfio/pci/vfio_pci_config.c
> +++ b/drivers/vfio/pci/vfio_pci_config.c
> @@ -719,6 +719,20 @@ static int vfio_pm_config_write(struct vfio_pci_core_device *vdev, int pos,
>  	if (count < 0)
>  		return count;
>  
> +	/*
> +	 * PME_STATUS is write-1-clear bit. If PME_STATUS is 1, then clear the
> +	 * bit in vconfig. The PME_STATUS is in the upper byte of the control
> +	 * register and user can do single byte write also.
> +	 */
> +	if (offset <= PCI_PM_CTRL + 1 && offset + count > PCI_PM_CTRL + 1) {
> +		if (le32_to_cpu(val) &
> +		    (PCI_PM_CTRL_PME_STATUS >> (offset - PCI_PM_CTRL) * 8)) {
> +			__le16 *ctrl = (__le16 *)&vdev->vconfig
> +					[vdev->pm_cap_offset + PCI_PM_CTRL];
> +			*ctrl &= ~cpu_to_le16(PCI_PM_CTRL_PME_STATUS);
> +		}
> +	}
> +
>  	if (offset == PCI_PM_CTRL) {
>  		pci_power_t state;
>  
> @@ -771,14 +785,16 @@ static int __init init_pci_cap_pm_perm(struct perm_bits *perm)
>  	 * the user change power state, but we trap and initiate the
>  	 * change ourselves, so the state bits are read-only.
>  	 *
> -	 * The guest can't process PME from D3cold so virtualize PME_Status
> -	 * and PME_En bits. The vconfig bits will be cleared during device
> -	 * capability initialization.
> +	 * The guest can't process physical PME from D3cold so virtualize
> +	 * PME_Status and PME_En bits. These bits will be used for the
> +	 * virtual PME between host and guest. The vconfig bits will be
> +	 * updated during device capability initialization. PME_Status is
> +	 * write-1-clear bit, so it is read-only. We trap and update the
> +	 * vconfig bit manually during write.
>  	 */
>  	p_setd(perm, PCI_PM_CTRL,
>  	       PCI_PM_CTRL_PME_ENABLE | PCI_PM_CTRL_PME_STATUS,
> -	       ~(PCI_PM_CTRL_PME_ENABLE | PCI_PM_CTRL_PME_STATUS |
> -		 PCI_PM_CTRL_STATE_MASK));
> +	       ~(PCI_PM_CTRL_STATE_MASK | PCI_PM_CTRL_PME_STATUS));
>  
>  	return 0;
>  }
> @@ -1454,8 +1470,13 @@ static void vfio_update_pm_vconfig_bytes(struct vfio_pci_core_device *vdev,
>  	__le16 *pmc = (__le16 *)&vdev->vconfig[offset + PCI_PM_PMC];
>  	__le16 *ctrl = (__le16 *)&vdev->vconfig[offset + PCI_PM_CTRL];
>  
> -	/* Clear vconfig PME_Support, PME_Status, and PME_En bits */
> -	*pmc &= ~cpu_to_le16(PCI_PM_CAP_PME_MASK);
> +	/*
> +	 * Set the vconfig PME_Support bits. The PME_Status is being used for
> +	 * virtual PME support and is not dependent upon the physical
> +	 * PME support.
> +	 */
> +	*pmc |= cpu_to_le16(PCI_PM_CAP_PME_MASK);
> +	/* Clear vconfig PME_Support and PME_En bits */
>  	*ctrl &= ~cpu_to_le16(PCI_PM_CTRL_PME_ENABLE | PCI_PM_CTRL_PME_STATUS);
>  }
>  
> @@ -1582,8 +1603,10 @@ static int vfio_cap_init(struct vfio_pci_core_device *vdev)
>  		if (ret)
>  			return ret;
>  
> -		if (cap == PCI_CAP_ID_PM)
> +		if (cap == PCI_CAP_ID_PM) {
> +			vdev->pm_cap_offset = pos;
>  			vfio_update_pm_vconfig_bytes(vdev, pos);
> +		}
>  
>  		prev = &vdev->vconfig[pos + PCI_CAP_LIST_NEXT];
>  		pos = next;
> diff --git a/drivers/vfio/pci/vfio_pci_core.c b/drivers/vfio/pci/vfio_pci_core.c
> index 1ddaaa6ccef5..6c1225bc2aeb 100644
> --- a/drivers/vfio/pci/vfio_pci_core.c
> +++ b/drivers/vfio/pci/vfio_pci_core.c
> @@ -319,14 +319,35 @@ static int vfio_pci_core_runtime_resume(struct device *dev)
>  	 *   the low power state or closed the device.
>  	 * - If there is device access on the host side.
>  	 *
> -	 * For the second case, check if re-entry to the low power state is
> -	 * allowed. If not, then increment the usage count so that runtime PM
> -	 * framework won't suspend the device and set the 'pm_runtime_resumed'
> -	 * flag.
> +	 * For the second case:
> +	 * - The virtual PME_STATUS bit will be set. If PME_ENABLE bit is set
> +	 *   and user has registered for virtual PME events, then send the PME
> +	 *   virtual PME event.
> +	 * - Check if re-entry to the low power state is not allowed.
> +	 *
> +	 * For the above conditions, increment the usage count so that
> +	 * runtime PM framework won't suspend the device and set the
> +	 * 'pm_runtime_resumed' flag.
>  	 */
> -	if (vdev->pm_runtime_engaged && !vdev->pm_runtime_reentry_allowed) {
> -		pm_runtime_get_noresume(dev);
> -		vdev->pm_runtime_resumed = true;
> +	if (vdev->pm_runtime_engaged) {
> +		bool pme_triggered = false;
> +		__le16 *ctrl = (__le16 *)&vdev->vconfig
> +				[vdev->pm_cap_offset + PCI_PM_CTRL];
> +
> +		*ctrl |= cpu_to_le16(PCI_PM_CTRL_PME_STATUS);
> +		if (le16_to_cpu(*ctrl) & PCI_PM_CTRL_PME_ENABLE) {
> +			mutex_lock(&vdev->igate);
> +			if (vdev->pme_trigger) {
> +				pme_triggered = true;
> +				eventfd_signal(vdev->pme_trigger, 1);
> +			}
> +			mutex_unlock(&vdev->igate);
> +		}
> +
> +		if (!vdev->pm_runtime_reentry_allowed || pme_triggered) {
> +			pm_runtime_get_noresume(dev);
> +			vdev->pm_runtime_resumed = true;
> +		}
>  	}
>  	up_write(&vdev->memory_lock);
>  
> @@ -586,6 +607,10 @@ void vfio_pci_core_close_device(struct vfio_device *core_vdev)
>  		eventfd_ctx_put(vdev->req_trigger);
>  		vdev->req_trigger = NULL;
>  	}
> +	if (vdev->pme_trigger) {
> +		eventfd_ctx_put(vdev->pme_trigger);
> +		vdev->pme_trigger = NULL;
> +	}
>  	mutex_unlock(&vdev->igate);
>  }
>  EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(vfio_pci_core_close_device);
> @@ -639,7 +664,8 @@ static int vfio_pci_get_irq_count(struct vfio_pci_core_device *vdev, int irq_typ
>  	} else if (irq_type == VFIO_PCI_ERR_IRQ_INDEX) {
>  		if (pci_is_pcie(vdev->pdev))
>  			return 1;
> -	} else if (irq_type == VFIO_PCI_REQ_IRQ_INDEX) {
> +	} else if (irq_type == VFIO_PCI_REQ_IRQ_INDEX ||
> +		   irq_type == VFIO_PCI_PME_IRQ_INDEX) {
>  		return 1;
>  	}
>  
> @@ -985,6 +1011,7 @@ long vfio_pci_core_ioctl(struct vfio_device *core_vdev, unsigned int cmd,
>  		switch (info.index) {
>  		case VFIO_PCI_INTX_IRQ_INDEX ... VFIO_PCI_MSIX_IRQ_INDEX:
>  		case VFIO_PCI_REQ_IRQ_INDEX:
> +		case VFIO_PCI_PME_IRQ_INDEX:
>  			break;
>  		case VFIO_PCI_ERR_IRQ_INDEX:
>  			if (pci_is_pcie(vdev->pdev))
> diff --git a/drivers/vfio/pci/vfio_pci_intrs.c b/drivers/vfio/pci/vfio_pci_intrs.c
> index 1a37db99df48..db4180687a74 100644
> --- a/drivers/vfio/pci/vfio_pci_intrs.c
> +++ b/drivers/vfio/pci/vfio_pci_intrs.c
> @@ -639,6 +639,17 @@ static int vfio_pci_set_req_trigger(struct vfio_pci_core_device *vdev,
>  					       count, flags, data);
>  }
>  
> +static int vfio_pci_set_pme_trigger(struct vfio_pci_core_device *vdev,
> +				    unsigned index, unsigned start,
> +				    unsigned count, uint32_t flags, void *data)
> +{
> +	if (index != VFIO_PCI_PME_IRQ_INDEX || start != 0 || count > 1)
> +		return -EINVAL;
> +
> +	return vfio_pci_set_ctx_trigger_single(&vdev->pme_trigger,
> +					       count, flags, data);
> +}
> +
>  int vfio_pci_set_irqs_ioctl(struct vfio_pci_core_device *vdev, uint32_t flags,
>  			    unsigned index, unsigned start, unsigned count,
>  			    void *data)
> @@ -688,6 +699,13 @@ int vfio_pci_set_irqs_ioctl(struct vfio_pci_core_device *vdev, uint32_t flags,
>  			break;
>  		}
>  		break;
> +	case VFIO_PCI_PME_IRQ_INDEX:
> +		switch (flags & VFIO_IRQ_SET_ACTION_TYPE_MASK) {
> +		case VFIO_IRQ_SET_ACTION_TRIGGER:
> +			func = vfio_pci_set_pme_trigger;
> +			break;
> +		}
> +		break;
>  	}
>  
>  	if (!func)
> diff --git a/include/linux/vfio_pci_core.h b/include/linux/vfio_pci_core.h
> index 18cc83b767b8..ee2646d820c2 100644
> --- a/include/linux/vfio_pci_core.h
> +++ b/include/linux/vfio_pci_core.h
> @@ -102,6 +102,7 @@ struct vfio_pci_core_device {
>  	bool			bar_mmap_supported[PCI_STD_NUM_BARS];
>  	u8			*pci_config_map;
>  	u8			*vconfig;
> +	u8			pm_cap_offset;
>  	struct perm_bits	*msi_perm;
>  	spinlock_t		irqlock;
>  	struct mutex		igate;
> @@ -133,6 +134,7 @@ struct vfio_pci_core_device {
>  	int			ioeventfds_nr;
>  	struct eventfd_ctx	*err_trigger;
>  	struct eventfd_ctx	*req_trigger;
> +	struct eventfd_ctx	*pme_trigger;
>  	struct list_head	dummy_resources_list;
>  	struct mutex		ioeventfds_lock;
>  	struct list_head	ioeventfds_list;
> diff --git a/include/uapi/linux/vfio.h b/include/uapi/linux/vfio.h
> index 7e00de5c21ea..08170950d655 100644
> --- a/include/uapi/linux/vfio.h
> +++ b/include/uapi/linux/vfio.h
> @@ -621,6 +621,7 @@ enum {
>  	VFIO_PCI_MSIX_IRQ_INDEX,
>  	VFIO_PCI_ERR_IRQ_INDEX,
>  	VFIO_PCI_REQ_IRQ_INDEX,
> +	VFIO_PCI_PME_IRQ_INDEX,
>  	VFIO_PCI_NUM_IRQS
>  };
>  

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