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Message-Id: <7873bdb7b2e5d2bc0b2eb6ca0b324af9a0ba27a0.1659052063.git.bristot@kernel.org>
Date: Fri, 29 Jul 2022 11:38:49 +0200
From: Daniel Bristot de Oliveira <bristot@...nel.org>
To: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@...dmis.org>
Cc: Daniel Bristot de Oliveira <bristot@...nel.org>,
Wim Van Sebroeck <wim@...ux-watchdog.org>,
Guenter Roeck <linux@...ck-us.net>,
Jonathan Corbet <corbet@....net>,
Ingo Molnar <mingo@...hat.com>,
Thomas Gleixner <tglx@...utronix.de>,
Peter Zijlstra <peterz@...radead.org>,
Will Deacon <will@...nel.org>,
Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@....com>,
Marco Elver <elver@...gle.com>,
Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@...gle.com>,
"Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@...nel.org>,
Shuah Khan <skhan@...uxfoundation.org>,
Gabriele Paoloni <gpaoloni@...hat.com>,
Juri Lelli <juri.lelli@...hat.com>,
Clark Williams <williams@...hat.com>,
Tao Zhou <tao.zhou@...ux.dev>,
Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@...radead.org>,
linux-doc@...r.kernel.org, linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org,
linux-trace-devel@...r.kernel.org
Subject: [PATCH V9 10/16] Documentation/rv: Add deterministic automata monitor synthesis documentation
Add the da_monitor_synthesis.rst introduces some concepts behind the
Deterministic Automata (DA) monitor synthesis and interface.
Cc: Wim Van Sebroeck <wim@...ux-watchdog.org>
Cc: Guenter Roeck <linux@...ck-us.net>
Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@....net>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@...dmis.org>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@...hat.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@...utronix.de>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@...radead.org>
Cc: Will Deacon <will@...nel.org>
Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@....com>
Cc: Marco Elver <elver@...gle.com>
Cc: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@...gle.com>
Cc: "Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@...nel.org>
Cc: Shuah Khan <skhan@...uxfoundation.org>
Cc: Gabriele Paoloni <gpaoloni@...hat.com>
Cc: Juri Lelli <juri.lelli@...hat.com>
Cc: Clark Williams <williams@...hat.com>
Cc: Tao Zhou <tao.zhou@...ux.dev>
Cc: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@...radead.org>
Cc: linux-doc@...r.kernel.org
Cc: linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org
Cc: linux-trace-devel@...r.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Daniel Bristot de Oliveira <bristot@...nel.org>
---
.../trace/rv/da_monitor_synthesis.rst | 147 ++++++++++++++++++
Documentation/trace/rv/index.rst | 1 +
include/rv/da_monitor.h | 3 +
tools/verification/dot2/dot2k | 3 +
tools/verification/dot2/dot2k.py | 3 +
5 files changed, 157 insertions(+)
create mode 100644 Documentation/trace/rv/da_monitor_synthesis.rst
diff --git a/Documentation/trace/rv/da_monitor_synthesis.rst b/Documentation/trace/rv/da_monitor_synthesis.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..0dbdcd1e62b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/trace/rv/da_monitor_synthesis.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
+Deterministic Automata Monitor Synthesis
+========================================
+
+The starting point for the application of runtime verification (RV) technics
+is the *specification* or *modeling* of the desired (or undesired) behavior
+of the system under scrutiny.
+
+The formal representation needs to be then *synthesized* into a *monitor*
+that can then be used in the analysis of the trace of the system. The
+*monitor* connects to the system via an *instrumentation* that converts
+the events from the *system* to the events of the *specification*.
+
+
+In Linux terms, the runtime verification monitors are encapsulated inside
+the *RV monitor* abstraction. The RV monitor includes a set of instances
+of the monitor (per-cpu monitor, per-task monitor, and so on), the helper
+functions that glue the monitor to the system reference model, and the
+trace output as a reaction to event parsing and exceptions, as depicted
+below::
+
+ Linux +----- RV Monitor ----------------------------------+ Formal
+ Realm | | Realm
+ +-------------------+ +----------------+ +-----------------+
+ | Linux kernel | | Monitor | | Reference |
+ | Tracing | -> | Instance(s) | <- | Model |
+ | (instrumentation) | | (verification) | | (specification) |
+ +-------------------+ +----------------+ +-----------------+
+ | | |
+ | V |
+ | +----------+ |
+ | | Reaction | |
+ | +--+--+--+-+ |
+ | | | | |
+ | | | +-> trace output ? |
+ +------------------------|--|----------------------+
+ | +----> panic ?
+ +-------> <user-specified>
+
+DA monitor synthesis
+--------------------
+
+The synthesis of automata-based models into the Linux *RV monitor* abstraction
+is automated by the dot2k tool and the rv/da_monitor.h header file that
+contains a set of macros that automatically generate the monitor's code.
+
+dot2k
+-----
+
+The dot2k utility leverages dot2c by converting an automaton model in
+the DOT format into the C representation [1] and creating the skeleton of
+a kernel monitor in C.
+
+For example, it is possible to transform the wip.dot model present in
+[1] into a per-cpu monitor with the following command::
+
+ $ dot2k -d wip.dot -t per_cpu
+
+This will create a directory named wip/ with the following files:
+
+- wip.h: the wip model in C
+- wip.c: the RV monitor
+
+The wip.c file contains the monitor declaration and the starting point for
+the system instrumentation.
+
+Monitor macros
+--------------
+
+The rv/da_monitor.h enables automatic code generation for the *Monitor
+Instance(s)* using C macros.
+
+The benefits of the usage of macro for monitor synthesis are 3-fold as it:
+
+- Reduces the code duplication;
+- Facilitates the bug fix/improvement;
+- Avoids the case of developers changing the core of the monitor code
+ to manipulate the model in a (let's say) non-standard way.
+
+This initial implementation presents three different types of monitor instances:
+
+- ``#define DECLARE_DA_MON_GLOBAL(name, type)``
+- ``#define DECLARE_DA_MON_PER_CPU(name, type)``
+- ``#define DECLARE_DA_MON_PER_TASK(name, type)``
+
+The first declares the functions for a global deterministic automata monitor,
+the second for monitors with per-cpu instances, and the third with per-task
+instances.
+
+In all cases, the 'name' argument is a string that identifies the monitor, and
+the 'type' argument is the data type used by dot2k on the representation of
+the model in C.
+
+For example, the wip model with two states and three events can be
+stored in an 'unsigned char' type. Considering that the preemption control
+is a per-cpu behavior, the monitor declaration in the 'wip.c' file is::
+
+ DECLARE_DA_MON_PER_CPU(wip, unsigned char);
+
+The monitor is executed by sending events to be processed via the functions
+presented below::
+
+ da_handle_event_$(MONITOR_NAME)($(event from event enum));
+ da_handle_start_event_$(MONITOR_NAME)($(event from event enum));
+ da_handle_start_run_event_$(MONITOR_NAME)($(event from event enum));
+
+The function ``da_handle_event_$(MONITOR_NAME)()`` is the regular case where
+the event will be processed if the monitor is processing events.
+
+When a monitor is enabled, it is placed in the initial state of the automata.
+However, the monitor does not know if the system is in the *initial state*.
+
+The ``da_handle_start_event_$(MONITOR_NAME)()`` function is used to notify the
+monitor that the system is returning to the initial state, so the monitor can
+start monitoring the next event.
+
+The ``da_handle_start_run_event_$(MONITOR_NAME)()`` function is used to notify
+the monitor that the system is known to be in the initial state, so the
+monitor can start monitoring and monitor the current event.
+
+Using the wip model as example, the events "preempt_disable" and
+"sched_waking" should be sent to monitor, respectively, via [2]::
+
+ da_handle_event_wip(preempt_disable_wip);
+ da_handle_event_wip(sched_waking_wip);
+
+While the event "preempt_enabled" will use::
+
+ da_handle_start_event_wip(preempt_enable_wip);
+
+To notify the monitor that the system will be returning to the initial state,
+so the system and the monitor should be in sync.
+
+Final remarks
+-------------
+
+With the monitor synthesis in place using the rv/da_monitor.h and
+dot2k, the developer's work should be limited to the instrumentation
+of the system, increasing the confidence in the overall approach.
+
+[1] For details about deterministic automata format and the translation
+from one representation to another, see::
+
+ Documentation/trace/rv/deterministic_automata.rst
+
+[2] dot2k appends the monitor's name suffix to the events enums to
+avoid conflicting variables when exporting the global vmlinux.h
+use by BPF programs.
diff --git a/Documentation/trace/rv/index.rst b/Documentation/trace/rv/index.rst
index 013a41a410cf..46d47f33052c 100644
--- a/Documentation/trace/rv/index.rst
+++ b/Documentation/trace/rv/index.rst
@@ -8,3 +8,4 @@ Runtime Verification
runtime-verification.rst
deterministic_automata.rst
+ da_monitor_synthesis.rst
diff --git a/include/rv/da_monitor.h b/include/rv/da_monitor.h
index 001bc298289f..9eb75683e012 100644
--- a/include/rv/da_monitor.h
+++ b/include/rv/da_monitor.h
@@ -6,6 +6,9 @@
* with automata models in C generated by the dot2k tool.
*
* The dot2k tool is available at tools/verification/dot2k/
+ *
+ * For further information, see:
+ * Documentation/trace/rv/da_monitor_synthesis.rst
*/
#include <rv/automata.h>
diff --git a/tools/verification/dot2/dot2k b/tools/verification/dot2/dot2k
index 69106f4b7682..9dcd38abe20a 100644
--- a/tools/verification/dot2/dot2k
+++ b/tools/verification/dot2/dot2k
@@ -4,6 +4,9 @@
# Copyright (C) 2019-2022 Red Hat, Inc. Daniel Bristot de Oliveira <bristot@...nel.org>
#
# dot2k: transform dot files into a monitor for the Linux kernel.
+#
+# For further information, see:
+# Documentation/trace/rv/da_monitor_synthesis.rst
if __name__ == '__main__':
from dot2.dot2k import dot2k
diff --git a/tools/verification/dot2/dot2k.py b/tools/verification/dot2/dot2k.py
index d85f755e3bc7..016550fccf1f 100644
--- a/tools/verification/dot2/dot2k.py
+++ b/tools/verification/dot2/dot2k.py
@@ -4,6 +4,9 @@
# Copyright (C) 2019-2022 Red Hat, Inc. Daniel Bristot de Oliveira <bristot@...nel.org>
#
# dot2k: transform dot files into a monitor for the Linux kernel.
+#
+# For further information, see:
+# Documentation/trace/rv/da_monitor_synthesis.rst
from dot2.dot2c import Dot2c
import platform
--
2.35.1
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