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Date: Thu, 4 Aug 2022 15:54:20 -0700
From: David Matlack <dmatlack@...gle.com>
To: isaku.yamahata@...el.com
Cc: kvm@...r.kernel.org, linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org,
isaku.yamahata@...il.com, Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@...hat.com>,
erdemaktas@...gle.com, Sean Christopherson <seanjc@...gle.com>,
Sagi Shahar <sagis@...gle.com>
Subject: Re: [RFC PATCH v6 037/104] KVM: x86/mmu: Allow non-zero value for
non-present SPTE
On Thu, May 05, 2022 at 11:14:31AM -0700, isaku.yamahata@...el.com wrote:
> From: Sean Christopherson <sean.j.christopherson@...el.com>
>
> TDX introduced a new ETP, Secure-EPT, in addition to the existing EPT.
> Secure-EPT maps protected guest memory, which is called private. Since
> Secure-EPT page tables is also protected, those page tables is also called
> private. The existing EPT is often called shared EPT to distinguish from
> Secure-EPT. And also page tables for share EPT is also called shared.
>
> Virtualization Exception, #VE, is a new processor exception in VMX non-root
> operation. In certain virtualizatoin-related conditions, #VE is injected
> into guest instead of exiting from guest to VMM so that guest is given a
> chance to inspect it. One important one is EPT violation. When
> "ETP-violation #VE" VM-execution is set, "#VE suppress bit" in EPT entry
> is cleared, #VE is injected instead of EPT violation.
>
> Because guest memory is protected with TDX, VMM can't parse instructions
> in the guest memory. Instead, MMIO hypercall is used for guest to pass
> necessary information to VMM.
>
> To make unmodified device driver work, guest TD expects #VE on accessing
> shared GPA. The #VE handler converts MMIO access into MMIO hypercall with
> the EPT entry of enabled "#VE" by clearing "suppress #VE" bit. Before VMM
> enabling #VE, it needs to figure out the given GPA is for MMIO by EPT
> violation. So the execution flow looks like
>
> - Allocate unused shared EPT entry with suppress #VE bit set.
> - EPT violation on that GPA.
> - VMM figures out the faulted GPA is for MMIO.
> - VMM clears the suppress #VE bit.
> - Guest TD gets #VE, and converts MMIO access into MMIO hypercall.
> - If the GPA maps guest memory, VMM resolves it with guest pages.
>
> For both cases, SPTE needs suppress #VE" bit set initially when it
> is allocated or zapped, therefore non-zero non-present value for SPTE
> needs to be allowed.
>
> This change requires to update FNAME(sync_page) for shadow EPT.
> "if(!sp->spte[i])" in FNAME(sync_page) means that the spte entry is the
> initial value. With the introduction of shadow_nonpresent_value which can
> be non-zero, it doesn't hold any more. Replace zero check with
> "!is_shadow_present_pte() && !is_mmio_spte()".
>
> When "if (!spt[i])" doesn't hold, but the entry value is
> shadow_nonpresent_value, the entry is wrongly synchronized from non-present
> to non-present with (wrongly) pfn changed and tries to remove rmap wrongly
> and BUG_ON() is hit.
>
> TDP MMU uses REMOVED_SPTE = 0x5a0ULL as special constant to indicate the
> intermediate value to indicate one thread is operating on it and the value
> should be semi-arbitrary value. For TDX (more correctly to use #VE), the
> value should include suppress #VE value which is SHADOW_NONPRESENT_VALUE.
> Rename REMOVED_SPTE to __REMOVED_SPTE and define REMOVED_SPTE as
> SHADOW_NONPRESENT_VALUE | REMOVED_SPTE to set suppress #VE bit.
>
> Signed-off-by: Sean Christopherson <sean.j.christopherson@...el.com>
> Signed-off-by: Isaku Yamahata <isaku.yamahata@...el.com>
> arch/x86/kvm/mmu/mmu.c | 55 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++----
> arch/x86/kvm/mmu/paging_tmpl.h | 3 +-
> arch/x86/kvm/mmu/spte.c | 5 +++-
> arch/x86/kvm/mmu/spte.h | 37 ++++++++++++++++++++---
> arch/x86/kvm/mmu/tdp_mmu.c | 23 +++++++++-----
> 5 files changed, 105 insertions(+), 18 deletions(-)
>
> diff --git a/arch/x86/kvm/mmu/mmu.c b/arch/x86/kvm/mmu/mmu.c
> index 4a12d862bbb6..324ea25ee0c7 100644
> --- a/arch/x86/kvm/mmu/mmu.c
> +++ b/arch/x86/kvm/mmu/mmu.c
> @@ -693,6 +693,44 @@ static void walk_shadow_page_lockless_end(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
> }
> }
>
> +static inline void kvm_init_shadow_page(void *page)
> +{
> +#ifdef CONFIG_X86_64
> + int ign;
> +
> + WARN_ON_ONCE(shadow_nonpresent_value != SHADOW_NONPRESENT_VALUE);
> + asm volatile (
> + "rep stosq\n\t"
> + : "=c"(ign), "=D"(page)
> + : "a"(SHADOW_NONPRESENT_VALUE), "c"(4096/8), "D"(page)
> + : "memory"
> + );
Use memset64()?
> +#else
> + BUG();
> +#endif
> +}
> +
> +static int mmu_topup_shadow_page_cache(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
> +{
> + struct kvm_mmu_memory_cache *mc = &vcpu->arch.mmu_shadow_page_cache;
> + int start, end, i, r;
> + bool is_tdp_mmu = is_tdp_mmu_enabled(vcpu->kvm);
> +
> + if (is_tdp_mmu && shadow_nonpresent_value)
> + start = kvm_mmu_memory_cache_nr_free_objects(mc);
> +
> + r = kvm_mmu_topup_memory_cache(mc, PT64_ROOT_MAX_LEVEL);
> + if (r)
> + return r;
> +
> + if (is_tdp_mmu && shadow_nonpresent_value) {
> + end = kvm_mmu_memory_cache_nr_free_objects(mc);
> + for (i = start; i < end; i++)
> + kvm_init_shadow_page(mc->objects[i]);
> + }
Doing this during top-up is probably the right decision since we're
outside the MMU lock. In v8 you'll need to also cover the eager page
splitting code paths, which go through a different allocation path for
the shadow and TDP MMU.
> + return 0;
> +}
> +
> static int mmu_topup_memory_caches(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, bool maybe_indirect)
> {
> int r;
> @@ -702,8 +740,7 @@ static int mmu_topup_memory_caches(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, bool maybe_indirect)
> 1 + PT64_ROOT_MAX_LEVEL + PTE_PREFETCH_NUM);
> if (r)
> return r;
> - r = kvm_mmu_topup_memory_cache(&vcpu->arch.mmu_shadow_page_cache,
> - PT64_ROOT_MAX_LEVEL);
> + r = mmu_topup_shadow_page_cache(vcpu);
> if (r)
> return r;
> if (maybe_indirect) {
> @@ -5510,9 +5547,16 @@ void kvm_configure_mmu(bool enable_tdp, int tdp_forced_root_level,
> * what is used by the kernel for any given HVA, i.e. the kernel's
> * capabilities are ultimately consulted by kvm_mmu_hugepage_adjust().
> */
> - if (tdp_enabled)
> + if (tdp_enabled) {
> + /*
> + * For TDP MMU, always set bit 63 for TDX support. See the
> + * comment on SHADOW_NONPRESENT_VALUE.
> + */
> +#ifdef CONFIG_X86_64
> + shadow_nonpresent_value = SHADOW_NONPRESENT_VALUE;
> +#endif
> max_huge_page_level = tdp_huge_page_level;
> - else if (boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_GBPAGES))
> + } else if (boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_GBPAGES))
> max_huge_page_level = PG_LEVEL_1G;
> else
> max_huge_page_level = PG_LEVEL_2M;
> @@ -5643,7 +5687,8 @@ int kvm_mmu_create(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
> vcpu->arch.mmu_page_header_cache.kmem_cache = mmu_page_header_cache;
> vcpu->arch.mmu_page_header_cache.gfp_zero = __GFP_ZERO;
>
> - vcpu->arch.mmu_shadow_page_cache.gfp_zero = __GFP_ZERO;
> + if (!(is_tdp_mmu_enabled(vcpu->kvm) && shadow_nonpresent_value))
> + vcpu->arch.mmu_shadow_page_cache.gfp_zero = __GFP_ZERO;
Is there any reason to prefer using __GFP_ZERO? I suspect the code would
be simpler if KVM unconditionally initialized shadow pages.
>
> vcpu->arch.mmu = &vcpu->arch.root_mmu;
> vcpu->arch.walk_mmu = &vcpu->arch.root_mmu;
> diff --git a/arch/x86/kvm/mmu/paging_tmpl.h b/arch/x86/kvm/mmu/paging_tmpl.h
> index b025decf610d..058efd4bbcbc 100644
> --- a/arch/x86/kvm/mmu/paging_tmpl.h
> +++ b/arch/x86/kvm/mmu/paging_tmpl.h
> @@ -1030,7 +1030,8 @@ static int FNAME(sync_page)(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, struct kvm_mmu_page *sp)
> gpa_t pte_gpa;
> gfn_t gfn;
>
> - if (!sp->spt[i])
> + if (!is_shadow_present_pte(sp->spt[i]) &&
> + !is_mmio_spte(sp->spt[i]))
> continue;
>
> pte_gpa = first_pte_gpa + i * sizeof(pt_element_t);
> diff --git a/arch/x86/kvm/mmu/spte.c b/arch/x86/kvm/mmu/spte.c
> index 75c9e87d446a..1bf934f64b6f 100644
> --- a/arch/x86/kvm/mmu/spte.c
> +++ b/arch/x86/kvm/mmu/spte.c
> @@ -36,6 +36,9 @@ u64 __read_mostly shadow_present_mask;
> u64 __read_mostly shadow_me_value;
> u64 __read_mostly shadow_me_mask;
> u64 __read_mostly shadow_acc_track_mask;
> +#ifdef CONFIG_X86_64
> +u64 __read_mostly shadow_nonpresent_value;
> +#endif
>
> u64 __read_mostly shadow_nonpresent_or_rsvd_mask;
> u64 __read_mostly shadow_nonpresent_or_rsvd_lower_gfn_mask;
> @@ -330,7 +333,7 @@ void kvm_mmu_set_mmio_spte_mask(u64 mmio_value, u64 mmio_mask, u64 access_mask)
> * not set any RWX bits.
> */
> if (WARN_ON((mmio_value & mmio_mask) != mmio_value) ||
> - WARN_ON(mmio_value && (REMOVED_SPTE & mmio_mask) == mmio_value))
> + WARN_ON(mmio_value && (__REMOVED_SPTE & mmio_mask) == mmio_value))
Why use __REMOVED_SPTE here and not REMOVED_SPTE?
> mmio_value = 0;
>
> if (!mmio_value)
> diff --git a/arch/x86/kvm/mmu/spte.h b/arch/x86/kvm/mmu/spte.h
> index fbbab180395e..3319ca7f8f48 100644
> --- a/arch/x86/kvm/mmu/spte.h
> +++ b/arch/x86/kvm/mmu/spte.h
> @@ -140,6 +140,19 @@ static_assert(MMIO_SPTE_GEN_LOW_BITS == 8 && MMIO_SPTE_GEN_HIGH_BITS == 11);
>
> #define MMIO_SPTE_GEN_MASK GENMASK_ULL(MMIO_SPTE_GEN_LOW_BITS + MMIO_SPTE_GEN_HIGH_BITS - 1, 0)
>
> +/*
> + * non-present SPTE value for both VMX and SVM for TDP MMU.
> + * For SVM NPT, for non-present spte (bit 0 = 0), other bits are ignored.
> + * For VMX EPT, bit 63 is ignored if #VE is disabled.
> + * bit 63 is #VE suppress if #VE is enabled.
> + */
> +#ifdef CONFIG_X86_64
> +#define SHADOW_NONPRESENT_VALUE BIT_ULL(63)
> +static_assert(!(SHADOW_NONPRESENT_VALUE & SPTE_MMU_PRESENT_MASK));
> +#else
> +#define SHADOW_NONPRESENT_VALUE 0ULL
> +#endif
The terminology "shadow_nonpresent" implies it would be the opposite of
e.g. is_shadow_present_pte(), when in fact they are completely
different concepts.
Also, this is a good opportunity to follow the same naming terminology
as REMOVED_SPTE in the TDP MMU.
How about EMPTY_SPTE?
> +
> extern u64 __read_mostly shadow_host_writable_mask;
> extern u64 __read_mostly shadow_mmu_writable_mask;
> extern u64 __read_mostly shadow_nx_mask;
> @@ -154,6 +167,12 @@ extern u64 __read_mostly shadow_present_mask;
> extern u64 __read_mostly shadow_me_value;
> extern u64 __read_mostly shadow_me_mask;
>
> +#ifdef CONFIG_X86_64
> +extern u64 __read_mostly shadow_nonpresent_value;
> +#else
> +#define shadow_nonpresent_value 0ULL
> +#endif
> +
> /*
> * SPTEs in MMUs without A/D bits are marked with SPTE_TDP_AD_DISABLED_MASK;
> * shadow_acc_track_mask is the set of bits to be cleared in non-accessed
> @@ -174,9 +193,12 @@ extern u64 __read_mostly shadow_nonpresent_or_rsvd_mask;
>
> /*
> * If a thread running without exclusive control of the MMU lock must perform a
> - * multi-part operation on an SPTE, it can set the SPTE to REMOVED_SPTE as a
> + * multi-part operation on an SPTE, it can set the SPTE to __REMOVED_SPTE as a
> * non-present intermediate value. Other threads which encounter this value
> - * should not modify the SPTE.
> + * should not modify the SPTE. For the case that TDX is enabled,
> + * SHADOW_NONPRESENT_VALUE, which is "suppress #VE" bit set because TDX module
> + * always enables "EPT violation #VE". The bit is ignored by non-TDX case as
> + * present bit (bit 0) is cleared.
> *
> * Use a semi-arbitrary value that doesn't set RWX bits, i.e. is not-present on
> * bot AMD and Intel CPUs, and doesn't set PFN bits, i.e. doesn't create a L1TF
> @@ -184,10 +206,17 @@ extern u64 __read_mostly shadow_nonpresent_or_rsvd_mask;
> *
> * Only used by the TDP MMU.
> */
> -#define REMOVED_SPTE 0x5a0ULL
> +#define __REMOVED_SPTE 0x5a0ULL
>
> /* Removed SPTEs must not be misconstrued as shadow present PTEs. */
> -static_assert(!(REMOVED_SPTE & SPTE_MMU_PRESENT_MASK));
> +static_assert(!(__REMOVED_SPTE & SPTE_MMU_PRESENT_MASK));
> +static_assert(!(__REMOVED_SPTE & SHADOW_NONPRESENT_VALUE));
> +
> +/*
> + * See above comment around __REMOVED_SPTE. REMOVED_SPTE is the actual
> + * intermediate value set to the removed SPET. it sets the "suppress #VE" bit.
> + */
> +#define REMOVED_SPTE (SHADOW_NONPRESENT_VALUE | __REMOVED_SPTE)
>
> static inline bool is_removed_spte(u64 spte)
> {
> diff --git a/arch/x86/kvm/mmu/tdp_mmu.c b/arch/x86/kvm/mmu/tdp_mmu.c
> index 4fabb2cd0ba9..383904742f44 100644
> --- a/arch/x86/kvm/mmu/tdp_mmu.c
> +++ b/arch/x86/kvm/mmu/tdp_mmu.c
> @@ -673,8 +673,16 @@ static inline int tdp_mmu_zap_spte_atomic(struct kvm *kvm,
> * special removed SPTE value. No bookkeeping is needed
> * here since the SPTE is going from non-present
> * to non-present.
> + *
> + * Set non-present value to SHADOW_NONPRESENT_VALUE, rather than 0.
> + * It is because when TDX is enabled, TDX module always
> + * enables "EPT-violation #VE", so KVM needs to set
> + * "suppress #VE" bit in EPT table entries, in order to get
> + * real EPT violation, rather than TDVMCALL. KVM sets
> + * SHADOW_NONPRESENT_VALUE (which sets "suppress #VE" bit) so it
> + * can be set when EPT table entries are zapped.
> */
> - kvm_tdp_mmu_write_spte(iter->sptep, 0);
> + kvm_tdp_mmu_write_spte(iter->sptep, SHADOW_NONPRESENT_VALUE);
>
> return 0;
> }
> @@ -846,8 +854,8 @@ static void __tdp_mmu_zap_root(struct kvm *kvm, struct kvm_mmu_page *root,
> continue;
>
> if (!shared)
> - tdp_mmu_set_spte(kvm, &iter, 0);
> - else if (tdp_mmu_set_spte_atomic(kvm, &iter, 0))
> + tdp_mmu_set_spte(kvm, &iter, SHADOW_NONPRESENT_VALUE);
> + else if (tdp_mmu_set_spte_atomic(kvm, &iter, SHADOW_NONPRESENT_VALUE))
> goto retry;
> }
> }
> @@ -903,8 +911,9 @@ bool kvm_tdp_mmu_zap_sp(struct kvm *kvm, struct kvm_mmu_page *sp)
> if (WARN_ON_ONCE(!is_shadow_present_pte(old_spte)))
> return false;
>
> - __tdp_mmu_set_spte(kvm, kvm_mmu_page_as_id(sp), sp->ptep, old_spte, 0,
> - sp->gfn, sp->role.level + 1, true, true);
> + __tdp_mmu_set_spte(kvm, kvm_mmu_page_as_id(sp), sp->ptep, old_spte,
> + SHADOW_NONPRESENT_VALUE, sp->gfn, sp->role.level + 1,
> + true, true);
>
> return true;
> }
> @@ -941,7 +950,7 @@ static bool tdp_mmu_zap_leafs(struct kvm *kvm, struct kvm_mmu_page *root,
> !is_last_spte(iter.old_spte, iter.level))
> continue;
>
> - tdp_mmu_set_spte(kvm, &iter, 0);
> + tdp_mmu_set_spte(kvm, &iter, SHADOW_NONPRESENT_VALUE);
> flush = true;
> }
>
> @@ -1312,7 +1321,7 @@ static bool set_spte_gfn(struct kvm *kvm, struct tdp_iter *iter,
> * invariant that the PFN of a present * leaf SPTE can never change.
> * See __handle_changed_spte().
> */
> - tdp_mmu_set_spte(kvm, iter, 0);
> + tdp_mmu_set_spte(kvm, iter, SHADOW_NONPRESENT_VALUE);
>
> if (!pte_write(range->pte)) {
> new_spte = kvm_mmu_changed_pte_notifier_make_spte(iter->old_spte,
In addition to the suggestions above, I'd suggest breaking this patch
up, since it is doing multiple things:
1. Patch initialize shadow page tables to EMPTY_SPTE (0) and
replace TDP MMU hard-coded 0 with EMPTY_SPTE.
2. Patch to change FNAME(sync_page) to not assume EMPTY_SPTE is 0.
3. Patch to set bit 63 in EMPTY_SPTE.
4. Patch to set bit 63 in REMOVED_SPTE.
> --
> 2.25.1
>
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